Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.1 Published:18 March 2015

  The Analysis of Forest Landscape Patterns in East Dongting Lake Region Based on 3S Technology Chen Wangxiong,Yang Xinrong and Li Zhenqiang 2015, 31 (1):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2594 Abstract + ( 717 )   PDF ( 945KB )   ( 610 ) In order to make optimization of forest landscape pattern, rational utilization of forest resource and scientific management in east Dongting Lake Region, forest information extraction and land use types were obtained from Landsat TM remote sensing image data of east Dongting Lake Region in 2006 and 2009 based on 3S techniques. Then 2 phase rasterized remote sensing images were imported Fragstas3.3 software and lots of landscape indices were calculated. Through 2 phase indices contrast, the representative 14 forest landscape indices were selected to analyze forest landscape patterns in east Dongting Lake Region from three aspects: the landscape structure, shape characteristics, heterogeneity and diversity. The result showed that: as the main preponderant landscape types, the mixed forest and coniferous forest presented larger plaque area, better connectedness among the patches, more complicated shape and distribution; the next was broad-leaved forest; the bamboo forest and grass presented the least area, scatter distribution and the lowest complexity in patch shape and distribution. In general, the distribution in patch type was not balanced and presented large amount of uncertain information and lower heterogeneity. As a whole, forest landscape of east Dongting Lake Region showed the tendency of extension, fragmentation and the complication so effective measures should be taken to improve forest landscape pattern.

  Interspecific Relationships of Dominant Species in Naturally Colonized Plant Communities on Coal Gob Piles of Xinglonggou Mine in Zuoyun County of Shanxi Province, China Li Yujie,Zhang Rongrong and Li Suqing 2015, 31 (1):  10-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2502 Abstract + ( 1454 )   PDF ( 614KB )   ( 390 ) In order to clarify the species composition and inter-specific relationships of naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles, the interspecific relationships among 66 species-pairs from 12 dominant species in naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles at Xinglonggou Mine in Zuoyun County of Shanxi Province were analyzed by using the χ2-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and cluster analysis. The result showed that: (1) there were respectively 36 species-pairs positive correlation and 30 species-pairs negative correlation by χ2-test and their correlation ratio was 0.83; there were respectively 19 species-pairs positive correlation and 47 species-pairs negative correlation by Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and their correlation ratio was 0.40; there were respectively 29 species-pairs positive correlation and 37 species-pairs negative correlation by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test and their correlation ratio was 0.78; compared with χ2-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was more sensitive; among the 66 species pairs, most of them were negative correlation and did not show significant relationship, which indicated that the naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles at Xinglonggou Mine were relatively fragile and were still in the early or middle stage of succession; (2) the dominant species-pairs of Elymus dahuricus, Agropyron desertorum, Ulmus glaucescens and et al. showed significantly positive correlation or positive correlation, they were the zonal distribution of plant species with strong ecological adaptability of tolerance to drought, cold weather and poor soil fertility, which could be planted in a mixed way and used as the pioneer species for local coal gob piles revegetation; while the species-pairs of dominant Pobulus simoniii with Elymus dahuricus, Agropyron desertorum and so on had different negative correlations, and thus should not be planted in such pairs in actual revegetation practice; (3) based on Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, the 12 dominant species were divided into 3 ecological species groups by cluster analysis.

  Research on Soil Ecological Stoichiometry Under Different Forest Types in Northwest Guangxi 杨保国,邓硕坤, and 2015, 31 (1):  17-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2200 Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 583KB )   ( 526 ) Soil of 3 different forest types in Yachang forest region, Guangxi (mixed conifer and broadleaved forest, evergreen-deciduous broadleaf-mixed forest, broadleaf forest) as the research object, the content and ecological stoichiometry of C, N, P, K in soil were analyzed. As the forest succession, the content of C, N, P, K in soil under 3 different forest types showed that the content of N in soil accumulated all through the forest succession while the content of C, P, K in soil firstly increased and then decreased, the carbon-nitrogen ratio had a decreasing tendency while C/P, C/K, N/P, N/K and P/K took on an increasing tendency. Correlation analyses revealed that the soil organic C had highly significant correlation with N/P and N/K, the total N had highly significant correlation with C/P while had significant correlation with C/K, the total P had highly significant correlation with C/K and N/K.

  The Application Advances of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Technology in Dendrochronology Xue Qian and Yang Yinke 2015, 31 (1):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1570 Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 1066KB )   ( 702 ) The application and development of image recognition to the tree-ring research has both important value and practical significance. In this study, the new techniques of image processing were described on the basis of understanding its development course, and major advances in the subject over the world were reviewed. Many latest national progresses were reviewed emphatically on aspects of studying regions, approaches and methodologies, and applications. Inadequate aspects and prospects of image recognition studies in dendrochronology were also summarized. It was clear that the degree of automation, efficiency and measuring precision were impressively improved as the traditional manual operation was substituted by image processing and pattern recognition technology in tree-ring researches. Although the application of image recognition in dendrochronology is at its start stage, it will have obvious technical advantages and a wide prospect in the future.

  Impact of Different Cradle Cut Ways on Fallen Wood Distribution Pattern of Larix gmelinii Forest Lv Yaya,Li Yingjie,Jin Juan,Na Li and Wu Luyi 2015, 31 (1):  30-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0636 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 991KB )   ( 368 ) To understand the impact of different cradle cut ways on the fallen wood distribution pattern, we used the method of point pattern to analyze the distribution patterns of main tree species and different diameter classes of Larix gmelinii virgin forest, deforestation and gradually clear cutting forest under different cradle cut ways. The results showed that: (1) fallen wood distribution pattern of the virgin forest, deforestation and gradually clear cutting forest had significant difference, the virgin forest had both aggregate distribution and random distribution with the increase of the study scale, all deforestation had significantly aggregated distribution, and the gradually clear cutting forest had significantly aggregated distribution on 1-14 meter scale while the rest of the scale was randomly distributed; (2) compared with the virgin forest, Larix gmelinii fallen wood of the deforestation and gradually clear cutting forest had significantly aggregated distribution in small scale and random distribution in large scale, and the fallen wood of Betula platyphylla had mainly random distribution, with only a small range of aggregated distribution; (3) different ways of cradle cut significantly influenced the distribution pattern of trail level fallen wood, and less influenced the pitch diameter and big diameter fallen wood.

  Study on Seedling Selection of Introduced Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis Provenances and Families Han Chao,Xu Jianmin,Tang Hongyan,Li Qian,Su Jiamin,Zhang Chaoyu,Wu Shijun and Li Guangyou 2015, 31 (1):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1657 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 502KB )   ( 506 ) In order to find the superior family in seedling stage and to study growth superiority of the fine family of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, 191 families of 5 provenances of P. kesiya var. langbianensis were collected and investigated in the seedling stage. The seedling height, ground diameter, germination and height-to-diameter ratio of P. kesiya var. langbianensis were tested. The factors of family and provenance had significant effect on ground diameter, seedling height and height-to-diameter ratio; however, the factors had no significant effect on germination. 24 superior families were selected, and the relevance between clustering classification and provenance was studied by the method of cluster analysis. It was suitable to use cluster analysis to find the superior families.

