Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.32 Published:20 November 2014

  Polymorphism Analysis of Hemoglobin Beta Gene in Yak 2014, 30 (32):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1173 Abstract + ( 1180 )   PDF ( 946KB )   ( 664 ) In this study, the PCR-SSCP technology was used to analyze the polymorphism of hemoglobin beta gene exon 2 in 107 yak, and the analysis of alleles, nucleotide polymorphic loci and amino polymorphic acid were carried out. It is showed that there are two alleles of hemoglobin beta gene exon 2 in 107 yak. Allele A is advantage allele, there is only one variation detected in allele A and allele B at 58 loci (A–T), which leads to the variation of serine (Ser) to threonine (Thr) and may affect the affinity of hemoglobin and oxygen. This could be the reason that yak’s capacity of carrying oxygen is better than that of cattle. The hemoglobin beta gene sequence homology is very high between yak and cattle，as high as 98.94%.

  Assessment on Apparent Digestibility of Main Nutrient in Italian Ryegrass for Growing Rabbits 2014, 30 (32):  6-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0731 Abstract + ( 1440 )   PDF ( 441KB )   ( 612 ) The digestibility of main nutrient in 2 varieties of Italian Ryegrass for growing Fujian yellow rabbits was assessed by endogenous indicator method. The results show that: the digestibility of ryegrass "Maximus" and "Hercules" dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude fat (EE), crude ash (ash), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) digestion rates was: 52.67%, 82.68%, 21.70%, 26.58%, 28.59%, 68.37%, 57.69%, 71.64%, 70.82%, 64.38% and 50.45%, 79.53%, 24.69%, 30.45%, 32.69%, 69.84%, 59.38%, 70.48%, 69.31%, 69.30%, respectively. The apparent digestibility of Italian ryegrass DM, CP, EE, Ca and P was high, and the apparent digestibility of CF was low.

  Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of the VP Gene of Porcine Kobuvirus 2014, 30 (32):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0555 Abstract + ( 1078 )   PDF ( 570KB )   ( 658 ) To enrich the gene for the newly identified porcine kubovirus, theVP gene of porcine kobuvirus was amplified by RT-PCR method from tissues of piglets associated with diarrhea in Fujian Province and then sequenced, then bioinformatics analysis were conducted to investigate the structure and function of the porcine kubovirus VP gene. The results demonstrated that the porcine kobuvirus VP gene was 2529 bp in length, coding an open reading frame (ORF) with 843 amino acids. The isoelectric point, molecular weight and instability index of porcine kubovirusVP protein were 5.34, 89.603kD, 37.71, respectively. The maximum and the minimum hydrophobicity were 2.522 and - 2.622, respectively. Compared with the PKV VP genes published previously download from GenBank, the sequenced gene shared the highest homogeneity with XX strain, with 86.7%; while had the lowest homogeneity with swine/S-1-HUN/2007/Hungary strain, which was 83.7% . The porcine kubovirus VP gene shares two different phylogenetic relationship branches, and the Chinese porcine kubovirus isolates distribute at both branches.

  The Surveillance and Genetic Evolution Analysis of H10 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus in Dongting Lake Region 2014, 30 (32):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0540 Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 483KB )   ( 685 ) The aim of the study is to understand the distribution and prevalence and genetic evolution of H10 subtype avian influenza virus in the Dongting Lake Region, and propose some measures and reference about the role of avian influenza virus evolution. Duck swabs and environmental swabs were sampled in live poultry wholesale market and waterfowl farm, and avian influenza virus were isolated, and the gene fragments were amplified, sequenced and analyzed by Mega 5 software. Results showed that there were 11 isolates of H10 subtype avian influenza virus in live poultry wholesale market, which were from duck swab. 2 isolates of H10 subtype avian influenza virus was isolated in duck farm. The sequence analysis showed that the cleavage site of HA protein was PELMQGR / GLF, which belonged to a low pathogenic virus, and was in the same branch with H10 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from wild birds in other countries (Mongolia, Sweden, the Netherlands, Thailand, Japan, etc.).

  Study on the Cold Tolerance of NEW GIFT Nile Tilapia（Oreochromis niloticus）in Different Weight Stages 2014, 30 (32):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1081 Abstract + ( 1592 )   PDF ( 505KB )   ( 850 ) In this study, cold tolerance in different weight stages of NEW GIFT Nile tilapia（Oreochromis niloticus ）were investigated by measuring their Semi-lethal low temperature and cooling degree hours et al, in the condition of indoor artificial cooling. The results indicated that the cold tolerance ability of NEW GIFT Nile tilapia was significantly enhanced with weight growing. The LT50 values of the four stages were: 9.72℃, 8.80℃, 8.70℃, 7.86℃ and the CDH values were 952.30 h, 1211.90 h, 1280.70 h, 1522.90 h. The correlation analysis and multiple comparisons among LT50 values and CDH values showed that the stage Ⅳ were significantly different from other stages（P<0.01）, which means that its cold tolerance ability is relatively stronger than that of the other stages, while the LT50 values and CDH values of the rest stages showed no statistical difference among themselves（P >0.05）. Therefore, tilapia of higher degree development also had a good cold tolerance.

  Effects of Houttuynia cordata Single Preparations in Feed on Growth and Physiological and Biochemical Index of Juvenile Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) 2014, 30 (32):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0399 Abstract + ( 629 )   PDF ( 588KB )   ( 584 ) In order to improve the resistance and survival rate of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus ), the study investigated the effects of different doses ofHouttuynia cordata single preparations on the growth performance and physiological and biochemical indexes of juvenile grass carp after fed of different time, it could provide a theoretical guide forHouttuynia cordata as a feed additive to development and utilization. TheHouttuynia cordata powder added to the basic feed in proportion to the mass fraction of 1%, 2% and 3%. Grass carp individuals, the average weight of which was (10.83±0.57) g, fed of different concentrations of Houttuynia cordata single preparations. After fed of 30d, 60d and 90d, its growth index, muscle composition, lysozyme and SOD and other physiological and biochemical indexes were measured. Results showed: average weight and weight gain rate in group 2 increased significantly compared with those of the control group, and significantly higher than group 1 and group 3 at 30d, 60d and 90d(P <0.05). Every group could increase the lysozyme activity and NO content of grass carp, but only group 2 which fed 60d could significantly improve the lysozyme activity and NO content(P <0.05), but there was different reaction time between different organs. The SOD activity in every test group was much higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), and it gradually increased with the reaction time prolonged. The GOT and GPT activity in every test group were lower than those of the control group, and the GPT activity had significant difference between test groups and control group (P <0.05), so it showed some certain protective effect for liver cell. In a word, the optimum feeding time of Houttuynia cordata single Chinese herbal medicine feed additive was 30d to 60d and the optimum additive volume was 2%.

