Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.10 Published:05 May 2015

  Comparative Study on the Growth Characteristics in Different Pedigrees Seedlings of Populus deltoides Zhang Yadong,Huang Guowei,Liu Shaofeng,Bao Yiming and Zhang Xinye 2015, 31 (10):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100133 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 2161KB )   ( 460 ) In order to obtain new varieties which were suitable for the Yangtze River Basin, 4 combinations of Populus deltoides were selected for hybridization. Growth characteristics were investigated which were from the clones of the offspring, to compare the differences of the growth characteristics and growth rhythm in 4 combinations of Populus deltoids. The result of the statistics and analysis showed that: the height and diameter were normal distribution in ZS8×2-7 (P=0.200>0.050), the diameter was normal distribution in 2-2×2-46 (P=0.057>0.050). The skewness value of growth characteristics was between -0.482 to 0.304 and the kurtosis value was mostly between -0.363 to 0.155 in the rest of the pedigrees, close to a normal distribution. The distribution of the height was left skewness distribution, it meant that the number of trees which were greater than the average was more, in contrast, the diameter was right skewness distribution, the number of trees which were greater than the average was less. There were significant differences in height and ground diameter among the pedigrees (P<0.05), but it was not obvious, the average height of 2-2×2-38 was the largest and the smallest one was ZS8×2-7, it was only 7.14% higher. The average diameter of 2-2×2-9 was the largest and the smallest one was ZS8×2-7, it was only 7.52% larger. The growth rhythm of those pedigrees was similar from June to October, it appeared summer dormancy between early July to mid-July possibly. According to the distribution of growth characteristics in those pedigrees, it could carry out the elimination and early selection of superior clones.

  Effects of Trichoderma asperellum 650 on the Growth and Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics of Transplanted Poplar Seedlings (Populus davidiana×P. alba var. pyramidlis) Zhu Guodong,Lv Manman,Yang Xingtang,Wang Hui,Liu Zhihua and Zhang Rongshu 2015, 31 (10):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110117 Abstract + ( 1238 )   PDF ( 1687KB )   ( 530 ) The paper aims to study the growth promotion action on woody plant induced by Trichoderma asperellum 650. Taking tissue-cultured Shanxin poplar (Populus davidiana×P. alba var. pyramidlis) seedlings transplanted into pots as the material, the effects of the addition of T. asperellum 650 conidia onto the root at T (5×103 cfu/cm3 soil) concentration on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of seedlings were studied. The results showed that the average plant heights, base diameters and biomass yield of T group were all significantly higher than those of CK (P<0.05). The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) curves of T and CK groups were both single-peaked and the peak values were achieved at the time point of 12:00. The Pn of T remained significantly higher than that of CK throughout the duration of 10:00-14:00 (P<0.05). On the other hand, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of T also remained significantly higher than those of CK (P<0.05) except for the time point of 8:00. Although T showed significant difference from CK in the daily intercellular CO2 concentration at the time points of 8:00 and 12:00 (P<0.05), the trends of its changes still coincided with that of CK. What’s more, the maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation points and apparent quantum efficiency of the poplar seedlings all exceeded those of CK after T. asperellum 650 induction. All the above results indicated that T. asperellum 650 induction significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of the Shanxin poplar thus promoted seedling growth.

  Establishment of A Highly Efficient Plant Regeneration System of P.×Liaoningensis Zhao Xinwen,Peng Rusheng and Zhao Jimei 2015, 31 (10):  13-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110115 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 1626KB )   ( 449 ) In order to enhance its resistance to cold, disease and pests and enlarge its growing area, a highly efficient plant regeneration system with 100% shoot regeneration and rooting rate from leaf explants of P.×Liaoningensis in vitro was established by comparing different concentrations of BA and NAA on MS medium, and it was concluded that the best medium for shoot regeneration was MS BA 0.3 mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L, and the best medium for rooting was 1/2MS IBA 0.3 mg/L. The results of this study will contribute to the improvement of the resistance of poplar and the study of the molecular breeding.

  Grafting Technology of the New Ulmus Cultivar ‘Yangguang Nvhai’ Liu Yihao,Huang Yinran,Zhang Junying,Yan Shufang and Yang Yumei 2015, 31 (10):  17-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2426 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 1708KB )   ( 536 ) The paper aims to study a grafted breeding method of Ulmus pumila cv. ‘Yangguang Nvhai’, meanwhile, research different grafting methods which could cause the problem of the corner on grafting part. The author chose Ulmus pumila of diameter 0.6 cm as rootstock and carried out L9(33) orthogonal design test. The result showed that the optimal treatment in the experiment was using the middle of annual branches as the scion and cutting in early April; the budding method could effectively avoid the corner seedling, the survival rate was 80.2%; the cutting method could also effectively avoid the corner phenomenon by using the bud on the scion and near the interface, improve the trunk straight through degrees and ensure its high growth rate, the survival rate was 86.9%, higher than the budding.

  Model Study on Growth Factors of Fraxinus in Beijing Lai Jiuxin,Pan Qinghua and Liang Ji 2015, 31 (10):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110011 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 1656KB )   ( 549 ) The paper aims to acquire the growth condition and improve investigation efficiency of Fraxinus in the urban area of Beijing, and study the DBH growth estimated model. The author used random sampling method, collected the growth index of Fraxinus in the urban area of Beijing, such as DBH, tree height, under branch height, crown width, leaf area, and classified these indexes according to DBH class, constructed the estimation model of DBH and multiple growth index by using 5 kinds of single factor model. The results showed that middle diameter class of the Fraxinus were most widely used in street trees, accounting for more than 63% of the total; the correlation of DBH and height were the highest, followed by the crown width, leaf area, clear length. The best model of DBH and height was H=98.2399-28.0859D 2.8115D2-0.0743D3, whose correlation coefficient was 0.9967 and standard error was 0.3299%. The better choice of the estimation model among DBH with other multiple growth index was: D=0.5595H2-9.6656H 2.0172h2-9.2454h-1.0413W2 12.4859W-0.0188S2 1.4996S 6.2011. The standard deviation was only 1.0242, while the accuracy was up to 95.61%. The DBH growth estimation model of the wax street trees established in this study had good effect and suitable for trees of all ages, and could provide a theoretical model with fast investigation and data update for growth status of Fraxinus, landscape quality and ecological benefit in the urban area of Beijing.

