Abstract: In order to clarity the soil fertility status of paddy fields in Wenxing Village, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, principal component analysis combined with the cluster analysis was used to analyze the soil fertility. The results showed that the CV of soil pH, total porosity and capillary were lower than 10%, indicating their weak variation. In contrast, other variation coefficients were from 10% to 100% , belonging to moderate variation. The variability of available S, available Fe and available Mn were intensive with variation coefficient of more than 75%. Principal component analysis showed that 22 evaluation factors could be classified into six major components, its cumulative contribution rate had reached 74.26%, could reflect the soil fertility standard at a certain extent. The IFI values of soil samples were from -1.7422 to 1.8230, which had been divided into four levels as Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ by the cluster anlysis with their proportion of 2.5%, 52.5%, 30% and 15%, respectively. This method could make a relatively correct evaluation on soil nutrient supply capacity and the degree of abundance, and provide a reference for reasonable application of fertilizer in paddy field.