  The RNA Interference Regularity of Transformer-2 Gene of Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense 2014, 30 (32):  32-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0536 Abstract + ( 1083 )   PDF ( 724KB )   ( 994 ) The RNA interference regularity of transformer- 2 (tra- 2 ) gene of oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense was studied in this paper to find the injection sites, dose, interference effects and interference regularity. The optimal injecting sites were chosen from muscle, heart, pericardial cavity and the base of eyestalk. The pericardial cavity was the suitable site for injection due to the lowest mortality rate. For the time-dependent silencing experiment, the dsRNA quantity was calculated as 4 μg dsRNA/g body wt. The results of 1,7,or 14 days by Real- time RT- PCR showed that tra- 2 gene relative mRNA expression was significantly reduced (P <0.05) on the 7th day. Experiments of different dose levels showed that the treatment group which was injected at a dose of 0.4μg/g had no interference effect; the groups with dose of 4 μg/g and 12 μg/g had significant interference effect. Compared to dose of 4 μg/g, the dose of 12 μg/g could have interference effect in a relatively short time and last for a longer time. It indicated that the interference pattern would change as the dose changed. But the lowest expression level of the two groups were 23% and 21% of the normal level, with no significant difference（P>0.05）.

  The Influence of Chinese Herbal Medicine Feed Additiveon on Eel(Monopterus albus) Sex Hormone Levels 2014, 30 (32):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0591 Abstract + ( 840 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 817 ) The female eel of initial average weight (41.2 2.3) g and the male eel of initial weight (113.5 5.6) g were took as the research objects. The test used minced fish feed with concentration of Chinese herbal medicine at the rate of 3%, 4%, 5%, respectively, and set up three repeats for each group. Continuous feeding was conducted for 31d (the first 10d was the training phase without Chinese herbal medicine, followed by 21d of trial phase with Chinese herbal medicine added). Blood sample was obtained to determine the content of serum estradiol and testosterone and evaluate the influence of the concentration of Chinese herbal medicine on sex hormone levels of eel. The experimental results show that: (1) compared with control group, estradiol and testosterone levels in blood of parent fish that fed without Chinese herbal medicine were significantly higher than that fed with Chinese herbal medicine (P <0.05), and serum levels of estradiol and testosterone decreased with the increase of concentration of Chinese herbal medicine (P <0.05); (2) the serum estradiol level of females and serum testosterone level of males declined with time (P <0.05) in each test group.

  Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of Bacteria Isolated from the Gills of Commercial Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) 2014, 30 (32):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0593 Abstract + ( 630 )   PDF ( 497KB )   ( 562 ) Investigation was conducted on bacterial contamination and antimicrobial resistance of the strains isolated from the gills of commercial Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) in Xuzhou, four isolated strains were gram-negative and short rod-shaped bacteria, and tentatively named ZYF-1, ZYF-2, ZYF-3 and ZYF- 4, respectively. According to the values of coding method of four strains, ZYF-1 was identified as Shigella sp., ZYF-2 and ZYF-3 were identified as Escherichia coli, and ZYF-4 was identified as Serratia fonticola. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay indicated that the resistance rates of ZYF-1, ZYF-2, ZYF-3 and ZYF-4 strains were 75.8%、72.4%、65.5% and 82.8%, respectively. Four strains showed antibiotic resistance to eleven kinds of antibiotics, such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, trimethoprim and so on. It is concluded that there are Shigella and Escherichia coli contamination in commercially availableCtenopharyngodon idellus in Xuzhou, and the bacteria showed multi-drug resistances in antimicrobial susceptibility assay. The conclusion will provide scientific references for identification of foodborne bacteria and control of bacterial disease in fish.

  Analysis of Comparative Advantage of the Main Aquaculture Products in Bohai Rim 2014, 30 (32):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0478 Abstract + ( 578 )   PDF ( 718KB )   ( 568 ) Huang Bohai region was the important production base of livestock products and seafood in China. Based on the method of comprehensive comparative advantage indexes and location quotient, the authors determined the advantages of production scale and production efficiency of the main aquaculture products in Bohai Rim. The research results showed that: the pig, cattle, sheep, poultry industry did not have comprehensive comparative advantage, and the index was 0.79, 0.96, 0.84 and 0.63 respectively. The milk, eggs and aquatic products had the comprehensive comparative advantages, the comprehensive comparative advantage index was 1.05, 1.51 and 1.43 respectively, and so they should become the focus of the industry development in the future.

  Empirical Investigation on the Main Crops’Economic Benefits in Inland Arid Region ——A case Study on the Minle County in Gansu Province 2014, 30 (32):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0855 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 526KB )   ( 766 ) This paper based on the perspective of input-output ratio, taking Cobb Douglas production function as the basis, calculates the main crops’economic benefit, cost and per cubic meter water’s benefit in Minle County. The results show that the main crops’economic benefit in Minle County was relatively low due to high labor cost and low crop planting mechanization level. Fertilizer, seed and water accounted a larger proportion in crop cost investment; comparing with barley, wheat, potato (Ke Xin) and corn, per cubic meter water’s benefit of rape is the highest; barley is the first water consumption crops. By using Stata analysis software, this paper concluded that the influence degree of different cost in per unit of crops output further showed that barley was the labor intensive crops. Seed, fertilizer, machinery inputs have significant impact on the different crops unit production, water has significant impact on the unit production output of wheat, corn and rape. Therefore, in the inland arid region which is extremely short of water resources, farmers should have the reference of input and output efficiency in future crops planting, choose optimization of economic benefit and water saving efficiency from the perspective of effectively using water resources, improving water efficiency and benefit.

  Study on Development Strategies of Heilongjiang Forestry Industrial Cluster 2014, 30 (32):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0701 Abstract + ( 589 )   PDF ( 616KB )   ( 532 ) Heilongjiang is a province with forestry as its pillar industry and forestry industrial cluster have important meaning for fostering industrial competitiveness, developing regional economy and promoting the economy of Heilongjiang. The paper described the connotation of industrial cluster and forestry industrial cluster, assessed the level of forestry industrial cluster of Heilongjiang. According to the result, forestry in Heilongjiang Province had formed industrial cluster. The author analyzed some questions in developing forestry industrial cluster and put forward some countermeasures. Local governments should strengthen policy guidance and financial support, establish service platform for industrial cluster, implement brand strategy and talent cultivation strategy and speed up the technological innovation.

  Farmers’Decision-making of Participation in Crop Insurance: Based on a Questionnaire Survey in Heilongjiang and Liaoning Provinces 2014, 30 (32):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0721 Abstract + ( 675 )   PDF ( 588KB )   ( 710 ) Based on a questionnaire survey in Heilongjiang and Liaoning Provinces, this paper analyzed farmers’cognition of crop insurance and their participation behavior and willingness, studied the main reasons for farmers insufficiency of effective demand for crop insurance. The results showed that, farmers’awareness of crop insurance was high, and their participating behaviors and willingness had a positive relationship with the income, and the income of the farmers is an important factor for the insufficiency of effective demand for crop insurance. According to the analysis, the paper proposed some policy suggestions, such as strengthening the promotion of crop insurance, increasing premium subsidies, perfecting policies and regulations, and standardizing the regulation of crop insurance market.