  Effects of Salt Stress on the Photosynthetic Physiology and Ions Absorption of Pittosporum pentandrum Seedlings Huang Yongrong 2015, 31 (10):  27-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110163 Abstract + ( 738 )   PDF ( 1642KB )   ( 493 ) In order to study photosynthetic mechanism of growth reduction of P. pentandrum under salt stress, the author used the method of pot experiment, took 1 year P. pentandrum as material and set salt solutions with the concentration of 0, 6, 9, 12, 15 g/kg. After two months stress, the main photosynthetic parameters, water content, and ions content were determined. Results indicated that Ls, Tr and Gs of P. pentandrum decreased with the increasing concentration of salt, intercellular CO2 increased slowly, while Pn and WUE decreased slowly. The water content of P. pentandrum root decreased while that of the overground part increased with the concentration increasing. P. pentandrum poisoned by Na and Cl- seriously under salt stress, K and Ca2 absorption were restricted, the selective absorption ability was limited. In conclusion, the results suggested that the reason of Pn decrease in P. pentandrum under salt stress was non-stomata limitation, namely the photosynthetic activity descent of mesophyll cell. This might be related to seriously ion toxicity.

  Study on the Prevention and Cure of Browning and Contamination 2015, 31 (10):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110014 Abstract + ( 1169 )   PDF ( 1476KB )   ( 580 ) As an important economic species, Toxicodendron vernicifluum could be propagated by the way of plant tissue culture. In order to solve the contamination, nystatin, amphotericin B, benzalkonium chloride, 75% ethanol and 0.1% mercuric chloride were used. Besides, cysteine, MS and White medium were used to solve browning. SPSS 12.0 statistical software was used for the single factor analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple comparison analysis. By counting contamination rate, browning rate and survival rate, the best method of disinfection was 75% ethanol soaked 1 min, 1% benzalkonium soak 1 min, 0.1% mercuric chloride for 20 min, and the contamination rate was 1.15% . The best optimum medium was White culture mixed with 100 mg/L cysteine, and the browning rate was 1.15%. The survival rate was improved to 97.67%. The efficient and stable sterile system of Toxicodendron vernicifluum had been laid a solid foundation for the whole tissue culture system.

  Advances in Research on Development and Utilization of Kolkwitzia amabilis Bai Guoqing,Chen Zhikun,Li Weimin and Li Sifeng 2015, 31 (10):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2355 Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 1411KB )   ( 587 ) Kolkwitzia amabilis, a single species of plants which is unique and endangered in China, currently was only used for ornamental horticulture. On the basis of the wild habitat investigation and its research literature, the thesis systemically summarized Kolkwitzia amabilis reproductive technology, relying on sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. It also concluded the pigment content and pigment composition of Kolkwitzia amabilis red petals and white petals, and the characteristics of its ecological communities, cultivation techniques, and endangered reasons. The measures that strengthening the protection of Kolkwitzia amabilis in the future should be concluded as the following three: construction of reserve conservation, ex-situ conservation and strengthening environmental education. The author thought that practical measures included strengthening population space-time dynamic research and having scientific prediction of the population’s future trend, the population distribution pattern, the development pattern and age structure. Besides, research on Kolkwitzia amabilis group level of genetic diversity and population genetic structure should be conducted to explore the evolution potential of Kolkwitzia amabilis as well as its relationship with the environment.

  The Experiment on Using Earthworm to Treat the Paper Mill Sludge on Woodland Chen Yuelong,Gong Xijuan,Xiao Xingcui and Song Guobao 2015, 31 (10):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100004 Abstract + ( 693 )   PDF ( 1508KB )   ( 565 ) The paper aims to look for the new way of the paper mill sludge utilization and solve the sources of the organic fertilizer for woodland. The variances of 3 mixed sludge and soil nutrient in 60 days and the effect of earthworm on poplar growth in 1 year and 2 years were studied by using earthworm to treat paper mill sludge in poplar lands. The results showed that the organic matter and total P in 3 kinds of mixed sludge decreased by 11%-47% and 60%-90% respectively in comparison with that of 60 days ago, and the total N and total K increased by 50%-200% and 43%-179%, respectively. The soil organic matter in different layers increased by 7%-42%; the available N in upper and middle soil layer increased by 2%-22%, while decreased by 21%-83% in lower layer; the available P increased by 31%-51% in upper layer, while decreased by 20%-49% in middle and lower layer; the pH values were increased slightly with no significance difference. After 1 year treatment, the single tree volume growth and DBH growth of treatment E2 (the old aerobic sludge 72% reed residue 28%) after 1 year were the highest, which were 0.0047 m3 and 4.7 cm respectively, increasing by 155% and 47% respectively compared with control. The single tree volume growth and DBH growth treated by E2 in 2 years were the highest, which were 0.0248 m3 and 9.1 cm respectively, increasing by 243% and 47% compared with control. Therefore, treatment E2 (the new aerobic sludge 72% reed residue 20% deinking sludge 8%) showed the best effect on the growth of poplar. E3 (the new aerobic sludge 72% reed residue 28%) had the best result on the individual earthworm growth, and E1 was the most rational to the cocoon production. The cocoon production mainly conducted in 0-10 cm layer during the earthworm treating sludge.

  The Physiological Responses of NaCl Stress on Radish Seedlings Mei Yi,Zu Yanxia,Wu Yongcheng,Zheng Jiaqiu,Wang Weiwei and Guo Jun 2015, 31 (10):  49-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100108 Abstract + ( 1397 )   PDF ( 1600KB )   ( 490 ) The aim was to investigate the effects of salt stress on radish seedling and its physiological response mechanism, thus to make a preliminary study on salt-tolerance mechanism and screen out salt tolerant cultivars. The seedling growth was studied under artificial medium cultivation with 5 NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol/L). With the increase of salt concentration, the seven indexes such as fresh weight of blade and wet weight of above-ground reduced significantly. When the concentration was higher than 100 mmol/L, there were significant differences between control group and treatment group. While with the increase of NaCl concentration, root fresh weight and dry weight increased first and then decreased. Under increased NaCl stress, POD, CAT and SOD in seedling decreased first, and then increased, and decreased finally. The relative chlorophyll content in seed revealed a trend of decrease, while the content of MDA increased. Soluble protein content increased first and then declined rapidly at 200 mmol/L salt concentration. To sum up, the salt stress inhibited radish seedling growth, and the effect of inhibition increased with higher salt stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities and soluble protein content had the function of maintaining the steady structure of cell velum under NaCl stress. Relative chlorophyll content and MDA could reflect the level of salt injury of radish seedling.

