Abstract: In order to explore a new way of cellulose extraction from agricultural waste, taking rice root as the material, using microwave assisted NaOH-H₂O₂ hydrolysis and oxidation of rice root cellulose prepared, the rice root cellulose were characterized and analyzed by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The authors studied the effect of microwave power, reaction time, NaOH concentration and olid- liquid ratio on rice root cellulose extraction ratio. The results showed that the best reaction condition was that NaOH concentration was 6%, microwave power was 450 W, reaction time was 3.0 min, olid-liquid ratio was 1:25. Preparation of bleaching liquid with H₂O₂ sodium silicate and 12.5 g/L, the extraction ratio of rice root cellulose was 89.3%. Therefore, microwave assisted H₂O₂ hydrolysis- oxidation in the removal of lignin with high efficiency and had little damage of cellulose structure.