  Studies on Sustainable Development of Grain Production Capability in Chongqing 2014, 30 (32):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0451 Abstract + ( 580 )   PDF ( 541KB )   ( 511 ) Scientific prediction of potential grain production for country or area can provide the theory basis for reasonable formulation of approaches to ensure increase in grain production and food safety. The author analyzed the capital yield of rice, maize and wheat as well as the sustainable development of grain production capacity in Chongqing and the balance of grain supply and demand based on the data from 2000 to 2010, and used the method of multivariate linear regression and grey model. The ability of sustainable development of grain production is strong in Chongqing, its self-sufficiency rate of grain is gradually improved. The grain production can meet the demand in Chongqing in the future.

  Analysis of the Relationship Between Urban Agriculture and Ecological Environment Coordinated Development:Taking Lanzhou City as An Example 2014, 30 (32):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0608 Abstract + ( 636 )   PDF ( 604KB )   ( 557 ) The study aims to explore the coordinated development relationship between the ecological environment and urban agriculture in inland valley basin city. The author took Lanzhou City as an example, built a comprehensive index system both of urban agriculture development and of ecological environment, using the coordinated development degree model, conducted quantitative analysis of the relationship between urban agriculture and ecological environment coordinated development from 2002 to 2012 in Lanzhou City. The results showed that comprehensive index of both the urban agriculture development and the ecological environment was rising in twists and turns, the categories of coordinated development experiences was from inharmonious to initial coordinated and to good stages in the whole process, the development ways of urban agricultural in Lanzhou City had become the main influencing factors.

  Investigation of Specialized Farmers Cooperatives Development in Xiangtan County Hunan Province —From Accelerating the Construction of New Agricultural-based Operating System Perspective 2014, 30 (32):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0514 Abstract + ( 598 )   PDF ( 504KB )   ( 628 ) Professional farmer’s cooperatives are an important force in the new agricultural management system. The development of farmers' professional cooperatives in Xiangtan County has steadily improved agricultural scale management level and the degree of organization, and promoted the transformation of the mode of agricultural operation and innovation management system. At present, the farmer’s cooperatives are generally small in scale, with low service level, weak brand awareness and limited economic strength. The cooperatives lack management talent, development potential and internal management system, and the operation mechanism needs to be regulated. The interests of farmers are not guaranteed, the supporting laws and regulations are not clear, government support is limited, and the preferential policies could not be fully implemented. Relying on the professional farmer’s cooperatives, to speed up the construction of a new system of agricultural operation need stabilize and strengthen cooperative scale, standardize organizational form and operating mechanism, support the implementation of the policy, enrich cooperation type, and then promote the intensive, systematized, specialized and socialized agriculture.

  Current Situation of Public Participation in Chinese Low-carbon Development: Analysis of Public Participation Differences between the Urban and Rural Areas 2014, 30 (32):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2183 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 592KB )   ( 769 ) Based on the national random sample questionnaire data, the paper aims to analyze the objective characteristics of the awareness and action of low-carbon development of urban and rurazl public in China. The results show that there are significant differences between the urban and rural public in cognition, willingness and behavior about the low-carbon development. After discussing the reasons of the differences, this paper proposes differentiated advices aiming at the differentiated characteristics of the urban and rural public.

  The Impact of Rural Floating Population on Agricultural Economic: Empirical Research Based on Shanghai 2014, 30 (32):  96-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0610 Abstract + ( 568 )   PDF ( 547KB )   ( 445 ) In order to understand the influence of rural floating population on the agricultural economy and maintain the regional food security, this paper took Shanghai as an example for study based on the total output value in respect of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industries and rural floating population data from 1992 to 2012 in Shanghai. It analyzed the relationship between the rural floating population and planting, forestry, animal farming and fishery industries, and the contribution degree of rural floating population on farming, forestry, animal farming and fishery industries by using grey correlation and the modified Douglas production function. The results showed that the correlation between the rural floating population and 4 related industries are very high, and the contribution value to the farming industry and animal husbandry is quite positive, the contribution value to the forestry and fishery industry is negative. On this basis, this paper also made some suggestions to guide the rural floating population to the farming industry and animal husbandry, which would be very conducive to the development of agricultural economy.

  Research of Cultivated Land Circulation Policy Based on the Needs of Business 2014, 30 (32):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1436 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 461KB )   ( 671 ) Land circulation is a hot topic in China. Farmland circulation is directly influenced by supply and demand. The paper analyzed the farmland circulation and its policy from the perspective of business requirements. The main research conclusion is that land circulation becomes the premise condition of scale management. Among them, the farmland circulation costs influence farmland demand, thus influence farmland scale, farmers' income increasing, agricultural modernization and urbanization. China is undergoing early transformation of traditional agriculture, the market mechanism is not sound, farmland conversion cost is greatly affected by policy factors. Finally, based on the perspective of farmland business demand, the authors put forward the rural land circulation policy giving consideration to both‘fairness’and‘efficiency’according to Chinese situation.

  A Study on Economic Restrictive Correction of Potential Consolidation of Rural Residential Area Transforming to Cultivated Land 段宝玲, and 2014, 30 (32):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0948 Abstract + ( 612 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 511 ) This paper studied the economic restrictive correction of cultivated land which is transformed from the potential consolidation of rural residential area. By evaluation of economic feasibility, the study constructed indexes system and adopted multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, AHP, the method of literature and consulting with experts, and obtained the scores on economic adaption of each studying area and determined the coefficient of economic restrictive correction on the transformation of cultivated land from rural residential area consolidation. The results showed that Tianjin’s districts can be divided into three categories on the basis of the economic restriction for cultivated land potential transforming from the consolidation of rural residential area: (1) no economic restriction district, 1≥a（coefficient of economic restrictive correction）≥0.6, included three districts: Xiqing District, Beichen District and Dongli District; (2)certain economic restriction district, 0.6＞a ≥0.3, included six districts: Tanggu Distircrt, Jinnan District, Wuqing District, Ninghe District, Hangu District and Dagang District; (3)large economic restriction district, 0.3＞a ≥0, included three districts: Ji District, Baodi District and Jinghai District. The economic restriction of Tianjin districts makes a great difference on cultivated land transforming potential under many economic influence factors.

  Measurement of the Farmers’Willingness of Rural Residential Land Exits Base on the Logic Regression Model: A Study on Four villages of Yuquan Town 2014, 30 (32):  114-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0547 Abstract + ( 583 )   PDF ( 617KB )   ( 612 ) This paper used questionnaire survey and Logic regression analysis, took four villages of Yuquan Town, Tianshui City for example, to analyze the influence factors of farmers’willingness of rural residential land exits and understand app:addword:comprehendthe farmers’attitudes and ideas, in order to carry out related work to stimulate farmers’willingness and ensure the stability of rural residential land exits. The results of the Logic regression analysis showed that the farmers’willingness of rural residential land exits had a significant positive correlation with the vocational skills they possessed, the numbers of migrant workers in the family, the household income and the number of family homestead, and had a significant negative relationship with farmers’age，the proportion of agricultural income and (household) total area of homestead. Based on the conclusions from the Logic regression analysis, the article offered some policy suggestions to stimulate farmers' quit willingness: improve the compensation standard, train farmers’vocational skills, increase their income and so on.