  The Clone and Verification of BRLSP-55 Genes About Fertility in Chinese Cabbage Peng Shenling,Ji Ruiqin and Feng Hui 2015, 31 (10):  54-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120058 Abstract + ( 759 )   PDF ( 1426KB )   ( 465 ) Applications of male sterile was an important method for Chinese cabbage breeding, acquiring most of fertile related genes could provide clue for understanding the molecular mechanism of Chinese cabbage male sterile. cDNA-AFLP was used to found differentially expressed fragments from the fertile and sterile buds of AB01, an AB line of Chinese cabbage, RT-PCR and sequence alignment were used to deduce its function. A differentially expressed fragment, named as BRLSP-55, was found by cDNA-AFLP. This fragment was just expressed in fertile buds, but no signal was found in sterile one. The difference was verified by RT-PCR. The fragment was deduced to be a thionin protein, because it was mostly similar to thionine (Thionin Protein) of A. thaliana. The fertile related gene, BRLSP-55 should be a thionin protein, which plays a key role in sterile mechanism of Chinese cabbage.

  Correlation Analysis of Bolting and Two Hsp70 Genes in Lactuca sativa L. Li Ting,Han Yingyan,Fan Shuangxi and Zhao Zhenzhen 2015, 31 (10):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120178 Abstract + ( 1076 )   PDF ( 1568KB )   ( 462 ) Based on a heat-resistant type G-S59 and a heat-sensitive type P-S11, in this study, we analyzed the relationship between bolting and two heat shock protein genes in Lactuca sativa L.(LsHsp70-2711 gene and LsHsp70-3711 gene) with the help of real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The result showed that the expression of the two Hsp70 genes in lettuce varied significantly before and after bolting, based on which we could conjecture that there was a relationship between bolting and the two Hsp70 genes in lettuce. In addition, in either type, the relative expression of LsHsp70-2711 after bolting was evidently higher than that beforehand. Moreover, when under the same treatment, the expression of LsHsp70-2711 gene in heat-resistant type G-S59 was much higher than that in heat-sensitive type P-S11 while the expression of LsHsp70-3711 gene had the opposite result. Therefore we deduced that the two Hsp70 genes not only had correlation with heat-resistance in lettuce, but also had some extent relationships with bolting.

  Effects of Different Substrate Formulas on Pepper Fruit Quality and Yield in Solar Greenhouse Wang Shupeng,Wang Bo,Yu Hongxiang,Li Lushan,Wu Tianzhen,Feng Zhi and Yu Jihua 2015, 31 (10):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110126 Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 1616KB )   ( 503 ) The study aimed to provide theoretical and technical basis for the local pepper culture in solar greenhouse by screening different substrate formulas. Using ‘Longjiao No.3’ pepper as test material, eight different substrate formulas was made by adding the different volume ratios of the fermented straw, sheep manure, cattle manure, mushroom residue, peat, vermiculite and river sand. The local traditional and commodity substrate were used as control to study the physical and chemical properties of different substrate formula and their effect on pepper fruit quality and yield. The results indicated that the formula G (corn stalk: cattle manure: peat: vermiculite: river sand=2:3.5:1:1:2.5), H (cornstalk: cattle manure: peat: river sand= 2:3.5:1:3.5), J (cornstalk: cattle manure: peat: vermiculite: river sand: mushroom residue= 2:2.5:1:1:2.5:1) showed excellent air capacity and water retention. The EC, bulk density, total porosity and the air water ratio were in optimum range; the quality of pepper fruit was excellent. The higher soluble sugar and Vc content and lower nitrate content was found in pepper fruit that planted in formula G, H and J. The yield of pepper planted in formula G, H and J was 60492.06, 59809.52 and 56939.68 kg/hm2, respectively, significantly higher than that of pepper planted in formula A (traditional substrate). In summary, G, H and J formulation substrate exhibited excellent physical and chemical properties, good fruit quality and high yield, while the main raw material was from low cost agricultural waste and sand. Therefore, these three substrate formulations can be suitable for local extension.

  Genetic Analysis of Soluble Solid Content in Cucurbita moschata Using Mixed Major Gene plus Polygene Inheritance Model Hu Xinjun,Han Xiaoxia,Su Jianwen,Yuan Zuhua and Li Yongqi 2015, 31 (10):  69-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010068 Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 1446KB )   ( 631 ) In order to understand the genetic model of soluble solid content in Cucurbita moschata, the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model was used to investigate the inheritance of soluble solid content in the material of the six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BCP1, BCP2) derived from hybrid Cucurbita moschata. The results showed that the traits of soluble solid content were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistemic effects and polygenes with additive-dominance effects model in the joint analysis of six generations. The additive effects of the two major genes were -0.7077, indicated the reducing of the soluble solid content; the dominance effects of the two major genes were 3.5034 and 1.3586, respectively, indicated the increasing of the soluble solid content. The polygenes additive and dominance effect were 2.3066 and -0.6679, respectively. The major gene heritabilities of BCP1, BCP2 and F2 populations were 17.06%, 56.01% and 95%, respectively, and the polygenes heritabilities of BCP1, BCP2 and F2 populations were 47.16%, 18.78% and 0 respectively, it indicated that the higher hereditability of major genes could be favorable to an efficient selection in early generation of breeding. This research provided the theoretical basis for the selection of breeding quality traits and marker-assisted selection in Cucurbita moschata.

  Purity Identification of Hybrid Bitter Gourd ‘Ruyu No.5’ Using RAPD and SRAP Markers Zhang Shaoping,Qiu Shanlian,Zhang Yucan,Lai Zhengfeng,Zheng Yunyun and Wu Songhai 2015, 31 (10):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100003 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 1911KB )   ( 544 ) Using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) molecular markers technology, the DNA fingerprints of ‘Ruyu No.5’ bitter gourd and its parents were analyzed to obtain the different genes differentially expressed in order to identify the purity of hybrid seeds eventually. After repeated experiments, only 1 RAPD primer(R10) screened out from 52 could amplify the characteristic polymorphic bands of F1 generation with its male parent and 2 SRAP primers (Me2-Em9, Me3-Em8) screened out from 144 could amplify the characteristic polymorphic bands of F1 generation with its female parent. With the two markers from RADP (R10) and SRAP (Me2-Em9) possessing high stability and repeatability, the seed of ‘Ruyu No.5’ from Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province were identified, and the result was roughly according to the identification from field. The result showed that this method for low cost and easy operation can be perfect to identify the purity of ‘Ruyu No.5’ bitter gourd seeds.

