Abstract: "Determining the scope of the five functional areas of Chongqing", population factors must be taken into account. From the terrain fluctuations in population distribution pattern, we provide further evidence that Chongqing city is divided into five functional areas. The Chongqing 1:250000 DEM data, the county population data of 2010, with Arcgis9.3 software and the method of neighborhood analysis, a raster format of RDLS calculation is calculated and the size of the unit is 1 km. We analyze the space geography regularity of RDLS and the relationship between the geographical distribution of the population, mainly from the aspects of the geographical space, composition and altitude. Analysis shows that: the value of RDLS is mainly concentrated in low value, a RDLS value of less than 1.5 accounts for 78.82% of the total area of Chongqing City, the cumulative population accounts for 66.37% of the total population; high RDLS value area mainly concentrated in the northeast of Chongqing ecological conservation development areas and southeast Chongqing ecological conservation development areas; the elevation and RDLS shows a positive correlation; RDLS curve and population density curve exhibits a high degree of fitting, by using RDLS as the main analysis element, assessment of Chongqing City terrain suitability is conducted.