  The Analysis of Agriculture Technology Demand Behavior and Influence Factors of Rice Peasant Household ——Based on Survey of Peasant Household from the Jiansanjiang Administration of Agricultural Areas in Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (32):  122-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0507 Abstract + ( 598 )   PDF ( 773KB )   ( 530 ) The respondents of the study are reclamation farmers from 32 working areas of 11 farms of Jiansanjiang of Heilongjiang Province, field survey of reclamation farmers’demand for agricultural technology was conducted. The survey found that agricultural technology which was urgently needed by reclamation farmers was“an upgraded version of the traditional agricultural technology”. The most preferred technology was high-quality and high-yield new varieties, the second choice was soil testing and fertilizer technology and low residue pesticide，the third was precise pest control techniques. The key factors that affected reclamation farmers’choice of agricultural technology included education level, age, family economic conditions and sources of information. Among them, family economic structure influenced most on reclamation farmers’ adoption of new technologies, followed by the complexity of agricultural technology itself. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of reclamation farmers for new agricultural technologies，demonstration role is important in the promotion of agricultural science and technology. It is suggested to discover and cultivate leading farmers in scientific and technological demonstration, and promote some simple, applicable and low cost agricultural technologies.

  An Empirical Research on the Factors Impacting the Consumption of Rural Migrant Families 王莉 2014, 30 (32):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1259 Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 583KB )   ( 494 ) Problems of rural workers have attracted much attention in the process of industrialization. Study on the consumption of rural migrant families is of great significance on expanding domestic demand, as well as to the promotion of urbanization．Using sample data of 998 rural migrant families, this paper analyzed the factors impacting the rural migrant families’consumption in their working places from three aspects: income, family characteristics and uncertainty. The results indicate that: income factor has a significant effect on the overall household consumption, resident expenditure and recreational venues; family characteristics, such as cultural level, job and children status, have different impacts on different consumption expenditures; tenement has a significant impact on the overall household consumption and residential expenditure; the health factor is significantly negative connected with medical expenditures. Therefore, in order to improve the consumption level of the rural migrant families and enlarge the consumption potential, on the one hand, it is important to increase the rural migrant families’income; on the other hand, it is helpful to improve the cultural level of the rural migrant workers, and it is necessary to perfect social security system so as to reduce the impact of the uncertainty factors on the rural migrant families.

  Survey of Agricultural Biological Resources and Traditional Knowledge in Hani National Minority, Yunnan Province 2014, 30 (32):  138-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0499 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 810KB )   ( 628 ) The investigation, collection and arrangement of agricultural biological resources and traditional knowledge related to work and life of the Hani national minority were carried out in 23 villages distributed in 18 townships in Yuanyang, Jinping, Yuanjiang, Jiangcheng, Menghai, Jinggu, Menglian, Lancang counties, Yunnan Province in 2007-2008. The survey collected accessions of 299 agricultural biological resources. They were distributed into food crops, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and oil crops according to the utility, accouted for 48.2%, 21.7%, 18.4%, 7.7% and 2.0% of collected samples respectively. Survey also found that the rural social economy of Hani National Minority depended mainly on the planting and breeding. So the agro-bioresources were most basic production material for sustaining the Hani National Minority rural social development. In this paper, the current situation of local agricultural biological resources, the reasons for the growth and decline of collected resources were analyzed. The utilization protection and development of the agricultural biological resources were discussed.

  Simulations and Analysis of Ventilation in the Double-layer-arch Greenhouse Based on the CFD in Jianghuai Region 2014, 30 (32):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2271 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 2387KB )   ( 514 ) In recent years, the double-layer arch greenhouse in Jianghuai region has come into being, but the shed-type has not been determined, the micro-climate issues in the production of the greenhouse need to be studied further. This paper introduced the application and research progress of the double- layer arch greenhouse and built a 3D model for the double-layer arch by using AutoCAD and ProE, then simplified the 3D model into 2D model and divided it on the basis of structured grids. In addition, the ground and plastic film covering of the external shed was handled as temperature wall, and the internal shed was regarded as thermal transmission wall. According to the ventilation effect, numerical simulations were done through tubular and single-sided ventilation respectively for double arch greenhouses. The results showed that temperature in inner layer and internal shed was uniformly distributed and heat in greenhouses could be taken away under the circumstances of tubular ventilation, which was beneficial to the structural stability of double-layer shed and guaranteed the conspicuous ventilation effect. Temperature showed a ladder-like increase from the entrance of internal shed to the other side under the circumstances of ventilation of single- sided. The highest inner temperature could reach 329 K and the maximum temperature difference could be 29 K. The heat conservation showed a uniform distribution and stayed almost stable, so tubular ventilation did well to the double-layer greenhouses. The simulation and analysis result provided a necessary theoretical basis for further promotion and study of the double-layer arch greenhouses.

  Study on Prediction Model of Urban Construction Land Scale A Case Study of Xingtai in Hebei Province 2014, 30 (32):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0495 Abstract + ( 599 )   PDF ( 747KB )   ( 596 ) Many domestic experts and scholars had made multiple perspective explorations on the scale of urban land by using reasonable methods. In order to analyze and forecast the scale of construction land of Xingtai City in Hebei Province, the author chose 2 mature prediction models: the multiple linear regression analysis and BP neural network, which were very effective tools in the similar study over the world. But the prediction results of 2 models were not satisfied, a depth analysis of the reasons showed that it was the ignoring of the irrational factors on the impact of urban construction land. So the author advised to use the behavioral finance theory to study the land market participants’cognitive biases in decision process, improving the validity of the prediction model, which could be more scientific to urban space formation mechanism and evolution.

  Thermodynamic Process of Zn2+ Adsorbed on Humic Acid Extracted from Albic Soil Fitted by the Non-linear Curve from the Origin 7.0 Software 2014, 30 (32):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0521 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 759KB )   ( 1448 ) The non-linear fitting of thermodynamic adsorption process based on the Origin 7.0 software was not only simple and accurate, but also visually expressive. The humic acid (HA) extracted from albic soil as a sorbent was adopted to carry out the thermodynamic study of adsorbingZn2+ . Combined with Origin 7.0 software, the adsorption process was described in 2 ways. The results showed that: there were several similarities existed in 3 thermodynamic curves under the conditions of three temperatures (293, 303 and 313 K). At the low range ofZn2+ initial concentration, the adsorption curve increased approximately like a straight line, and withZn2+ concentration increasing, the rising level of adsorption curve became slowly, and then gradually the adsorbed capacity reached at equilibrium. In comparison, the adsorption ofZn2+ into HA increased gradually with increasing temperature, especially at the high initial concentration ofZn2+. The best description about adsorption process between HA andZn2+ was found in the Langmuir equation. Under the same condition, the fitting effect of self-defined parameters in the Origin software was better than the inherent equation existed in Origin itself.