  Optimization of Regeneration System in Cucumis sativus L. Zhong Huili,Li Yuhong,Chen Xuelin and You Yaohua 2015, 31 (10):  80-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010107 Abstract + ( 608 )   PDF ( 1694KB )   ( 621 ) The objective of this research was to optimize Cucumis regeneration system, so as to make preparation for genetic transformation. The cucumber cultivar (‘Changchunmici’) cotyledon-nods were used as explants to investigate the effect of seed germination mediums, types of explants, seedling stages, phytohormone combinations and their ratios on the shoot-inducing mediums and the shoot elongation mediums. Results showed that higher efficiency of seed germination was obtained easily when the seeding seeds on 1/2MS sucrose 30 g/L agar 7 g/L, pH 5.8. The results indicated that the regeneration rate from different types of explants showed as cotyledon-nod > hypocotyl > cotyledon. The explant of cotyledons completely separated from husk but not flattened had high shoots regeneration rate than other seedling stages. Regeneration rate would reduce quickly when the cotyledons were flattened. When determining the concentration of 6-BA (6-benzyl amino purine) and ABA (Abscisic acid), the optimum of AgNO3 was 2 mg/L. When determining the concentration of 2 mg/L AgNO3 (2 mg/L), the best concentration combination of BA and ABA was 6-BA 1.5 mg/L ABA 0.5 mg/L. The results showed that MS 6-BA 1.5 mg/L ABA 0.5 mg/L AgNO3 2 mg/L medium was the optimal formula. The highest shoot regeneration frequency reached 90% and 3.5 shoots per explant. 6-BA at 0.5 mg/L markedly increased shoot elongation. The regeneration system of cucumber is successfully optimized and the robust cucumbers are obtained.

  Influence of Different Treatments on Germination of Cucumis sativus L. Seeds Wang Hongxian 2015, 31 (10):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2238 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 1615KB )   ( 634 ) The seeds of Cucumis sativus L. were soaked in acid and alkaline solutions, and were treated with different aqueous solutions, freezing, water bath and ultrasonic wave to evaluate the effects on the seed germination. Adopting a double-layer filter paper culture method, seeds were cultured and the germination energy, germination percentage and germination index of the seed were recorded. Then the data were analyzed. The results showed that the seed germination could be improved by soaking in alkaline solution with pH 9, continuous dark treatment, 48 h freezing, 30℃ water bath and 20 min ultrasonic treatment. Among them, the highest germination rate was 89.33% with the treatment of 48 h freezing. The study summarized the most appropriate treatment of the seed of Cucumis sativus L. and had significance on improving effective germination and artificial cultivation of the seed.

  Research Progress on Cucumber Gynoecious Inbred Line in China Wang Hebing,Xiang Huafeng,Zhang Sheng,Xiong Yan and Zhang Hongcheng 2015, 31 (10):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110026 Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 1378KB )   ( 652 ) To provide thorough and systematic theoretical basis for further study on gynoecious inbred line of Chinese cucumber and promote further development of cucumber breeding, the author summarized several research results such as the application of inducing male flower and molecular marker in breeding of gynoecious inbred line material, genomics research of gynoecious inbred line and the use of gynoecious inbred line in cucumber breeding since China had carried out the research of gynoecious inbred line. The analysis showed that China was engaged in the above aspects, but owing to the weak basic research and narrow scope of genetic germplasm resources, such researches were not deep, and most of them were in the beginning stages. Therefore, such researches should be strengthened in China. Meanwhile, this paper provided directional guidance for future study on gynoecious inbred line.

  Effects of Different Nursery Methods on the Growth of Bitter Gourd Seedlings Wan Xinjian,Zhang Jingyun,Guan Feng,Hu Xinlong,Zhao Ping and Miao Nansheng 2015, 31 (10):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110082 Abstract + ( 617 )   PDF ( 2283KB )   ( 381 ) The effects of different nursery ways, such as nursery pot, nursery tray and nutrition substrate block, on the growth of bitter gourd seedlings were studied to select the best way of bitter gourd seedling. The growth index, including speed of seedling, stem diameter, internode length, leaves number, leaves length, leaves width, ground dry weight, ground fresh weight, dry weight and fresh weight of roots of bitter gourd seedlings grown in different seedling cultivation ways were investigated in order to analyze seedling indexes. The nursery pot seedling was the best way in three seedling cultivation ways, the stem diameter of seedlings reached the maximum level of 3.02 mm; the maximum levels of leaf length and width were 5.77 mm and 6.23 mm, respectively; the fresh weight and dry weight of roots were 1.45 g and 0.08 g, respectively; the ground fresh weight and ground dry weight were 4.14 g and 0.35 g, respectively; the seedling index was 0.18. The seedlings of bitter gourd grown in the nursery pots were stronger with a thicker stem, a wider leaf, more roots and moderate height, and the seedling index was the largest. Consequently, nursery pots should be the best method to cultivate the strong seedlings for bitter gourd.

  Differentiation of 6 Flammulina velutipes Strains Using ISSR, RAPD and SRAP Markers Liu Yongnan,Chang Mingchang,Liu Jingyu,Meng Junlong,Yuan Linggang,Zhang Li and Lu Xiaoxiao 2015, 31 (10):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2607 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 1604KB )   ( 417 ) In order to accurately analysis genetic similarity of Flammulina velutipes germplasm resources, ISSR, RAPD and SRAP molecular markers were used to differentiate 6 Flammulina velutipes strains. A dendrogram, constructed using similarity coefficients ranging from 0.49 to 0.85 clustered the 6 strains into 3 groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.59. One of them consisted of 8903, another Jin-21, and the third group the remainders. Our data demonstrated that the simultaneous use of 3 different types of markers based on different principles represented a powerful tool for analyzing genetic relationships among Flammulina velutipes strains. This method is advantageous to the identification and evaluation of Flammulina velutipes germplasm resources.

  Analysis of the Principal Components of Drought Resistance and the Subordinate Function of the Min Dwarf Root Stock Apples in Shandong Province 2015, 31 (10):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110127 Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 1549KB )   ( 479 ) The use of rootstocks with drought resistance is an effective way to solve the drought problem in apple production. But currently there has been no scientific evaluation of drought resistance for dwarfing interstock. In this study, the principal component analysis and subordinate function were used in M26, SH40, MM106, M9 and GM256 dwarfing interstock (asortment ‘yanfu3’, combination of rootstock Malus hupehensis) to analyze their drought resistance in Shandong Province. The physiological and biochemical indexes such as relative water content (RWC), proline content (Pro), chlorophyll content (Chl), content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and CAT and soluble sugar were measured. Using principal components to analyze the physiological and biochemical index, and then to calculate with subordinate function and weights, the comprehensive evaluation value was obtained. The comprehensive evaluation value of M26, SH40, MM106, M9 and GM256 was 0.757, 0.716, 0.457, 0.263 and 0.136, respectively. Therefore, the intensity of drought resistance was as follows: M26 >SH40 >MM106>M9 >GM256.