  Establishment and Optimization of Multi-gene Transformation system of Populus 2015, 31 (1):  43-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1668 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 684KB )   ( 413 ) In order to establish and optimize the multi-gene transformation system of Populus. ‘Ningyang No.1’ was used as acceptor material, and multi-gene transformation system was established. SOS1, SOS2 and SOS3 genes related to salt resistance were co-transformed. The results showed that the most suitable medium of adventitious bud was MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L, the most suitable screening concentration of herbicide for the leaf piece was 0.8 mg/L, and the most suitable Agrobacterium suspension concentration was OD600=0.4. The 14 lines of PCR positive were obtained using this system.

  Study on grading Standards for Tara container Seedlings 2015, 31 (1):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1324 Abstract + ( 592 )   PDF ( 643KB )   ( 442 ) In order to solve the problem of grading standards for tara container seedlings, we conducted correlation analysis based on the tara container seedling height, ground diameter, leaf number, root length, shoot fresh weight, underground fresh weight and total plant fresh weight index, and obtained the height and ground diameter as qualitative and quantitative evaluation indexes of tara seedling quality. This was the first time to use plant height, ground diameter standard value of a sum of graphs and SPSS clustering dendrogram for Primary classification of tara seedlings, and to eliminate human error as far as possible, then by modification, to reach the final classification. The different indexes were presented for individual plant seed cultivation for 2 months and 3 months of seedling in Shuangbai County Anlongbao of Yunnan Province.

  Population Age Structure and Dynamic Analysis of Artemisia arenaria in Middle and Lower Reaches of Shiyang River Area 2015, 31 (1):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1079 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 774KB )   ( 393 ) This research investigated the Artemisia arenaria population in the middle and lower reaches of Shiyang River basin. By using the volume structure theory, we classified the age structure of Artemisia arenaria population, mapped the survival curve and static life table, and analyzed the age structure and dynamic condition of Artemisia arenaria population. The main results are as follows: (1) the individual number of young Artemisia arenaria population is large, of middle-age class is stable, whereas of senior-age is less due to the effects of interspecific competition and environmental factors; (2) the survival curve of Artemisia arenaria population exhibits a tendency of Deevey-Ⅱ type; with regard to the dynamic performance, it shows an early-stage growth, medium -term stable condition and late-stage recession; (3) the function of survival rate of Artemisia arenaria population decreases monotonically, whereas the function of cumulative mortality increases monotonically. The curve of morality density is relatively flat，and the function of hazard rate demonstrates a progressively increasing trend with the increasing age class.

  Effect of Different Mulch Ways on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Cui Zhenwei 2015, 31 (1):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1652 Abstract + ( 701 )   PDF ( 445KB )   ( 358 ) In order to compare the effects of different mulch ways on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and search cultivation ways of field surface protection in the area of Yongding tobacco planting area, flue-cured tobacco ‘Yunyan 87’ was used as material to research the effects of three different mulch ways: straw mulching, plastic film mulching and no mulching, on growth of flue-cured tobacco, disease, economic traits and intrinsic chemical composition of the tobacco leaf after baking and cost of investment. The results indicated that tobacco plants of the whole growth period with straw mulching grew and developed slowly from transplanting period to early vigorous growth period, grew fast from later vigorous growth period to topping period and had obvious advantages in height, leaf number and leaf area. Compared with other treatments, straw mulching had more advantages in economic traits and more coordinated chemical composition, it was a way of less labor requirement and lower cost in tobacco cultivation. Straw mulching played a role in environmental protection and had better ecological, economic and social benefits.

  Relationship Between Different Water Conditions and Nitrogen Leaching in Tobacco Field of Bijie Hu Wei,Liu Jizhen,Di Qing,Zhang Yimo and Tian Shibing 2015, 31 (1):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2075 Abstract + ( 2842 )   PDF ( 677KB )   ( 536 ) To find out the effects of different water conditions on nitrogen leaching in tobacco field of Bijie, a pot experiment was conducted to determine the difference of total nitrogen content in soil leachate, various forms of nitrogen and nitrate leaching loss between the two kinds of soil under three soil moisture levels. The results showed that: the concentration of soluble total nitrogen in the percolation water was significantly improved with increasing soil moisture, the regression equation was y=0.447lnx-0.222. Soluble organic nitrogen and nitrates were the major forms of nitrogen in soil percolation water, while ammonium had a lower proportion compared with soluble organic nitrogen and nitrates. The accumulated soil nitrate and amount of infiltration were the important factors to determine nitrate leaching in Bijie tobacco field. The nitrogen leaching risk was significantly higher in purple soil than yellow soil.

  The Correlation Study on Nutrition and Organic Matter Characteristics of Tobacco-growing Soil in Xiangxi Prefecture of Hunan Yang Zhoufei,Zhang Mingfa,Tian Feng,Chao Jin,Zhang Liming,Cheng Qianfeng and Deng Xiaohua 2015, 31 (1):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2082 Abstract + ( 627 )   PDF ( 958KB )   ( 450 ) Organic matter in 488 soil samples taken from main tobacco-growing field in Xiangxi prefecture were tested in order to understand roundly regional character of organic matter. The results indicated that the overall organic matter value was suitable for tobacco growing, average value was 2.2%, amplitude was 0.3%-5.4%, variable coefficient was 39.9%. Soil samples with the organic matter value in suitable range accounted for 41.5%, soil samples with the organic matter value in “low” or “lack” range accounted for 43.5%, while in “high” or “rich” range accounted for 15.0%. The organic matter value of different tobacco-growing soil types reached extremely significant difference (P=0.000), paddy soil ＞ yellow brown loamy soil ＞ yellow soil ＞ red soil ＞ limestone soil ＞ red dust soil. As a whole, the organic matter value reduced from the northeast, west and southwest to the southeast and middle part of the prefecture. Variance analysis indicated that the organic matter content increased with the rise of elevation and there was a significantly positive correlation between the two (P=0.012). Content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available boracic had highly significant correlation with the organic matter as P value was 0.0000, 0.0098 and 0.0029, respectively, and available sulphur, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable calcium were significantly correlated with the organic matter as P value was 0.036, 0.019 and 0.042, respectively.