  A Review of Impacts of Drought on Agro-ecosystem 2014, 30 (32):  165-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0295 Abstract + ( 695 )   PDF ( 551KB )   ( 623 ) The author reviewed recent progress to understand the impacts of drought on agricultural ecosystems. The impacts of drought on accumulation and distribution of dry matter could be mainly well analyzed from cell to individual crop based on field experiments. Drought could significantly reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis through decreasing the stomatal conductance and the activity of enzyme. In the early stages of crop growing season, drought could properly increase the dry matter that transferred to root and improve water use efficiency, while in the middle and late stages, drought could directly affect above-ground biomass synthesis and reduce the crop yield. However, drought was a regional disaster which could last for a long time and affect various types of crop. The field observation was costly in time and resource, and the remote sensing could not reflect the impacts of drought on different types of crop. Along with the development of simulation technology, crop growth model based on the field observation could be effectively used for regional analysis. It could also accurately reflect the impacts of drought on different crops through different crop parameters. Crop growth model has become an important tool to carry out the impacts of drought on agricultural ecosystems.

  Research on Spatial-temporal Changes and the Driving Force of Land Use in the Yellow River Delta 2014, 30 (32):  172-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0356 Abstract + ( 693 )   PDF ( 976KB )   ( 744 ) As the most potential big river delta, the Yellow River Delta has distinct land resource advantages, good location and abundant natural resources. The author took Dongying City as the study area and analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of land use from 1992 to 2010 in this area, and explored the socioeconomic factors and driving force of human activities which caused the land use change. The results showed: (1) The overall trend was the increase of building land, water body, salt pan and forest area, and the decrease of the arable land, intertidal zone, grassland and unused land. Among the changes, building land increased by 5.92%. (2) The study area mainly switched among cultivated land, building land, salt pan and water body. There were 355.79 km2 arable land became building land, 225.75 km2 intertidal zone became salt pan. The conversion between cultivated land, salt pan, building land and water body occurred frequently. (3) The number of eight kinds of land plaque was reduced to 32892 from 51650. And 7 landscape indicators in arable land were reduced. (4) The analysis of driving factor in land- use change of the research area indicated that policy guidance was the main factor to influence land-use change in the area; while the rising population and rapid urbanization were the direct driving force to a significant reduction of arable land.

  Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Limiting Factors of Medium-low Yield Farmland in Tianjin 潘洁,吕雄杰,肖辉 and 陆文龙 2014, 30 (32):  178-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0767 Abstract + ( 837 )   PDF ( 637KB )   ( 630 ) This paper aimed to understand the area change and distribution of medium-low yield farmland, and offered basis to the improvement of medium-low cropland and its increase of grain production in Tianjin. Based on the statistical date of Tianjin and its relevant counties and districts, the yield standard was set up to classify high- yield, medium- yield and low- yield cropland in Tianjin. The author analyzed area change of medium-low yield cropland in six agricultural counties and districts (including Jixian County, Wuqing District, Baodi District, Ninghe County, Jinghai County and Dagang of Binghai New Area) from 1980 to 2010. The results showed that the average yield of grain rose from 2445 kg/hm2 in 1980 to 5130 kg/hm2 in 2010, increasing 109.82%. The area of medium-low yield cropland was reduced from 291 250.13 hm2 in 1985 to 76489.87 hm2 in 2010, coming down 74% . In Tianjin, the area of medium- low yield farmland of 2010 accounted for 19% of the total cropland, of which the ratios of medium-low yield cropland of Jinghai County, Jixian County, Dagang of Binghai New Area, Wuqing District, Baodi District and Ninghe County were 43.12%, 18.59%, 17.23%, 14.01%, 7.05% and 0, respectively. Low soil nutrient content, drought and water shortage, soil salinization were the main yield limiting factors to medium-low yield cropland in Tianjin in 2010. The countermeasures to improve the medium- low yield cropland were proposed, involving enhancing the investment of the government, strengthening the construction of water conservancy infrastructure, further improving the soil fertility, as well as saline and alkaline land, optimizing the farming system and planting drought and salt tolerance crops, etc.

  The Research of Land Fragmentation Based on Landscape Pattern Index: Taking Beiyuan District in Linxia of Gansu Province as An Example 2014, 30 (32):  184-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0327 Abstract + ( 698 )   PDF ( 633KB )   ( 656 ) Using Beiyuan District in Linxia, Gansu Province as an example, the author researched the main factors of its land fragmentation and took the landscape pattern as a new perspective to construct the landfragmentation test system of the landscape pattern index, in order to reduce the agriculture production cost and the land use efficiency. Based on landscape pattern principle, the author adapted ArcGIS, Fragstats, SPSS and other software to calculate the land fragmentation index, and confirmed the main factors of land fragmentation in Beiyuan County, then constructed land fragmentation measurement system. The results showed that the five selected indexes were significant to measure land fragmentation for Beiyuan Area and could comprehensively reflect the influence of the area, shape, distribution and other factors to land fragmentation. Small average area, large amount of land parcels and complex shape were the main reasons that led to land fragmentation in Beiyuan Area. Through the research, the author constructed the land fragmentation measurement system in Beiyuan Area and calculated the land fragmentation level for 9 counties.

  The Status Quo of Mulching Film Residues in Representative Regions of Guangdong Province 2014, 30 (32):  189-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0391 Abstract + ( 545 )   PDF ( 591KB )   ( 411 ) In order to investigate the field residues of mulching film and their relative impact factors in typical areas of Guangdong Province, 2 typical mulching film-crops and 6 mulching film-fields were selected as the investigation samples in Boluo County of Huizhou City. The results showed that significant difference in residues of film was observed among different fields. The film residue was averagely 45.0 kg/hm2 in the 0- 30 cm soil layer in 2013. As compared to 2011, the residue of film in 6 fields showed varied degrees of increase. The film was mainly distributed in the top soil (0-20 cm) which occupied more than 80% of the total. Except for the film, other solid pollutants residues were 0.36-36.4 kg/hm2. Furthermore, the ratio of other solid pollutants residues to the total solid pollutants in different fields showed remarkable difference and the highest value of 70.4% were observed. The residue of other solid pollutant in soil should not be neglected. The film residue depends heavily on the film recovery. In the future, the government should strengthen publicity on the harmful effects of film residues and encourage to draft relative policies on film recovery.