  The Measures to Improve Fruit Setting and Seed Yield of Chinese Jujube in Crossbreeding Kang Yaxuan,Han Jianwei,Wang Aihua,Du Zengfeng,Pang Xiaoming and Li Yingyue 2015, 31 (10):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2628 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 1772KB )   ( 495 ) Cross-breeding is an important way for fruit breeding, but the low fruit setting and seed yield rate of jujube fruit limit the progress of jujube crossbreeding. In order to improve the Ziziphus jujuba hybridization breeding efficiency, in this study, we chose three different cultivars of Ziziphus jujuba, ie ‘Dongzao’, ‘Zaocuiwang’ and ‘Fengmiguan’ as targets, to investigate the fruit setting rules and improve the fruit setting rate among these three cultivars. The results showed that, three varieties of jujube fruit all had similar fruit setting laws. The fruit setting percentage varies in fruit spurs from different angles, with southern outside the highest, then followed by the southern inside, the northern outside and the northern inside orderly; the fruit setting percentage of perennial branches is the highest, then is 2 to 3 years, with 1 year as the lowest; the fruit mainly distributes between 3rd to 7th node in shedding shoot of jujube and its fruit setting percentage can be significantly improved by watering, fertilization and girdling treatments in the full-bloom stage. Spraying 2,4-D butylate, gibberellin and boric acid can increase fruit setting percentage significantly, but spraying 2,4-D butylate and gibberellin can decrease the percentage of kernel, while the treatment of boric acid can improve the percentage of kernel.

  Effect of Domestic Waste Compost on the Growth of Celosia cristata and Soil Property Zhang Chunying,Luo Yulan,Tian Gong,Li Yuezhong and Shen Lieying 2015, 31 (10):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2430 Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 1521KB )   ( 483 ) In order to study the effect of domestic waste compost on the growth of Celosia cristata and soil property, a pot experiment was developed with Celosia cristata grown in substrates at different proportions of soil and domestic waste compost. The property of the mixed substrates and the growth index of Celosia cristata were measured. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, nitrogen and available phosphorus were significantly raised by adding domestic waste compost. When the compost content was from 5% to 100%, the content of organic matter was raised from 22.68 g/kg to 317.71 g/kg, nitrogen was from 1.36 g/kg to 14.9 g/kg and available phosphorus was from 33.18 mg/kg to 228.25 mg/kg. The detected 8 heavy metal contents in domestic waste compost were all less than the level of organic media standards for green use, among which only the content of Cu was raised by adding the compost, but there was no significant differences between the control soil and mixed substrates of compost content of 5%-80%. The shoot and roots biomass of Celosia cristata which grew in the substrates of 5%-20% domestic waste compost were significantly higher than that of the control; the plants grew in substrates of 10% domestic waste compost were the best，the root biomass was 3.61 times of the control. Then, it is concluded that the domestic waste compost can significantly improve growth status and quality of Celosia cristata, and be used as substrate for flower cultivation, and 5%-20% compost in soil could be acceptable.

  Leaf Veins Variation and Gene Control Mode of Cyclamen hederifolium Zhao Zhixin,Lin Yan and Guo Weizhen 2015, 31 (10):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100078 Abstract + ( 865 )   PDF ( 1716KB )   ( 412 ) In order to explore the leaf veins heredity and breed excellent varieties of Cyclamen hederifolium, the selfing lines measurement of six different types are carried out, and the genetic constitution of leaf veins is studied according of the offspring separation condition. The results showed that, B or M type selfing generations were 100% B or M types, and F, H, X, L types had properties separation. The separation law showed that leaf veins of C.hederifolium were controlled by tiny effect polygene, and each site consisted of a pair alleles RL or RB, among them RL gene made phenotype for the green leaf, RB gene led to leaf phenotype for silvery white. If a locus of genotype consisted of RLRL, blade performance was dark green; genotype was RLRB, leaf appeared to be green; genotype was RBRB, blade showed silvery white; the collection pattern by all locus were formed the different kinds of leaf veins. The gene control mode about leaf veins variation is the foundation for breeding fine varieties of C.hederifolium in the future.

  Study on Callus Induction and Tissue Culture Propagation of Four New Varieties of Hosta Hu Mintong,Wang Kefeng,Ding Yan and Gu Defeng 2015, 31 (10):  129-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110160 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 572 ) For the establishment of tissue culture regeneration system of four new varieties of Hosta, we chose MS as the basic culture medium, and added in different concentrations of 6-BA and NAA to study the optimum growth medium of callus induction and subculture propagation of explant tissue culture. The results showed that high concentrations of 6- BA (greater than or equal to 3.0 mg/L) with 2,4- D (greater than or equal to 0.1 mg/L) were conducive to generate callus about the callus induction. MS+ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.3 mg/L NAA+ 35 g/L sucrose + 12 g/L agar could make the proliferation multiple of Hosta Big Daddy (No. H1) and the ‘Eagle’(No. H2) up to 2.54 and 2.78, and the MS+ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.2 mg/L NAA+30 g/L sucrose+11 g/L agar could make the‘little Huang Jinye’(No. H6) proliferation multiple up to 3.01, and the most suitable medium on proliferation of H15 was MS+ 3.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L NAA+ 30 g/L sucrose+ 12 g/L agar. The study results can provide favorable data for the induction and tissue culture of four new varieties of Hosta callus, callus induction rate of this method is the maximum, and the proliferation multiple of propagation is also the maximum.

  Research on the Division Propagation of Iris germanica L. Dong Yanfang,Zhou Yuan,Guo Caixia,Tong Jun,Ji Xiaomei,Chen Fazhi,Tan Qing,Xu Dongyun and Liu Guofeng 2015, 31 (10):  133-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0369 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 1514KB )   ( 465 ) In order to study the division propagation of Iris germanica, I. germanica ‘Black Knight’ was used as material, the effects of two plant hormones(6-BA, GA3), different spraying concentrations (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000 mg/L) and different division seasons (spring, autumn) on survival ratio of division propagation, germination rate and blooming. Results showed that both two hormones application could raise the germination rate of division propagation, 6-BA about 1000 mg/L, GA3 about 1500 mg/L made the highest germination rate; both two plant hormones application made the blossom of Iris germanica earlier, Iris with GA3 application of 3000 mg/L bloomed 16 days earlier than control.

  Physiological and Biochemical Research on Lily Bulb Formation Zhu Zhiguo and Ji Xiaolian 2015, 31 (10):  138-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100019 Abstract + ( 849 )   PDF ( 1587KB )   ( 511 ) In order to research and establish highly stable formation system, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents were studied to investigate their effects on physiological and biochemical mechanism of oriental lily ‘Sorbonne’. The results indicated that during the growth and development of lily bulb, SOD and POD activities increased, CAT activity decreased, and soluble protein accumulation and soluble sugar contents changes were closely related to the Lily bulb formation. Therefore, the changes of SOD, POD and CAT activities were closely related to the bulb induction and formation with SOD and POD activities playing leading roles in the process of lily bulb formation; soluble sugar and soluble protein accumulation provided material and energy basis for lily bulb development.