  Main Nutrient Limiting Factors on Sugar Beet Yield and Quality in China Zhou Jianchao,Wang Xiaochun,Hu Wei,Gong Qianheng,Wang Qiuhong and Deng Yanhong 2015, 31 (1):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1978 Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 617KB )   ( 540 ) Nowadays, Chinese sugar beet production is mainly distributed in Northeast, Northwest and North China. In order to explore the main nutrient limiting factors in sugar beet production at present, a nutrient-deficient treatment was conducted in a two years’ field plot experiment at 23 sites of Northeast, Northwest and North China, respectively. The results showed that in the Northeast, beet yield was significantly restricted by nitrogen and phosphorus (P＜0.05), the restriction of boron to beet yield and potassium to sugar content appeared in all experimental sites, the limiting sequence of all experimented nutrient elements to sugar beet yield and quality was N＞P＞K＞B＞Zn. In the main sugar beet growing region of Northwest, nitrogen and boron were the main limiting factors to beet yield, and the restriction of both elements showed a significant effects (P＜0.05), concerning both yield and quality, the limiting sequence of the nutrients in sugar beet production was N＞B＞P＞K＞Zn. In the third main sugar beet growing region of North China, the restricted effects of all the five nutrient elements on beet yield had reached a statistic level (P＜0.05), thereinto N was the most important one, while the other four showed a similar effects, Zn had a significant effect on sugar content (P＜0.05), the nutrient limiting factors demonstrated the following sequence as N＞Zn＞B＞P＞K.

  Study on in Vitro Efficient Regeneration System of Apple Seedling Clone from ‘Megumi’ Hao Hongmei,Tian Yi,Zhang Liyi,Kang Guodong,Zhang Caixia and Cong Peihua 2015, 31 (1):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2119 Abstract + ( 801 )   PDF ( 869KB )   ( 417 ) The genetic transformation mediated by Agrabacterium tumefaciens in apple is a vital method in identification functions of genes and cultivation new germplasm. Apple is highly heterozygous due to its self-incompatibility. In order to obtain a genotype with low heterozygous and high regeneration capacity, seedlings from ‘Megumi’ that is self-compatibility are studied in this experiment. The author selected soft cuttings from 10 seedlings and cultivated them in vitro several months. The results showed that HZ-5 exhibited higher proliferative capacity than others. Further, the main factors affecting the regeneration of adventitious buds from leaf explants were studied. The results showed that the appropriate medium was MS 2.0 mg/L TDZ 0.5 mg/L NAA 30 g/L sucrose 2.6 g/L Gelzan, and the optimal dark treatment period was 14-21 d；When grown to 3 cm, the adventitious buds were transferred into rooting medium 1/2MS 0.3 mg/L IBA 0.2 mg/L IAA 30 g/L sucrose 6.5 g/L agar, and the rooting rate was 100%.

  Comparison of Content of Sugar, Acid and Aroma Components in Different Pear Cultivars (P. communis) 2015, 31 (1):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1738 Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 507KB )   ( 709 ) In the experiment, sugar, acid content, flavor index and aroma components in fruits of 4 pear cultivars (Pyrus communis) were determined to investigate the differences among cultivars. Components of sugar and acid and their content showed significant difference among the cultivars. With other factors in consistency, flavor index took into account the contribution of each flavor of sugar components to fruit flavor, and could represent‘real’differences of the quality among the cultivars. 7 characteristic aroma components, including ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, hexyl acetate, octyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate and ethyl-(2E,4Z)-decadienoate, were tested in the four cultivars. However, significant difference was observed in the content of characteristic aroma components, and esters’ingredients had higher content than other components. In this study, the optimal cultivar was‘Early Red Comice’, followed by‘Bartlett’and‘Conference’, and ‘Docteur Jules Guyot’had light flavor concerning fruit flavor index. However,‘Conference’acquired the best aroma and‘Early Red Comice’showed lighter aroma.

  Experimental Study on Frost Index of Apricot and Plum in Ningxia Province Wang Jing,Zhang Xiaoyu,Yang Yang,Zhang Lei,Li Hongying,Duan Xiaofeng,Ma Guofei and Zhang Xueyi 2015, 31 (1):  93-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1375 Abstract + ( 783 )   PDF ( 546KB )   ( 386 ) Frost is one of the main agricultural meteorological disasters restricting the production of economic fruits. To study the frost index could provide effective reference for frost forecast, monitoring, early-warming, frost risk assessment as well as disaster prevention. The author focused on the critical temperature and time of duration of suffering frost in full blossom and young fruits of apricot and plum by simulated frost experiment using plant growth chamber. The results showed that: there was no significant difference in ‘Jintaiyang’ and ‘Limeixing’ concerning the index of frost, light frost would happen when temperature reached -2℃, and medium frost would happen when temperature reached -2℃--3℃, and when temperature was below -3℃ and lasted for 1 hour，the flower would suffer serious frost. ‘Yousa’ had the strongest cold resistance in 4 plum varieties, for which the light frost would happen when temperature lasted for 4 hours at -3℃, but for the other varieties, serious frost would happen when temperature reached -3℃, and ‘Longyuanqiuli’ had the worst cold resistance, its rate of frost injury would reach 50% when temperature lasted for 1 hour at -3℃. For young fruits of apricot, light frost would happen when temperature lasted for 1-2 hours at -2.5℃, medium frost would happen when temperature lasted for 3-4 hours at -2.5℃ and heavy frost would happen when temperature lasted for more than 1 hour at -3℃ or below, there were no significant differences between the two varieties. The cold resistance of plum was weaker than that of the apricot in young fruits. For ‘young’ fruits of Yousa of plum, light frost would happen when temperature lasted for 3-4 hours at -1℃ or lasted for 1 hour at -2.5℃ and heavy frost would happen when temperature lasted for more than 2 hours at -2℃ or -2.5℃ or temperature below -3℃. For young fruits of ‘Lanmi’ of plum, heavy frost would happen when temperature lasted for more than 3 hours at -2℃ or -2.5℃or temperature below -3℃.

  Study on Supplemental Lighting on the Growing Development and Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics of ‘Kyoho’ Grape Under Delayed Cultivation Zhao Hailiang,Zhao Wendong,Sun Lingjun,Gao Shenghua and Ma Li 2015, 31 (1):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1722 Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 545KB )   ( 2995 ) In order to explore scientific and reasonable artificial supplemental lighting technology under delayed cultivation, the growing development and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of 5-year old ‘Kyoho’ grape under delayed cultivation were treated with lighting. The results showed that the lighting treatments improved the extension growth and decreased the inter-node length of grape shoots, meanwhile improved the fruit quality and net photosynthetic significantly. The maximum net photosynthetic rate was in the following order: supplemental lighting Ⅰ＞supplemental lighting Ⅲ＞supplemental lighting Ⅱ＞CK. In the aspect of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the lighting treatments improved Fm, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo, the effects of which were in the same order with Pn. To some extent, supplemental lighting treatments could compensate for the lack of light under the anti-season cultivation. It was a good way to achieve the goal of high yield, high quality and high efficiency under delayed cultivation with supplemental lighting treatments.

