Abstract: Organic matter in 488 soil samples taken from main tobacco-growing field in Xiangxi prefecture were tested in order to understand roundly regional character of organic matter. The results indicated that the overall organic matter value was suitable for tobacco growing, average value was 2.2%, amplitude was 0.3%-5.4%, variable coefficient was 39.9%. Soil samples with the organic matter value in suitable range accounted for 41.5%, soil samples with the organic matter value in “low” or “lack” range accounted for 43.5%, while in “high” or “rich” range accounted for 15.0%. The organic matter value of different tobacco-growing soil types reached extremely significant difference (P=0.000), paddy soil ＞ yellow brown loamy soil ＞ yellow soil ＞ red soil ＞ limestone soil ＞ red dust soil. As a whole, the organic matter value reduced from the northeast, west and southwest to the southeast and middle part of the prefecture. Variance analysis indicated that the organic matter content increased with the rise of elevation and there was a significantly positive correlation between the two (P=0.012). Content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available boracic had highly significant correlation with the organic matter as P value was 0.0000, 0.0098 and 0.0029, respectively, and available sulphur, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable calcium were significantly correlated with the organic matter as P value was 0.036, 0.019 and 0.042, respectively.