  Analysis of Monosaccharide Compositions and Contents in Polysaccharide of Dendrobium officinale from Different Bionic Cultivation Modes Xiao Qiang,Yang Cong,Zhang Zheng and Zhou Dazhai 2015, 31 (10):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010139 Abstract + ( 956 )   PDF ( 1424KB )   ( 621 ) In order to make full use of the natural forest in southwest Hubei Province, the research to determine feasibility of bionic cultivated Dendrobium officinale under natural mixed forest was carried out. Five different planting patterns of bionic cultivation of Dendrobium officinale were studied. The content of polysaccharides and the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale were analyzed by phenol-sulfuric acid method and pre-column derivatization HPLC. The results showed that the content of polysaccharides in the Dendrobium officinale ranged from 18% to 33%, of which the polysaccharides content of Dendrobium officinale cultured from Cunninghamia lanceolata was the highest. The polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale were composed of mannose and glucose, of which the ratio of mannose and glucose ranged from 4.5 to 5.98, and all met the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, the peak area ratio between mannose and glucose was significantly different. Faster polysaccharide accumulation capacity cultured from Cunninghamia lanceolata than other cultivation mode was found in the mixed forest of southwest Hubei Province in natural forest protection project. The study provided experimental evidence for the development of Dendrobium officinale utilizing natural mixed forest and understory rich moss resources in southwest Hubei Province.

  Screening and Evaluation on 10 Kinds of Indigenous Plants Suitable for Application and Promotion in Xi’an Liu Licheng,Cong Xiaofeng,Chen Hao and Han Guijun 2015, 31 (10):  148-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100037 Abstract + ( 798 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 523 ) As the indigenous plants have obvious advantages and outstanding features, they are regarded to be widely applied in the future. This paper makes brief analysis on the current status of the indigenous plant application in Xi’an, and screens and evaluates more than 30 kinds of such plants introduced by Xi’an Botanical Garden for many years, with the purpose of enriching the species of the green plants in Xi’an, and speeding up the application and promotion of the indigenous plants in the urban gardening of Xi’an.

  Research Progress on Medicinal Plant of Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl Yang Hui,Li Meng,Wang Ping,Sun Jikang and Dai Minglong 2015, 31 (10):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010205 Abstract + ( 938 )   PDF ( 1528KB )   ( 541 ) The author summarized the past study on Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl in this paper, including the general biological characteristics and development characteristics, the distribution differences, tissue culture, cuttings grafting, sexual breeding, genetic diversity, the types of medicinal ingredients, methods of isolation and purification and identification of effective components, etc. Furthermore, the author pointed out the main reason for vulnerable status of Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl and specific countermeasures. Moreover, the author believed that the establishment of Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl seed resource library, artificial breeding, GAP standardization planting, study on the main medicinal ingredients of pharmacology, pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic, new medicinal ingredient separation, purification and identification, the synthesis approach of medicinal ingredients and the genomics research will become the future research directions and focuses.

  Effects of Planting Patterns on Index Ingredients of Lysimachia christinae Hance Liu Yanqin,Liu Jie,Yang Yongdong,Jiao Yanxiang and Ren Fengming 2015, 31 (10):  158-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2630 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 2104KB )   ( 474 ) The paper aims to research effects of planting patterns on the quality of Lysimachia christinae Hance. HPLC-UV method was used to determine the material of the different planting patters and different harvest time. The production of Lysimachia christinae Hance is close under the two planting patterns, but the index content is different obviously. For example, under the “dry type”, only content of test material 25＃is higher than 0.1%; under the “half dry type”, content of all test materials is higher than 0.1%. “Half dry type” planting pattern is beneficial to improve the index component of the Lysimachia christinae Hance.

  Effect of Gradient Coastal Saline Soil on Growth Index and Na+, K+Distribution of Sedum aizoon Zhang Guoxin,Liu Yahui,Li Qiang,Wang Xiuping,Lu Xuelin and Xue Zhizhong 2015, 31 (10):  163-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2497 Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 1553KB )   ( 717 ) In order to investigate the impact of the coastal saline soil on the growth and development of Sedum aizoon, and grasp its tolerance to saline soil planting, by five gradient coastal saline soil treatments (3, 5, 7, 9, 11 g/kg etc.), the author studied the growth index and Na , K distribution of Sedum aizoon. The results showed that: with increasing salinity, plant height, branching, fresh weight and dry weight decreased, salinity which was more than 7 g/kg inhibited the growth of Sedum aizoon seriously, but plant could continue to grow with salinity of 11 g/kg; salinity which was more than 9 g/kg significantly inhibited the ground dry matter accumulation, effect of belowground biomass was significantly less than that of aboveground. As salinity increased, the Na content of root, stem and leaf tended to increase, the site content showed as the stem> leaf> root. As the salt content increased, K content of leaf decreased, but that of root and stem tended to increase, K content of the stem and leaf were three times more than that of root. As the salt concentration increased, the Na /K ratio of root, stem and leaf had an increasing trend, and under salt stress of less than 9 g/kg, Na /K ratio of root was nearly four times more than that of stem and leaf. Sedum aizoon had strong salt tolerance, less than 7 g/kg of salt had little influence on it, its salt tolerance characteristics might be associated with its perennial root and structure of stem and leaf.

  Research and Application of Wheat Seed Coating on Wheat Sharp Eyespot Prevention Ren Xuexiang,Ye Zhenghe,Su Xianyan,Ding Kejian,Chen Li and Liu Jinjing 2015, 31 (10):  167-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120198 Abstract + ( 783 )   PDF ( 1432KB )   ( 445 ) In order to study the effectiveness of wheat seed coating agent in wheat sharp eyespot prevention, the co-toxicity of thifluzamide and flusilazole to wheat sharp eyespot were tested using growth rate method, and the optimal ratio was determined. The control effect of wheat seed coating on wheat sharp eyespot was also tested. The results showed that the optimal ratio of thifluzamide and flusilazole was 1:2, and the orthogonal test six had the best results, the stability of wheat seed coating was still well after two weeks’ geothermal reservoir. The control effect was more than 90%, significantly higher than that of the comparison. In conclusion, the seed coating agent is efficient to the prevention of wheat sharp eyespot, it is a substitute pesticide.