  The Research of Flowering and pollens scattering regularities for the Two Main-plant Varieties of the Walnut in XinJiang 2015, 31 (1):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1913 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 882KB )   ( 519 ) Abstract: In order to reveal the regulation of the walnuts’flowering and spreading-powder and to provide basis for improving effects on their pollination and fecundation and arranging pollination trees scientifically, the study was done on the blooming phenophase, pollen viability and the regulation of spreading-powder about the main planted varieties of the walnut in Xinjiang. Using the two main-planted early bearing walnuts varieties of ‘Xinxin 2’ and ‘Wen 185’ in Xinjiang as materials, these studies were done on computing the quantities of pollen, measuring the pollen’s vitality, observing the blossom phenological, measuring the quantities of spreading-powder in total and in a day during the florescence. The results indicated that the numbers of anther in every bud about the‘Wen185’and ‘Xinxin2’ were average 77000 and 71400 grains individual. (2) The two main planted varieties’ quantity of spreading-powder were consistent in space: southern>eastern>western> northern>internal successively, but in the same direction: it was central> internal> outside. (3) The optimum temperature about the two main varieties’ spreading-powder was 20℃ to 24℃. (4) The male and female flowers of ‘Xinxin2’ and‘Wen185’ were synchronization, which was about 4 days. The flowers of ‘Xinxin 2’ could be self-pollination, but the female flowers of ‘Wen185’ lost its receptivity, so failed to be self-pollination. The temperature played a important role in walnuts’ spreading-pollen. It existed difference in spreading-pollen when the male flowers distributed the different space in tree crown. The ‘Xinxin 2’ could be self-pollination under the natural conditions.

  Analysis of Genetic Distance by ISSR Molecular Markers in the Late Ripe Chestnut Cheng Hua,Li Zhi,Li Linling,Chen Xiaoling and Cheng Shuiyuan 2015, 31 (1):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1839 Abstract + ( 985 )   PDF ( 1382KB )   ( 419 ) In order to study the germplasm genetic information of the late ripe varieties of Chinese chestnut in Luotian Hubei, in this paper, the classification and genetic relationship of 8 series of Chrysanthemum cultivars were investigated using cluster analysis of ISSR molecular markers. For the reaction system of ISSR-PCR and primer selecting, we selected the number of bands and early high-definition reaction system to screen 21 primers, eliminate primers of poor amplification and difficultly identified bands, and ultimately determine the 7 primers used for late ripe varieties of chestnut identification. For ISSR cluster analysis, the selected ISSR primers amplified 140 clear and reproducible ISSR bands, and 106 bands of them were polymorphic with a polymorphism rates up to 75.7%. With NTSYS 2.10e software, 8 Chinese chestnut cultivars can be divided into two categories by UPGMA cluster analysis at the dice similarity coefficient of 0.45. The analysis result showed that ‘Yangmaoli’ and ‘Guihuaxiang No.2’ had genetic differences with other late ripe varieties.

  Effects of NAA and Atonik on Yield and Fruit Quality of Hainan Mangifera indica ‘Guifei’ Zhu Min,Deng Suisheng,He Shuqiang,He Junhu,Chen Huarui and Chen Yeyuan 2015, 31 (1):  116-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2310 Abstract + ( 1012 )   PDF ( 571KB )   ( 732 ) A mango cultivar ‘Guifei’ (Mangifera indica L.) was used to study the effect of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and Atonik on the yield and fruit quality. The results showed that Atonik treatment had a better effect on the yield, the yield of treatment with 100 mg/L Atonik was the highest and increased 102.6% than the contrast, lower concentration of NAA could significantly increase yield, higher concentrations had the effect of thinning and could not significantly increase yield. NAA could promote fruit enlargement obvious, but Atonik could not. NAA treatment and lower concentrations of Atonik treatment (5 and 10 mg/L) delayed the degradation of mango peel’s chlorophyll, NAA and Atonik treatments promoted accumulation of carotenoid, higher concentrations of NAA treatment (60 and 100 mg/L) inhibited synthesis of anthocyanin, NAA 100 mg/L caused adverse effects on the fruit harvest and ripening period coloring. NAA and Atonik had a little effect on the internal quality of the fruit. According to comprehensive comparison, treatments with NAA 30 mg/L and Atonik 100 mg/L were suitable. This study will provide reference for the security production of mango fruit.

  Analyses on Boron Toxicosis and Related Nutrients Elements of Cut Roses Mainly Planted in Yunnan Province Yang Shaocong,,, and 2015, 31 (1):  122-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1622 Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 548KB )   ( 430 ) Abstract: In the light of a classical symptom of gray-brown leaf margin or scorched patch occurred in vegetative shoot leaf of cut roses mainly planted in Yunnan Province, the study of field survey and indoor test was conducted. The results showed that this symptom was caused by the exorbitant content of available boron in rhizosphere soils or boron in vegetative shoot leaf, the critical values were 3.41 mg/kg and 164 mg/kg, respectively. By comparison with the normal cut roses, the content of N, P, and K in leaf of toxic roses was respectively decreased by 17.7%, 31.1% and 13.9%, however, the content of Mg was rising by 38.4%, and high content of Ca in vegetative shoot leaf was 3.168%, moreover, the value of K/B, Ca/B and Mg/B in leaf was decreased by 65.6%, 66.2% and 51.4%. For the normal or toxic cut roses, the content of boron in leaf was gradually decreased from vegetative shoot to flower shoot, however, the case of K/B, Ca/B and Mg/B was reversed. Therefore, people should attach importance to the balanced fertilization in production of cut roses.

  Effect of Growth Regulators on Flowering in Vitro of Dendrobium huoshanense Li Jie,Zhang Jinhui,Zhu Genfa and Wang Zaihua 2015, 31 (1):  127-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2020 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 701KB )   ( 410 ) In order to obtain the appropriate growth regulators for flowering in vitro of Dendrobium huoshanense, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the collaboration effects of growth regulators (6-BA, 2,4-D, NAA, Ad, PP333 and TDZ) on the flowering in vitro of D. huoshanense. The results showed that growth regulator combination increased significantly the flower bud of D. huoshanense, and the optimum treatment was 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, with the 35% flower bud induction rate, 20% flower rate and 8.9% normal flowers in 120 days. The next best treatment was 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.2 mg/L NAA, with the 24.4% flower bud induction rate, 12.8% flower rate and 5.0% normal flowers.

  Ecological Response of Potentilla reptans var. sericophylla on Adversity Stress Li Peng and Lin Yinding 2015, 31 (1):  132-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0382 Abstract + ( 799 )   PDF ( 854KB )   ( 525 ) Based on the domestication and new variety breeding of resistance to adversity of the low ground cover plants in blossom, a test of shade tolerance, drought tolerance and pruning tolerance of germplasm of wild Potentilla reptans var. sericophylla of was carried out. Nursery trials conducted in Shanxi Agricultural University. The results showed that under different shade stress, Potentilla reptans var. sericophylla chlorophyll a/b ratio was generally low. The coverage, tiller ability, the number of stolons and height, etc. were affected to different degrees. No significant difference among the treatments. Under drought stress, proline accumulation of Potentilla reptans var. sericophylla was significantly increased, conductivity changes smoothly, stolons had shorter refractory period to moderate drought stress and strong growth resilience; Potentilla reptans var. sericophylla after heavy pruning process could recover the ground in about 20 days, the plants treated with moderate pruning could recover the ground in about 10 days. It is indicated that curly creeping Potentilla has a strong tolerance to pruning.

