Abstract: The paper aims to look for the new way of the paper mill sludge utilization and solve the sources of the organic fertilizer for woodland. The variances of 3 mixed sludge and soil nutrient in 60 days and the effect of earthworm on poplar growth in 1 year and 2 years were studied by using earthworm to treat paper mill sludge in poplar lands. The results showed that the organic matter and total P in 3 kinds of mixed sludge decreased by 11%-47% and 60%-90% respectively in comparison with that of 60 days ago, and the total N and total K increased by 50%-200% and 43%-179%, respectively. The soil organic matter in different layers increased by 7%-42%; the available N in upper and middle soil layer increased by 2%-22%, while decreased by 21%-83% in lower layer; the available P increased by 31%-51% in upper layer, while decreased by 20%-49% in middle and lower layer; the pH values were increased slightly with no significance difference. After 1 year treatment, the single tree volume growth and DBH growth of treatment E2 (the old aerobic sludge 72% reed residue 28%) after 1 year were the highest, which were 0.0047 m³ and 4.7 cm respectively, increasing by 155% and 47% respectively compared with control. The single tree volume growth and DBH growth treated by E2 in 2 years were the highest, which were 0.0248 m³ and 9.1 cm respectively, increasing by 243% and 47% compared with control. Therefore, treatment E2 (the new aerobic sludge 72% reed residue 20% deinking sludge 8%) showed the best effect on the growth of poplar. E3 (the new aerobic sludge 72% reed residue 28%) had the best result on the individual earthworm growth, and E1 was the most rational to the cocoon production. The cocoon production mainly conducted in 0-10 cm layer during the earthworm treating sludge.