  Heavy Metals Pollution Evaluation of Arable Layer Soil in Baiyin Based on Improved AHP and GIS 2014, 30 (32):  194-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0533 Abstract + ( 496 )   PDF ( 876KB )   ( 830 ) Determining weights of heavy metal contamination is important in the soil environment quality assessment. Weights of heavy metal contamination were computed according to impacts of heavy metals on human health by using improved classical analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in the soil environment quality assessment. Aiming at the problem of soils heavy metal pollutions in Baiyin which is a resources city and a typical mining city, the author evaluated the effects of heavy metals of cultivated land by GIS and weighted mean method. The results showed that: among the 5 heavy metals, the variation degree from big to small was As, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb. The integrated pollution index of soil heavy metals was 0.48, which meant the soil in study area was security. The correlation analysis showed extremely significant positive correlation between Pb and Zn, Pb and Cu, Zn and Cu. The space distribution of soil heavy metals pollution revealed that most of the arable layer soil in Baiyin District was at security level, only the central and southeastern parts of the region was at light pollution levels. Finally, the result of grade evaluation of the heavy metal pollution of cultivated land showed: bottom level, safety level, tarnished level, pollution level accounted for 24.83%, 70.33%, 2.72%,

  Evaluation of Soil Environment Quality of Paddy Field in Jiangdu District of Yangzhou City 刘绍贵,,,, and 2014, 30 (32):  201-208.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0425 Abstract + ( 562 )   PDF ( 1072KB )   ( 534 ) Jiangdu District of Yangzhou City is considered as one of the national large-scale high-quality rice production bases, and its’paddy field environment quality condition is closely bound up with the rice growth, food security, ecological environment and human health. The author analyzed the cumulated pollution index, single subject pollutant index and integrated pollutant index of 8 major heavy metals and two organic pollutants (666 and DDT) on the cultivated soil of Jiangdu District in Yangzhou City to estimate the soil quality. The results showed that: there’s no clear phenomenon of accumulation of heavy metals and organic pollutants in the paddy field soil of Jiangdu District; the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, 666 and DDT in all samplings reached the standards of Environmental Technical Terms for Green Food Production Area at 100%; the content of Hg, As and Pb in about 98.7% samplings were in conformity to the standards of Environmental Technical Terms for Green Food Production Area; about 94.8% samplings reached the clean level, and only 3.9% samplings remained at the lower level of clean. From the above, the author came to a conclusion that the cultivated soil of Jiangdu District did not obviously polluted by heavy metal or 666 or DDT, and the soil quality could satisfy the security producing condition for agricultural products.

  Adsorption Characteristics of Topramezone in Soil 2014, 30 (32):  209-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0525 Abstract + ( 641 )   PDF ( 596KB )   ( 570 ) Topramezone was a new broad-spectrum herbicide used in corn field. The study was to evaluate the environmental behavior of topramezone in soil. The adsorption of topramezone in 5 soils was studied in the laboratory by using vibrating equilibrium method. The results indicated that adsorption of substance in 5 soil samples and adsorption of humic acid tested were well fitted with Freundlich model, with the adsorption coefficients respectively as Nong’an calcium soil 9.44, Yongji white pulp soil 8.98, Lishu black soil 16.02, Qianguo sodic soil 7.83, Liuhe gray brown soil 29.37. Topramezone showed medium absorption in the gray brown soil, but more difficult adsorption in the remaining 4 soils. Adsorption with changes of free energy was less than 40 kJ/mol, which was a type of physical adsorption. The sorption constants of soil to topramezone were positively related to both the contents of soil organic matter and the contents of soil CEC, however negatively related to the contents of soil pH. Adsorption coefficient of humic acid was 177.40, demonstrating that humic acids had a strong adsorption with topramezone. After Adding humic acids in black soil and sodic soil, the adsorption coefficient changed to 17.98 and 9.80, proving that the humic acid has a certain influence on adsorption of topramezone in the soil.

  Effects of Different Cropping Pattern on Ground Water and Economic Water Use Efficiency in the Hebei Low Plain 2014, 30 (32):  214-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0532 Abstract + ( 710 )   PDF ( 658KB )   ( 512 ) Hebei low plain is the most overdraft area in the world and it is also one of the main food production regions in China. Different cropping patterns play very important role in water resources use and food safety. In order to investigate the utilization of water resources and food production, 12 kinds of cropping pattern including one crop per year, double crops per year and three crops for every two years were analyzed in Cangzhou City. Field experimental results and the regional historical data analysis were used to evaluate the water consumption, grain yield, water use efficiency and the effects on the groundwater. The results showed that the winter wheat - summer maize double cropping pattern had the highest water consumption (1683 mm), yield (30000 kg/hm2) and lowest economic water use efficiency and benefits [2.61 yuan/(mm·hm2)], which had the greatest impact on ground water balance. The cropping pattern for one crop per year had the least effect on the ground water balance. Comprehensive consideration from the ground water use and benefit, the cropping pattern for cotton - winter wheat- summer maize was the best cropping pattern [12.2 yuan/(mm·hm2)]. Therefore, the optimal cropping pattern in the Cangzhou City was the cotton - winter wheat - summer maize cropping pattern.

  Analysis on Change Characteristics of the Thermal Resource in Longdong Plateau and the Influence on Agricultural Production 2014, 30 (32):  221-226.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0454 Abstract + ( 646 )   PDF ( 689KB )   ( 511 ) In order to study the change of heat resources in Longdong Area and improve the capacity of agricultural meteorological services, the author analyzed change features of the air temperature data from 1960 to 2013 in Huanxian, Qingcheng and Xifeng, three representative areas in Qingyang. The results showed that in the past 54 years, the annual average temperature of Qingyang nrose in volatility, but had their own characteristics. Farming days increased and crop planting boundary went northward with diversity. The heat resources increased and were most abundant in the central plain area. The end of the last frost date showed a trend shifting to an earlier time, crops suffered from frost damage were reduced. It was suggested that according to the climate change, the industrial structure of agriculture should be adjusted and optimized, both technological input in characteristic agriculture and agriculture facilities and proportion of autumn crops should be increased. At the same time, scientific and effective prevention of natural disasters caused by the increased heat resources should be carried out to realize the sustainable development of agricultural production.

  Analysis on Risk of Agricultural Drought During Crops Growing Period over Nearly 60 Years 2014, 30 (32):  227-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0510 Abstract + ( 563 )   PDF ( 580KB )   ( 477 ) The author adopted meteorological data from meteorological stations in Yebaishou and Liaoxi from 1953 to 2012 to assess and evaluate agricultural water consumption, atmospheric precipitation, and agricultural water demand satisfaction in Liaoxi area during agricultural production, as well as frequency of drought in different periods by integral humidity index, water balance and humidity index. The results showed that: from 1953 to 2012, the atmospheric precipitation decreased during agricultural production, climate change rate was -9.343 mm/10 a; agricultural water consumption increased, and climate change rate was 6.996 mm/10 a; the average humidity gap during agricultural production period was - 136 mm. The agricultural satisfaction of precipitation resource was 76.3%, and the probability of precipitation shortage was 90.0%. In Liaoxi, the climate during agricultural production period was semi-humid and semi-arid, years with severe drought and more accounted for 5.0 %; over past 10 years, drought risk increased by about 10%. Generally, rainfall was reducing in west Liaoning, but the water consumption was increasing, agricultural water demand satisfaction was declining, drought risk was growing. With climate warming in west Liaoning, the climate during crops growing period was transforming from semi-humid and semi-arid climate to semi-arid climate over recent 10 years.