  Comprehensive utilization of tea waste: A review 2015, 31 (1):  140-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1808 Abstract + ( 1910 )   PDF ( 515KB )   ( 1239 ) China is a main country of tea producing and consumption, and huge amount of tea waste would generate every year, which not only polluted the environment, but also caused huge waste of biological resource. Research advances in comprehensive utilization of tea waste were summarized from the aspects of utilization way, as the raw materials for function compounds extraction, bio-adsorbent preparation, activated carbon preparation, organic fertilizer production, animal feed production, mushroom cultivation and so on, and the major research trends were also discussed. It was considered that using a variety of technology for the comprehensive utilization of tea waste could enhance the utilization efficiency and reduce production cost. In addition, a plan which could provide a reference for the actually application for comprehensive utilization of tea waste with simplicity and high efficiency was proposed.

  Physiological Indexes Comparison of 2 Kinds of Leaf Panax stipuleanatus Huang Xing’e,He Jiawei,Duan Chengli and Su Zechun 2015, 31 (1):  146-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2068 Abstract + ( 972 )   PDF ( 863KB )   ( 322 ) In order to study genetic relationship of Panax stipuleanatus H. T. Tsai et K. M. Feng groups, the author compared physiological indexes of 2 kinds of leaf Panax stipuleanatus by using conventional free hand section method, spectrophotometry, anthrone method, coomassie brilliant blue G-250 and photosynthesis determinator method. The results showed that the content of soluble sugar in the leaves of full-leaf type was significantly lower than the crenellated type, the full-leaf and crenellated type reached significant level. The starch content in leaves of the full-leaf was slightly higher than crenellated, soluble protein content slightly lower than the crenellated. Differences in the contents of starch and soluble protein were not significant. The crenellated was higher than full-leaf in net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr). Full-leaf was higher than crenellated in vapor pressure deficit on leaf surface (VpdL) and water use efficiency (WUE).

  The Screening and Physiology Characteristic of Efficient Antifungal Strain on Cytospora chrysosperma Li Chongwei and Song Ruiqing 2015, 31 (1):  150-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2078 Abstract + ( 741 )   PDF ( 2670KB )   ( 344 ) In order to look for the Trichderma strains which have inhibiting effects on Chtospora chrysosperma, 29 domestic and foreign strains were screened by methods of antagonistic culture and growth-inhibiting. The morphological characteristics and physiological characteristics and taxonomic status of efficient antifungal strain were studied. The results showed that the growth-inhibiting rate of the N-butanol extract extracted from the fermented liquid of strain T-33 was 94%, and inhibition rate of spore germination was 100%. The optimal C-source of strain T-33 was glucose and the optimal content was 3% (g/L). The optimal N-source of strain T-33 was soy flour and the optimal content was 0.02% (g/L). The optimal initial pH of culture medium was 6. The optimal culture temperature was 25℃. Through 18S rDNA sequencing and phylogenies analysis of T-33, the length of ITS sequence was 583 bp, strain T-33 was verified as Trichoderma viride.

  Research Progress of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables in China Based on Bibliometrics 赵伶俐 2015, 31 (1):  156-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1798 Abstract + ( 843 )   In order to understand the research hotspot, present situation and progress of pesticide residues in vegetables in China, based on China academic journal network publishing database (CAJD) of China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), the numbers of articles and journals, core authors and affiliations, funds, download times and cited times of articles related to pesticide residues in vegetables from 1994 to 2013 were statistically studied by the bibliometrics. The results revealed that the number of relevant documents and papers published in the past 20 years were increased annually. Shenyang Agricultural University, Weifang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Shenzhen Pollution-Free Agricultural Products Quality Monitoring Station of Guangdong Province, Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture were the main research institutions for research of pesticide residues in vegetables. The current hotspot of pesticide residues in vegetables is the detection technology of pesticide residues. The download rate of this field paper reached 99.9%, indicating that the problems of pesticide residues in vegetables have drawn general attention.

  Diversity of Fruit Quality and Phenotypic traits of Actinidia arguta Planch Germplasm Resources and their Principal Component Analysis 秦红艳 2015, 31 (1):  160-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1873 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 514KB )   ( 444 ) Fifteen fruit traits were evaluated throw genetic diversity and principal component from 70 germplasm resources to analysis and appraise germplasm diversity of Actinidia arguta Planch. The results showed that there was significantly variance among traits of the accessions and abundant trait types. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations among the fruits traits. Principal component analysis showed dispersion of contribution rate and multi-directional variation of Actinidia arguta Planch fruit quality traits. The first principal component was determined by fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit thickness, and pedicel length. The second was determined by skin color, skin smoothness and fruit shape index. The third mainly represented soluble sugar, soluble solids and vitamin C content; and the fourth reflected titratable acidity content. Increasing the first principal component factor will be favorable for Increasing the fruit size，and increasing the third principal component factor will be favorable for improving the the fruit qualities in Actinidia arguta breeding.

  Chang of Climate and Agricultural Water Resources in Middle to Down Stream of Shiyang Rive Basin from 1950 to 2011 Jiang Jufang,Wei Yuguo,Liu Mingchun,Ding Wenkui and Li Ying 2015, 31 (1):  166-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1789 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 857KB )   ( 426 ) To reveal the fundamental cause of water use conflicts in middle to down stream of Shiyang Rive Basin, the author used data of human activities, runoff and meteorological observation of this area in recent 60 years, to compare internal relationships between agricultural water resources utilization and ecological environment deterioration in the process of oasis advance and climate change. The results showed that: in the Shiyang river basin, eight rivers’ synthesis runoff was on the decline in the past 60 years. The precipitation tendency rate was 5.1 mm per 10 years in the middle stream, which was greater than 2.5 mm per 10 years in the down stream, but the annual evaporation speed was increased at a rate of 11.6 mm per 10 years in the down stream. The temperature had a slowly rising trend (P＜0.001), the temperature were increased by 1.8 and 1.9℃ in middle and down stream of the past 60 years. The available surface water resources for agriculture reduced. The middle stream population rapidly increased by 99500 people per 10 years (P＜0.001), which was 5.5 times of that of the down stream. The decreasing rate of average per capita farmland area reached 0.119 hm2 per 10 years (P＜0.001) in the middle stream, greater than 0.036 hm2 per 10 years (P＜0.01) in the down stream, but the increasing speed of irrigation area of security was 0.637 hm2 per 10 years (P＜0.01) in the down stream, greater than that in the middle stream, which was 0.451 hm2 per 10 years (P＜0.01). The well number increasing speed was 1867.6 per 10 years (P＜0.01) in the down stream, more than that in the middle stream, which was 884.3 per 10 years (P＜0.001). Human excessive exploitation of groundwater resources directly affected the ecological carrying capacity and ecological security. As the temperature continued to rise, the evaporation increased, precipitation weakly increased, and river water, the irrigation area of security and the well number increased rapidly, which increased development and utilization of groundwater resources. That led to water conflicts between agriculture and ecology, between the middle stream and the down stream in the researched area, which was the result of human activity and climate change at the same time.