  Resistance Mechanism of Different Rice Varieties to Brown Planthopper Xu Xueliang,Xiao Yeqing,Chen Dazhou,Hu Lanxiang and Yao Yingjuan 2015, 31 (10):  171-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100116 Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 1620KB )   ( 456 ) The aims were to select resistant rice varieties to the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) and study the resistance mechanism of the resistant rice varieties to BPH. Resistance of 2 rice varieties to BPH, was evaluated using the standard seedbox screening technique at seedling stage and adult stage. The antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance of the 2 rice varieties to the brown planthopper were tested. The results indicate that, at seedling stage, 1105113 was at resistance level to BPH, but 1105096 was at high resistance level to BPH. At adult stage, 1105096 and 1105113 both were at immunity level. The antixenosis of BPH nymphae and adult to 1105096 and 1105113 was strong. Compared with the control, the survival rate of BPH nymphae on 1105096 and 1105113 were significant lower. The tolerance of BPH nymphae on 1105096 and 1105113 was weaker, but the antibiosis was stronger. It could be summarized that the 2 rice varieties both have an excellent resistance to BPH at seedling stage and adult stage. Furthermore, the 2 rice varieties also had tolerance, antibiosis and antixenosis to BPH, and the antibiosis was stronger than the tolerance. Both of the 2 rice varieties could be used to cultivate rice varieties’ resistance to BPH.

  Identification and Genetic Relationship of Five Leafhopper Species in Xinyang Area Qiao Li,Qin Daozheng,Zhang Li,Li Boliao,Xia Mingcong,Li Huilong and Lu Zhaocheng 2015, 31 (10):  176-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110005 Abstract + ( 1119 )   PDF ( 1771KB )   ( 587 ) In order to know the host choosing habits and species distribution of leafhoppers in Xinyang area, the species and genetic relationship of the leafhoppers in four hosts were identified by anatomy identification in laboratory using genetic distance analysis of COI gene and Cytb gene. The results showed that the leafhoppers in tea plantation were mainly Empoasca onukii Matsuda. Empoasca sakaii Dworakowska was the dominant population in kenaf and peanut field, and Amrasca biguttula Ishida was also found in kenaf filed. There were mainly two kinds of leafhoppers, which were Empoasca kaicola Dworakowska and Singapora shinshana Matsumura, on peach trees. The genetic distance analysis of COI gene and Cytb gene showed that genetic relationship of the 3 kinds of green leafhoppers was close. Genetic distance of Singapora shinshana Matsumura was far away from others. The study of genetic relationship of five leafhoppers in different hosts on the molecular level provided reference for the further study of host transfer and species distribution of leafhoppers.

  Damage Characteristic and Spatial Distribution of Holcocerus arenicola Larvae Sun Pengju,Luo Youqing,Yao Donghua,Liu Chunliang and Zong Shixiang 2015, 31 (10):  182-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110078 Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 1747KB )   ( 450 ) Holcocerus arenicola is a boring pest of Salix psammophila, which seriously affects the growth of S.psammophila. In order to effectively control the insect damage characteristics and spatial distribution of H. arenicola larvae population on S. psammophila were analyzed by using biostatistics and geostatistics methods. The results of biostatistics analysis showed that the larvae of H. arenicola distributed on the roots, 91.2% of total S. psammophila samples were found to be damaged by more than 5 larvae; and different age groups of pests can harm the same plant at the same time. 78.57% of the larvae population was concentrated in the roots within 10-40 cm underground; the population density of H. arenicola larvae was related to diameter size and distribution of the root. The results of geostatistical analysis showed that H. arenicola larvae followed an aggregation distribution, and aggregation points were distributed in the northeast and southwest area of the sample plot and then spread to other areas.

  Machine Recognition of Diseases and Insect Pests on Citrus Fruits Using Complexity Measurement Wen Zhiyuan and Cao Leping 2015, 31 (10):  187-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010089 Abstract + ( 708 )   PDF ( 1714KB )   ( 490 ) To automatically recognize citrus diseases and insect pests, the ideas of complexity measurement expression and diseases and insect pests’ identification of citrus diseases and insect pests’ damage pattern features were researched. Firstly, citrus diseases and insect pests damage pattern main hue range [0,120°] was equally divided for the length of 1° to form 120° hue subinterval; secondly, pixel spread density of all hue subinterval was counted up to make as a structural sequence of citrus diseases and insect pests damage pattern complexity measurement; and then diseases and insect pests damage pattern statistical complexity measurement was calculated according to this structural sequence to make as diseases and insect pests damage character; finally a three-layer feedforward neural network citrus diseases and insect pests identification model was established to identify citrus pests and diseases in the situation that Shannon information entropy and statistical complexity measurement was regarded as input variables. Each 30 of Pezothrips Kellyanuses, Chrysomphalus aonidums, Phomopsis citri Pawcetts, and Parlatoria Pergandi Comstocks were tested as specimens, the minimum correct recognition rate, the highest recognition rate and the average correct recognition rates were 93.3%, 96.7% and 95%. The results shows that citrus diseases and insect pests damage pattern complexity measurement can fully express the typical characteristics of citrus pests and diseases, thus can be used as citrus diseases and insect pests identification.

  The Investigation of ‘Black Walnut’ in the Different Site Conditions Zhao Kaixuan,Zhang Wenchao and Feng Jinian 2015, 31 (10):  194-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0910 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 1602KB )   ( 527 ) The study aims to find out the incidence of ‘black walnut’ in different site conditions which can decrease the yield and quality in Shanyang County Shangluo City, and the reasons led to ‘black walnut’. The author selected the mountain area, shallow mountain area and plain area as 3 test fields in a walnut plantation. In each test field, 10-15 years old fruiting walnut trees were chosen stochastically. The author observed the temperature, humidity, the rate of insect fruit and the reasons leading healthy fruit to ‘black walnut’. The results showed that the ‘black walnut’ outbreak degree had a direct relationship with different site conditions. The incidence of the ‘black walnut’ in plain area was slightly smaller than that in the shallow mountains, and the maximum incidence of the ‘black walnut’ was found in the remote mountains. The reason of ‘black walnut’ in the remote mountains was black spot, followed by Atrijuglans hetauhei Yang, but the situation in the shallow mountains and the plain area were just the opposite. The results of this investigation could be a guidance to control the disease Xanthomonas juglandis Dowsen and the insect pest Atrijuglans hetauhei Yang.