  Study on the Changes of Agricultural Climate Resources and Effects on Agriculture in Hainan Island from 1961 to 2011 2014, 30 (32):  232-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0885 Abstract + ( 549 )   PDF ( 1650KB )   ( 618 ) Based on the meteorological observation data from 1961 to 2011 in Hainan Province, by using linear trend estimation and M- K mutation test, the variation characteristics and trends of agricultural climate resources and agriculture meteorology disasters in Hainan Island were analyzed. The results showed that: in recent 50 years the average annual, seasonal average and ≥ 10℃accumulated temperature all presented a clearly increasing trend（P ＜0.05）,with the tendency ratios of climate were 0.22℃/10a, 0.17℃/10a, 0.18℃/10a, 0.22℃/10a, 0.29℃/10a, 173.89℃/10a, respectively, while the increase was most obvious for annual mean minimum and winter average temperature, abrupt changes occurred in the late 1980s. Annual precipitation, which was unevenly distributed within the year for summer and autumn that contributed more than 70%, presented a weak increasing trend, the number of annual precipitation days reached storm rainfall grade presented a clearly increasing trend. Annual sunshine hours had obviously decreased by 57.58h/10a and abrupt changed in early late 1990s. Frequency of tropical cyclones landing in Hainan island was reduced while the destruction enhanced; the drought disaster had an obvious inter- annual fluctuation; due to the rise of temperatures, threat of cold injury and chilling damages reduced. In general, the agricultural climate resources in Hainan Island had warming and drying trend with the more abundant heat resources, more sufficient water and light resources, even more serious tropical cyclone disasters. Based on the above analysis, the effects of climate change on tropical agriculture and agricultural measures to cope with it were discussed which may provide a scientific basis for making full use of favorable climatic resources and adjusting crop production layout.

  Air Temperature Variation Characteristics of Recent 50 Years in Yushe County 2014, 30 (32):  242-249.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0899 Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 838KB )   ( 672 ) In order to master the characteristics of temperature variation of Yushe county, providing theoretical basis for carrying out scientific research of the poverty alleviation by ecological agriculture project, based on the temperature data of Yushe county from 1961 to 2010, the variation trend and characteristics of temperatures change in Yushe county were analyzed by adopting such statistical methods as linear tendency estimation, correlation coefficient analysis, moving average and Mann-Kendall test. The results showed that: The temperature had a rising tendency in recent 50 years, the tendency rate of temperature change was 0.08℃/10a. The annual average maximum temperatures, winter average temperature, annual extreme maximum temperatures and spring average temperature were in the increasing trend, and their tendency rate are 0.30℃/10a, 0.28℃/10a, 0.21℃/10a and 0.12℃/10a, respectively, while the annual extreme minimum temperatures, summer average temperature, annual average minimum temperature and autumn average temperature were in the decreasing trend, and their tendency rate were -0.30℃/10a, -0.04℃/10a, -0.03℃/10a and -0.02℃/10a. The period of evident rising was the 1990s, and the cooling trend was in the 1980s, annual average daily range of temperature presented increasing trend, and reached to the maximum in the 1990s. The largest contribution to the climate warming was rising of daytime temperature in winter and spring, and the temperature had an evident warming mutation in the middle-late 1980s to the late 1990s.

  Analyses of Variation Characteristics of the Precipitation in the North of LiangShan City in Recent 50 Years 2014, 30 (32):  250-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0675 Abstract + ( 603 )   PDF ( 944KB )   ( 708 ) Based on the annual precipitation data in the north of LiangShan city (GanLuo, YueXi, MianNing and XiDe) during 1961 to 2010, linear regression, trend analysis and Mann-Kendall Method were used to analyze the characteristics of precipitation trend and characteristics. The results show that yearly mean precipitation has an increasing tendency during recent 50 years, the change rate is 38.7 mm/10a (across α= 0.05 significant test). Analyzing the tendency of the annual precipitation change rate, there are less drought and more floods in recent 50 years. (Drought only occurred once in GanLuo in 1972.) Heavy rain has an overall increasing trend with the passing of years, and a significant increase from the north to the south. Through M-K test of precipitation, there are increasing trend of mutations of annual precipitation in GanLuo, YueXi and XiDe, a significantly decreasing trend in GanLuo.

  Comparison of Two Strong Precipitation Processes in Guizhou in Mid July of 2012 2014, 30 (32):  256-262.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2057 Abstract + ( 515 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 468 ) The regional severe precipitation occurred in Guizhou in mid July of 2012. We divided the rainfall process into two stages and compared them by diagnostic analysis in terms of impacts system and formation mechanisms, using the NCEP/NCAR 1o×1oreanalysis data by 6 hours, the conventional meteorological data and surface observation data encryption. The results show that: the first stage belongs to the convective precipitation and the influencing systems mainly contain upper trough, middle and low level shear lines and low-level jet. The surface convergence line is the dominant factor of the first stage strong rainfall. The second stage is mainly affected by the altitude system (upper trough and low vortex) influence, and belongs to both convective and stable precipitation. The water vapor flux convergence center and strength can well indicate strong precipitation drop zone. Atmospheric instability is more likely to cause short- time severe convective weather. The configuration of middle and low level cyclonic vorticity and upper level anticyclonic vorticity is more conducive to the strong precipitation.

  Spatiotemporal Variability of Annual Evaporation and the Impact of Meteorological Factors in Hunan Province 2014, 30 (32):  263-268.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0874 Abstract + ( 586 )   PDF ( 953KB )   ( 512 ) Based on surface observation data of meteorological stations in Hunan Province from 1971 to 2012, the spatiotemporal variability of annual pan evaporation (PE) and the major meteorological factors were analyzed by using linear regression, EOF, correlation analysis and relative weighting method. The results showed that: the annual mean total PE in Hunan Province presented an insignificant decreasing trend in the past 42 years; the annual mean PE had an evident interdecadal fluctuation in most regions, it had significant decreasing trends in the central of Hunan and most areas of east Hunan, but significant increasing trends in eastern part of southwest Hunan, and there was no significant trends in other areas. In addition, there were significant relationship between PE with sunshine duration, precipitation, mean air temperature, diurnal temperature range and vapor pressure deficit. PE had the highest positive correlation with sunshine duration and the highest negative correlation with precipitation; furthermore, the leading factors in regions with decreasing PE and increasing PE were the reduction in sunshine duration and precipitation, respectively.

  Features on Location, Track and Intensity of Typhoon Damrey After It Entering into Bohai Sea 2014, 30 (32):  269-275.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0376 Abstract + ( 1129 )   PDF ( 1842KB )   ( 627 ) The study aims to identify the characteristics of the path of typhoon northward, the method to locate typhoon center and the major factors of storms caused by typhoon. Based on historical database retrieval system as well as high level and surface data, the author analyzed features of the location, track and intensity changes of typhoon Damrey after it entered into Bohai sea and its synoptic and dynamic mechanism. Results showed that: (1) typhoon center location could be subjectively determined by surface wind convergence along with depression when typhoon cloud was not significant; (2) Track of typhoon Damrey was influenced, on one hand by interaction and combination with westerly trough in mid and high latitudes, and on the other hand by jet stream over the southwest side of subtropical high (SH), which was enhanced by the binary typhoons on the south side of SH, and the path of typhoon Damrey was mainly affected by the edge flow of SH; (3) Damrey was mainly weakened by low SST and invasion of lower level cold air.

  Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Climatic Forecast of the Cold Dew Wind First Day in Anhui Province 2014, 30 (32):  276-281.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0279 Abstract + ( 639 )   PDF ( 571KB )   ( 550 ) Based on the daily mean air temperature data of the area along and south to the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the cold dew wind first day and the relationship between the cold dew wind first day and the air temperature of September were analyzed. Furthermore, the stepwise regression method was used to establish the climatic forecast model of the regional cold dew wind first day based on the earlier physical factors. Results showed that the cold dew wind early day was generally earlier in the area south to the Yangtze River than in the area along the Yangtze River and was earlier in the eastern part along the Yangtze River compared to the western part. The average date of the cold dew wind first day obviously postponed 2-3 days during 1981 to 2010 compared to the period during 1961 to 1990. Under the background of global warming, the cold dew wind first day of the area along and south to the Yangtze River showed a delayed trend during 1961 to 2010. The trend was most significant in the eastern part along the Yangtze River, followed by the eastern and southern parts south to the Yangtze River, and the northern part was less significant. Several features of the cold dew wind first day and the air temperature of September, including the mean climatic state, the spatial distribution of change trends and the temporal evolution characteristics during 1961 to 2013 were fairly consistent. This would provide a scientific basis for using the air temperature trend of September to forecast the trend of the cold dew wind first day. The regional cold dew wind first day still appeared to advance abnormally although the entire trend postponed during 1961 to 2013. The forecast model of the regional cold dew wind first day based on the earlier physical factors was significantly better than the method directly using the air temperature of September, whether for the cross-examination period from 1981 to 2010 or for the independent testing period from 2011 to 2013.

  The Quantification Relations Study Between Various Microclimate Environment Factors in Sunlight Greenhouse 2014, 30 (32):  282-287.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0359 Abstract + ( 560 )   PDF ( 811KB )   ( 472 ) To understand the quantitative relations between various microclimate environment factors in the sunlight greenhouse has positive significance to effectively regulate the balance of microclimate in greenhouse and promote the vegetables’vigorous and healthy growth. Based on the microclimate monitoring data in the sunlight greenhouse over the years, the author studied the quantification relations between the temperature and humidity, solar radiation accepted in the greenhouse for different seasons. The results showed that there was high relevance between the maximum temperature, the smallest relative humidity and the accepted solar radiation, the best relevance was in winter, followed by that in autumn and relevance in spring was the worst. In autumn and spring, if the daily maximum temperature was required as 20℃in the greenhouse, the daily accepted solar radiation should reach 100 W/m2 above, but in the winter, it needs to be 250 W/m2 above. When the maximum daily accepted solar radiation was below 250 W/m2, the probability of the daily maximum temperature below 10℃was 9% in the greenhouse. In winter, the daily maximum temperature below 20℃while the daily relative humidity over 90% accounted for the proportion of 20% in the greenhouse. In autumn and spring, when the maximum daily accepted solar radiation was 420 W/m2 and 500 W/m2 above respectively, the daily minimum air relative humidity might drop to below 40% in the greenhouse.

  Research on Characteristics and Potentials of Multiple Crop Index in Yunnan Province 2014, 30 (32):  288-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2088 Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 848KB )   ( 754 ) For fully understanding the utilization of crop land in Yunnan Province, protecting and rationally utilizing the crop land, based on the statistical data from 2003 to 2012, this paper chose multiple crop index to evaluate the intensive utilization of the crop land macroscopically in Yunnan by regional comparison, temporal variation analysis, spatial difference analysis and potential calculation. The results showed that, the multiple crop index of Yunnan was far lower than that of the national average, and it’s also the lowest value in Southwest China, which included Sichuan, Guangxi and Guizhou. In addition, the multiple crop index of all cities (prefectures) in Yunnan showed a rising tendency as a whole, the central area had a high index, the index of the northern area was uneven and the southern area had the lowest index. The research indicated that the southern area of Yunnan had the most abandoning crop land and the greatest potentials of multiple crop index, and should be regarded as the future key area to reform farming system, implement irrigation and drainage engineering and improve efficiency and productivity of crop land.

  Contrast Analysis of Supervised Classification and Decision Tree Method to Extract the Qinzhou Bay Wetland 2014, 30 (32):  295-300.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0726 Abstract + ( 674 )   PDF ( 1261KB )   ( 692 ) Wetland ecosystem played an important role in the environment and sustainable socio-economic development. Based on the TM images in 2010 with a pretreatment of Tasseled Cap transformation, two different methods are used to extract the Qinzhou Bay coastal wetlands: Supervised Classification (SC) and Decision Trees (DT). Coastal wetlands were picked out by artificial visual interpretation as discriminant standard. The result showed that when the same evaluation template was used, the accuracy and Kappa coefficient of SC, DT was 92.00%, 0.8952 and 89.00%, 0.8582 respectively. The total area of coastal wetland was 218.3 km2 by artificial visual interpretation, and the extracted wetland area of SC, DT was 219 km2 and 193.70 km2 respectively. The result indicated that, for Qinzhou bay coastal wetland information extraction, the effect of the Supervised Classification (SC) was better than the Decision Tree (DT).

  Research on the Distribution Characteristics of the Population in Xinjiang Based On GIS 2014, 30 (32):  301-307.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0430 Abstract + ( 644 )   PDF ( 797KB )   ( 601 ) This article analyzed the spatial and temporal trends and the distribution characteristics of the population of 15 administrative districts in Xinjiang in 2000, 2005 and 2009, and researched the driving factors of the change of population, and then made the map of Xinjiang population density by GIS software. The result shows that the population of Xinjiang continues growing, population densities are largely different, and the spatial distribution of population is imbalanced. Then the article pointed that natural environment, economic level and the development of urbanization are the important factors to influence the change of population, and economic level plays an important role.

  Informatization Performance Evaluation of Chinese Fishery Administration Command System Based on AHP and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation 2014, 30 (32):  308-313.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0541 Abstract + ( 577 )   PDF ( 584KB )   ( 899 ) This paper evaluated Chinese fishery administration command system by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method which combined the factors of long-term and shortterm goals, internal processes and external information construction to realize objective evaluation of Chinese fishery administration command system. Through the study on management informatization performance evaluation, the paper provided a model on evaluation of informatization for fishery management. And the model can help the departments of fishery administration make clear the requirements and problems in construction of information system.

  The Research of Beijing Young Residents’Food Away From Home Consumption 2014, 30 (32):  314-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0322 Abstract + ( 1188 )   PDF ( 601KB )   ( 918 ) Through a sample survey of selected objects in four major urban areas of Beijing and statistical analysis of the survey results, The author came to the following conclusions: the major reasons for eating out is to seek for convenience and to save time; like it or not, food away from home had become a necessary part of modern life; income and family structure have positive impact on family FAFH expense.