  Early-warning of Resource and Environment Pressure in Anhui Province Based on RBF 2015, 31 (1):  174-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100040 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 658KB )   ( 471 ) Based on the related data of resource and environment pressure in Anhui Province from 1996 to 2011, this paper constructed an early-warning index of resource and environment pressure system for Anhui Province from two aspects which were resource pressure and environment pressure. According to the entropy weight method to measure index of resources and environment pressure and then using the RBF model to make a prediction for resource and environment pressure development trend of Anhui Province in 1996—2011, and at last made a warning analysis of the resource and environment pressure of the Anhui province from 1996 to 2011 according to the early-warning index and warning degree standards. Based on the analysis, the results show that: RBF model has a relatively high simulation accuracy, which can well fit the resources and environment pressure system's development trends of Anhui Province in 1996—2011. The early-warning index of the resource pressure system showed an upward trend with fluctuations in 1996—2011, and the warning degree rose from moderate alarm to giant alarm; As for the environment system, but since 2005 the warning degree rose from moderate alarm to heavy alarm and giant alarm. The main factors that influence the resource and environment pressure of Anhui Province include per capita electricity consumption, water consumption per capita, the proportion of natural disaster-affected area, the total energy consumption, Industrial waste gas emissions and Solid waste emissions. These are the focus of resource and environment pressure regulation in the future.

  Evaluation of Eco-system Services Value Based on Land Remediation in Mining Subsidence Area Yan Dabin,Tian Xiaosong,Zhou Chunrong,Tan Xianlong and Zheng Jiebing 2015, 31 (1):  180-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1681 Abstract + ( 541 )   PDF ( 582KB )   ( 392 ) To analyze land-use and damage in coal mining subsidence area, taking mining subsidence area as the research object, ecosystem services value (ESV) was used to evaluate the results of land remediation. The results of land remediation showed that cultivated land area was increased from 220.24 to 311.08 hm2 by land remediation projects. The ESV had a positive effect with an increasing tendency from 348.03×104 to 356.67×104 yuan/a on the regulation and remediation in the study area. Changes of ecosystem services value functions were different. Climate regulation, water conservation, waste treatment, food production and raw materials were positive. And temperature regulation, soil formation and protection, biodiversity conservation and entertainment culture were negative. The land remediation played a key role in increasing the efficiency of cultivation in the field, improving agricultural infrastructure conditions and further raising the social economic and ecological benefits.

  Physicochemical Property of Aeolian Sandy Soil in Baijitan in Ningxia Zhan Xiuli and Han Lei 2015, 31 (1):  186-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1781 Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 532KB )   ( 573 ) The study selected desertification combating area of Baijitan in Ningxia, through field investigation, sampling and laboratory experiment, measured and analyzed the physicochemical property of aeolian sandy soil of mobile sand dune, semi-mobile dune and fixed dune, and preliminarily attained the following conclusions: soil moisture were all lower, and the mean value of soil water of the fixed dune ＞ semi-mobile dune ＞ mobile sand dune. The grain composition of sandy soil was dominated by fine sand, followed by middle sand, and the content of mighty fine sand was very low. A small amount of coarse sand was on the surface of mobile sand dune, and both semi-mobile dune and fixed dune had no coarse sand. And a small amount of silty sand was on the surface of fixed dune. Soil bulk density of sandy soil decreased little by little from surface down, and the soil bulk density of mobile sand dune and semi-mobile dune was approximate, the soil bulk density of the surface of fixed dune was lower. The soil nutrients of mobile sand dune, semi-mobile dune and fixed dune were all very low and approximate, and the vertical variation had no obvious rule and was unstable.

  The Layout and Scheduling Space Research of High Standard Basic Farmland Construction——A Case Study of Tongjing in Yubei District, Chongqing City 2015, 31 (1):  191-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1806 Abstract + ( 924 )   PDF ( 644KB )   ( 459 ) To grasp the quality of the high standard basic farmland and scientifically plan the spatial layout of high standard basic farmland, and to reasonably arrange for the development and construction timing, this study effectively selected and quantified important factors to build internal quality evaluation system, and used the external social and economic impact gradual correction factors and the comprehensive quality evaluation for the town of Tongjing in the district of Yubei basic farmland, and explore Tongjing Town high standard basic farmland’s construction space layout and scheduling, for making a high standard to maximize the overall efficiency of basic farmland after completion. The empirical results showed that Tongjing Town had 355.96 hm2 suitable farmland for high-standard basic farmland construction, combined with a high standard of basic farmland construction of Yubei district targets and financing conditions, Tongjing Town high standard basic farmland construction could be divided into 3 periods, recent layout arrangement in the eastern region, the construction scale of 114.52 hm2; interim distribution arrangements in the southern and northern regions, the construction scale of 176.67 hm2; forward layout arrangement in the western region, the construction scale of 64.77 hm2.

  Regionalization research on suitable area for fruit characteristics in Bazhou, Xinjiang 2015, 31 (1):  197-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2076 Abstract + ( 923 )   PDF ( 749KB )   ( 469 ) Based on the experience of fruit trees suitable artificial preliminary analysis in each county, Bayes discriminate analysis was made according to the temperature data and artificial preliminary regionalization with the use of SPSS 18.0. Through the statistical analysis on temperature data for each county in Bazhou, suitable planting trees for each county in Bazhou were conducted and suggestions of temperature possibility and adaptability were proposed from the perspective of production and cultivation. The results showed that temperature factors which affected regionalization of fruit characteristics in Bazhou region were average low temperature in winter (x2), extreme low temperature in winter (x3), average temperature in early spring (x4), average low temperature in early spring (x5) and the extreme low temperature in early spring (x6). Among them, the temperature factors which affected each county in Bazhou most were extreme low temperature in early spring (x6), followed by extreme low temperature in winter (x3) and average low temperature in early spring (x5). Each county in Bazhou were not suitable for planting apples. Hejing, Yanqi and Heshuo were suitable for planting pears. Luntai and Ruoqiang were suitable for planting jujube. Luntai was suitable for planting walnuts. Hejing, Heshuo, Luntai and Ruoqiang were the second suitable for planting grapes. Luntai was suitable for planting apricots and it was the second suitable for planting plums.

  Relative Humidity Change Rule of the Greenhouse in High Altitude and Low Temperature Areas 2015, 31 (1):  204-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2190 Abstract + ( 535 )   PDF ( 647KB )   ( 414 ) For purpose of exploring the laws of how the relative humidity changes in the sunlight green house located in high altitude and low temperature areas and thus achieving the prevention from and reduction of natural disasters and sustainable development for agriculture, with the utilization of the micro-climate observation data for sunlight green house and materials from the weather station in the national modern agricultural demonstrative zones in the eastern agricultural areas of Qinghai Province and by means of mathematical statistics method, the laws of change regarding to the various sky conditions and different seasons in high altitude and low temperature areas were analyzed. The results indicate that: Firstly, the daily change and yearly change of average relative humidity in the green house of high altitude and low temperature areas during the test turned out to be the same, the tendencies of both of which represented as the “single trough” line. And between 0:00 and 8:00, the relative humidity in the green house stayed in a stable high humidity condition. Secondly, the daily change amplitude was observed to be at its maximum in sunny days as the relative humidity rose and fell rapidly; in rainy days, the relative humidity rose and fell in slowed down speed, with the daily change amplitude decreased accordingly. Thirdly, the relative humidity correlation inside and outside of the green house in rainy days was larger than that in cloudy days and sunny days; 8:00-11:00 in sunny days, 16:00-22:00 in cloudy days , and 16:00-19:00 in rainy days the correlation was poor. Fourthly, both of the minimal and maximal values concerning the average relative humidity within one year appeared in the sunny days of winter, and between 16:00 and 19:00 in all of the four seasons the relative humidity rose fastest.

  Risk Assessment and Zoning of Agricultural Drought Disaster in Hongdong County Jia Xiangfeng,Bai Liqin and Li Bilong 2015, 31 (1):  210-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1803 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 1977KB )   ( 501 ) Drought is one of the major natural disasters. We used precipitation anomaly formula to analyze drought disaster to winter wheat in Hongdong 1980-2010, discussed the spacial and temporal characteristics of drought in different winter wheat growth stages, and concluded the rule of drought occurrence. In addition, we used the human environment risk assessment method, combining with GIS software, to study and zone the drought disaster risk index DDRI of winter wheat in all sites of Hongdong. The results showed that: (1) the frequency of drought and severe drought was the highest in the 1980s in Hongdong, followed by the beginning of the 21st century, and was the lowest in 1990s; (2) the high risk areas of winter wheat drought were mainly in Wanan and Quting, which should be the key areas for winter wheat drought prevention; low-risk and minor risk areas were mainly distributed in the northern and the central-southern part of Hongtong.

  Impact of ENSO Events on Climate Change and Drought and Flood Disasters in Anhui Province Zeng Ting,Yang Dong,Zhu Xiaofan,Song Miao,Ma Lu and Xue Shuangyi 2015, 31 (1):  215-223.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1866 Abstract + ( 1146 )   PDF ( 1611KB )   ( 704 ) Based on the precipitation and air temperature data in Anhui Province from 1960 to 2012, this paper took methods such as linearity trend estimation, inverse distance weighted, correlation analysis and X2 fitting inspection methods and so on to analyze spatial and temporal variations of climate and the influence of ENSO on climate change and drought and flood disasters in Anhui during the past 53 years. The results indicated that : (1) El Nino events and La Nina occurred 16 and 15 times, respectively, in the past 53 years, the El Nino events occurred mostly in spring and summer and ended in winter, while La Nina events occurred in summer and autumn, ended in spring and winter; (2) from the time, the precipitation in Anhui was increasing annually, the change of annual mean air temperature showed a statistically significant increasing trend, in the late 1990s warming trend was obvious; (3) from the space, the distribution characteristics of precipitation in the south of Anhui was more than that in the north; precipitation showed a trend of decrease in the north of the Huaihe river but a trend of increase in the south of the Huaihe river; the temperature was higher in southern mountain area and Dabieshan area; (4) El Nino event caused precipitation decrease and temperature increase, while La Nina event caused precipitation increase and temperature decrease, and had a certain degree of lagging; (5) El Nino and La Nina events had significant relationship with the drought and waterlog in Anhui Province, the drought and flood disaster occurred mostly in ENSO events years, the next year or the year before ENSO events, and the risk of drought was higher in the continuous El Nino years.

  Analysis of the 16 August 2013 Heavy Rainstorm in Fushun, Liaoning Province 2015, 31 (1):  224-230.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2034 Abstract + ( 909 )   PDF ( 2192KB )   ( 352 ) Using conventional meteorological observation, automatic encryption station and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis date, analyze the 16 August 2013 rainstorm in Fushun. The results showed that Fushun "8.16" Storm was a process of extreme precipitation, with the characteristics of large rainfall, long duration and wide range. The weather conditions of high humidity and low pressure maintained for 15 days before the process. The Mongolian cyclone, low-shear line, 500 hPa westerly trough and subtropical anticyclone were the major systems which affected the heavy rainfall. The water vapor was gathered by multi-directional airflow. The coupling between the convergence of the low-level jet at the left front and the divergence of the upper-level jet at the right rear provided the dynamic condition. For the water vapor flux divergence, it was convergence in the level and divergence in the upper level before the precipitation. With the start of the precipitation, the convergence center developed to the low level, the upper- level divergence and low- level convergence increased significantly, and the convective motion developed more intensive. The rainstorm was located at the top of the high energy tongue of the 850 hPa height pseudo-equivalent temperature field. The dry at upperlevel and wet at low level vertical distribution was unstable for the atmospheric stratification. The dry cold air at low level transferred to lower, triggering the release of unstable high temperature and humidity energy at low level. Topographic effects on precipitation were as follows: (1) The southwest flow uplift effect on the windward slopes; (2)The bell terrain convergence effect; (3) Hun River valley funneling effect; (4) Mountain blockade effect; (5) The bell terrain preconference effect; (6) Superimposed effects of five kinds of terrain.

  A wind hail strong convective weather analysis of Shandong weifang 2015, 31 (1):  231-238.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1899 Abstract + ( 885 )   PDF ( 2034KB )   ( 581 ) In order to study the occurrence of severe convective weather in weifang development mechanism and characteristics of reducing wind hail about the dangers of severe weather, such as work for later spring and summer season severe convective weather forecast sum up experience, improve the prediction accuracy, especially for the severe convection weather process diagnosis analysis. This paper, by using conventional meteorological data section and sounding analysis, at the same time combined with radar and satellite cloud image short-term approaches to analyze causes of numerical forecast products, it is concluded that the occurrence of such a severe convective weather characteristics and types. The results show that the severe convective weather is one of the important reasons is the northeast cold eddy is maintained and strengthened. Hail occurred in 2 PM, the lower temperature, abundant energy. Forward the structure of the upper trough to top dry cold air superimposed on the low-level warm moist air, lead to unstable stratification, triggering the severe convective weather.

  Progress in Mass Spectrometry and its Application in Proteomics 2015, 31 (1):  239-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0018 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 596KB )   ( 1041 ) With the rapid development of proteomics, biological mass spectrometry technology had provided the profound application in proteomics, it was gradually becoming the core technology in this field. In order to reveal the specific application of biological mass spectrometry technology systemly in proteomics. In this paper, we reviewed the development of biological mass spectrometers and the applications of biological mass spectrometry technology in protein identification, posttranslational modifications and quantitation of proteins. Biological mass spectrometry technology promoted the process of the proteomics, but the complexity of the sample and the tremendous of data analysis was inevitable challenge for the technology. We believe that with the consummation and evolution of biological mass spectrometry technology, it would play a greater role in the proteomics.

  Molecular Research Progress of Carotenoid Metabolism in Animals Zhang Hongkuan,Liu Helu,Zheng Huaiping and Deng Longhui 2015, 31 (1):  247-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1274 Abstract + ( 724 )   PDF ( 512KB )   ( 847 ) Carotenoids are a class of fat-soluble organic compounds which play an important physiological role in animals to help to enhance the immunity of animal, playing an important role in the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and other chronic disease. With the development of science and technology, the study of the aspect of carotenoids metabolic mechanism has been advanced, especially the aspect of molecular, such as the proteins and gene mutations related to carotenoid absorption and metabolism. Therefore, this paper reviews the progress of molecular study on protein and gene variants of the carotenoids metabolism-related in order to provide a guide for studying molecular mechanism on carotenoids metabolism in animals.

  Advances on the Isolation of Protoplast in Gramineous Plants Peng Xiaoqun,Tang Ran and Xie Xinming 2015, 31 (1):  252-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1921 Abstract + ( 1016 )   PDF ( 556KB )   ( 1199 ) The protoplast is a convenient tool for genetic improvements and characteristic researches on cell physiology and biochemistry in gramineous plants. In order to provide theoretical basis for establishment of protoplast isolation in gramineous plants and promote the application, a detailed description about protoplast isolation research progress in gramineous plants from four aspects, including materials, pretreatment, the methods and conditions of separation as well as purification, were reviewed in the article. The relevant factors affecting the protoplast separation were analyzed. At the same time, some suggestions about the protoplast separation were put forward and utilization of gramineous plants was also proposed.

  The Influence of Factor Input and Institutional Innovation on Grain Production of Eastern, Central and Western Regions——Based on Comparative Analysis of Shandong, Jiangxi and Sichuan Province Xiong Hui and Weng Zhenlin 2015, 31 (1):  258-264.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2045 Abstract + ( 1235 )   PDF ( 569KB )   ( 509 ) In order to study the influence of factor inputs and institutional innovation on grain production in different regions, this article takes agricultural data of Shandong Province, Jiangxi Province and Sichuan Province in 1978-2011 as samples, to analyze five factor inputs: land area, labor forces, fertilizer volume, mechanical power input and effective irrigational area. At the same time, the research compares the impact of the household contract responsibility system and rural tax reform policies on grain production in different regions. The three provinces represent eastern, central and western regions respectively. Different regional agricultural resources lead to the different influence of each factor input and system implementation. Land element can promote grain production in the central region, but it has no significant effect in eastern and western regions. Labor element can promote grain production in central and western regions, but it has no significant effect in eastern region. Fertilizer element has significant effect on grain production in all three regions. Mechanical power inputs can promote grain production in eastern region, but it has no effect in central and western regions. The irrigation area plays no significant role in grain production in three regions. The household contract responsibility system and rural tax reform policies have promoted grain production in three regions. Thus, different resource endowment in these three regions is leading to different influence on grain production. Promoting grain production should consider the factors of regional differences.

  Corn Planting in Hilly Areas Base on Farmer Households in Shanxi Province Wang Yakun,Wang Huijun and Liu Meng 2015, 31 (1):  265-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1802 Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 590KB )   ( 592 ) In order to study the farmers’ corn planting behavior characteristics and determinants of the will of farmers planting more corn in hilly areas, with the method of field investigation, the authors researched 269 farmers’ corn planting behavior in the hilly areas in Shanxi Province, and adopted the Logit model of selection model to study the influencing factors of the will of farmers planting more corn. The results showed that: land area, farmers corn planting pattern and the sale price of corn were positively correlated to farmers’ intention of expand planting area; the cost of labor, capital investment and planting purpose were negatively related to the expanding of planting area. To increase corn planting area and improve corn production, related departments should continue to promote the land circulation, strengthen the development and popularization of the mechanical technology and corn planting technology, keep stable and low price of agricultural materials, reduce the cost of corn production, and at the same time, improve the protective price system of corn and protect the enthusiasm of farmers in corn planting.

  Research on Function and Integration of Farmers’ Cooperatives in Less Developed Areas Guo Ting and Zhang Wenzheng 2015, 31 (1):  272-277.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1984 Abstract + ( 1362 )   PDF ( 504KB )   ( 554 ) In 2013, the No. 1 document issued by the CPC Central Committee emphasized that farmers’ cooperative was a basic part to drive peasant households into the market, a new type of entity to develop rural collective economy and also an effective carrier to innovate rural social management. The growing environment of farmers’ cooperatives in less developed areas is special. For example, as a result of poor ecological environment, farmers’ cooperatives in less developed areas lack material subsistence, are influenced by the traditional farming culture and guided by the policies of the less developed areas. As farmers’ cooperatives are transforming from the horizontal cooperation to longitudinal cooperation, their functions are also expanded from single to multiple. It is of great significance to deal with government failure and with the relationship between the government and farmers’ cooperatives and farmers, and realize the interests of the state and the development of rural social integration.

  Rural Residential Distribution in Three Gorges Reservoir Area Base on the Map of Voronoi and the GIS ——Taking Zhongxian Chongqing City as an Example Li Maoxiang and Liao Heping 2015, 31 (1):  278-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1896 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 665KB )   ( 415 ) By the GIS analysis technology and comprehensive analysis of the Voronoi diagram Cv value, we explore the mechanism of rural residential distribution in Zhongxian, and find out the trend of the distribution regularity for land planning and land management at the county and township level, in order to provide intuitive guidance. According to the settlement geography research methods, we establish Voronoi diagram, elevation, gradient, slope direction, road and water system factor, and carried out spatial analysis method and qualitative- quantitative analysis method. Results show that the overall Cv value of Zhongxian is 85.52%, the cluster distribution of rural settlements are mainly distributed in elevation of 400-700 m, mostly distributed within 7°-15°, 32.50%; under the influence of slop, the northwest slope distribution is the most, 14.95%; under the influence of the road factor, the rural residential areas have the highest density in 50-100 m buffer area, 64.38 /km2; rural residential areas are mainly 100-200 m away from water.

  Analysis of the Development of Exhibition Agriculture in Beijing 2015, 31 (1):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3812 Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 559KB )   ( 873 ) Exhibition agriculture was important integration form of cultural creative industry and agriculture as a emerging industries, with effects such as promoting agricultural exchanges and cooperation, building agricultura brand, driving the development of correlated industry and so on. This paper analyzed the advantages include development of exhibition industry, infrastructure, scientific research level and market prospect of Beijing in exhibition agriculture, summed up the characteristics of Beijing exhibition agriculture. The exhibition agriculture achievements was summarized through a case of the Seventh International Strawberry Symposium. Finally the proposal was given for the further development of Beijing exhibition agriculture.