  Physiological Response of Kentucky Bluegrass to the Inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani Ouyang Luping and Yin Shuxia 2015, 31 (10):  198-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2639 Abstract + ( 1967 )   PDF ( 1636KB )   ( 946 ) To explore the physiological response of kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) to the inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani, two kentucky bluegrass cultivars,‘Midnight’and‘Blue Peacock’ , which have exhibited resistant and susceptible to Rhizoctonia solani were inoculated by Rhizoctonia solani. During the inoculation period, the disease incidence and disease index were calculated and the relative conductivity, contents of MDA, proline and chlorophyll in the leaf tissues of turfgrasses were tested and analyzed comparatively. The results indicated that some parameters including disease index, relative conductivity, contents of MDA, proline and chlorophyll increased after inoculation while chlorophyll content gradually decreased compared to no-inoculation. During the 7 days after inoculation, disease index, relative conductivity, contents of MDA and proline increased higher in‘Blue Peacock’than that in‘Midnight’ . Moreover, the degree of reduction of chlorophyll content was higher in‘Blue Peacock’than that in‘Midnight’ . Correlation analysis showed that significant positive correlation were found between contents of MDA, proline, relative conductivity and the change of disease index, whereas significant negative correlation were exhibited between chlorophyll content and the change of disease index.

  Study on Flubendiamide Photolysis Kinetics and Its Mechanism 2015, 31 (10):  204-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110157 Abstract + ( 1683 )   PDF ( 1641KB )   ( 660 ) In order to study the influence of NO3- and buffer solutions of different pH on flubendiamide photochemical degradation, the author measured flubendiamide photochemical degradation under different NO3- concentration and buffer solutions of different pH by the method of liquid distribution extract and HPLC. The results showed flubendiamide photolysis half-life in different concentrations of NO3- was 0.55-1.36 h under 300 W mercury lamp irradiation. The rate of flubendiamide photolysis in acidic (pH 4) solution was the fastest, then was in neutral (pH 7) solution and it was the slowest in alkaline (pH 9) solution. Flubendiamide photolysis reaction conformed to the first order reaction kinetics. NO3- presence could decrease flubendiamide photodegradation rate. The rate of flubendiamide photolysis in different buffer solutions was pH 4＞pH 7＞ pH 9.

  Study on the Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Nitrogen Mineralization of Soil in Poplar Plantations Ge Xiaomin,Wang Ruihua,Tang Luozhong,Jia Zhiyuan,Zhu Ling and Li Yong 2015, 31 (10):  208-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110061 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 1485KB )   ( 550 ) In order to understand the nitrogen mineralization characteristics of poplar plantation soil in different temperature and moisture conditions, especially under drought condition, the author used laboratory incubation method, incubated poplar plantation topsoil from 0-10 cm layer of three soil moisture 20% (severe drought), 40% (mild drought) and 70% (control) of field moisture capacity for 8 weeks at 15, 20, 25 and , respectively. The results showed that:(1) the net nitrogen mineralization accumulation of soil was positively related to temperature (P<0.01); (2) at 15 and , the net nitrogen mineralization accumulation of soil in different moisture showed the order of mild drought>severe drought>control treatment; at 25 and , the sequence was the same as that at 15 and in early incubation, while the order was control>mild drought>severe drought in the subsequent incubation time; (3) the net nitrogen mineralization accumulation was mainly nitrate nitrogen in the soil; (4) soil electrical conductivity was significantly positively related to soil nitrate nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization accumulation (P<0.01). It was suggested that slight drought condition was conducive to soil nitrogen mineralization in the early incubation period, however, the appropriate moisture condition could promote soil nitrogen mineralization in the long-term incubation period.

  A Review of Research Progress on the Application of Microbial Fertilizer in Tobacco Production in China Chang Huanhuan,Zhang Limeng,Cui Yonghe,Ji Sigui,Su Youbo,Lin Chun and Liu Ping 2015, 31 (10):  214-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2280 Abstract + ( 1569 )   PDF ( 1535KB )   ( 598 ) This paper gave a summary on the concept and classification of microbial fertilizer, considered that microbial fertilizer products with microorganisms at the core has experienced the developmental stages which was from the adsorbent as a carrier to composite with nutrients to composite with organic fertilizer. And further the effect of its application on tobacco production was summarized from five aspects, which was growing state, disease resistance, quality, production and output, saving chemical fertilizer. As a consequence the broad application prospect of microbial fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production was affirmed. In the end, the further application research on tobacco was prospected, and it was indicated that the application effects research of flue-cured tobacco special-purpose microorganism fertilizer on tobacco should be strengthened for a specific area and applying technology of a specific flue-cured tobacco special-purpose microorganism fertilizer should also be strengthened.

  Release Kinetics of Nonexchangeable Potassium in an Orchard Soil of Winter Jujube Wang Qinghua,Du Zhenyu,Ma Bingyao,Liu Fangchun and Ma Hailin 2015, 31 (10):  221-225.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2382 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 1590KB )   ( 405 ) In order to explore release characteristics of nonexchangeable potassium (K) in winter jujube orchard (WJO) soil, the release kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium by CaCl2 and citric solution were studied by using a successive extraction method. The results showed that the soil nonexchangeable K release was comprised of two processes: rapid and slow ones. In the rapid release process (<188 h), accumulative K release amount occupied 53.6%-59.2% of the total amount, but only less than 50% in slow release process (188-1244 h). The K release amount in citric solution was higher than that in CaCl2 solution at the same time. By comparison, the K release amount of WJO was higher compared with the control. The power function equation was the best model for describing nonexchangeable K release in WJO soil.

  Accumulation and Sources of Heavy Metals in Soil and Tea-leaf in Typical Tea Gardens in Hangzhou Kong Zhangliang and Xie Guoxiong 2015, 31 (10):  226-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120062 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 1375KB )   ( 414 ) In order to study the pollution situation caused by heavy metals in both soil and tea-leaf in tea gardens in Hangzhou and its possible sources, the author chose 20 typical tea gardens in Hangzhou and divided them as gardens of suburb-chemical fertilizer, suburb-organic fertilizer, mountainous area-chemical fertilizer and mountainous area-organic fertilizer according to the location and fertilization. The author collected 0-15 cm (surface soil) and 45-60 cm (bottom soil) soil samples and both new and old tea-leaf samples for analyzing Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, Cr and Co content. The results showed that the pollution of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, Cr and Co in soil were not obvious, concentrations of those metals were lower than The Second Level Standard of Soil Environmental Quality. Except Pb in 25% samples of old leaves exceeded the safety standard, other elements in both new and old leaves were within the limiting value. The soil concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in suburb tea gardens were generally higher than those in mountain tea gardens. The soil concentration of Cd in chemical fertilizer tea gardens was slightly higher than that in organic fertilizer tea gardens. The soil concentration of Hg in organic fertilizer tea gardens was slightly higher than that in chemical fertilizer tea gardens. The soil concentrations of Zn and Cu in organic fertilizer were much higher than those in chemical fertilizer tea gardens. Application of organic fertilizer could slightly increase Cr concentration in soil. Concentration of Co was not related to human activity. It was concluded that the accumulations of Pb, Cd, and Hg in soil were mainly related to atmospheric deposition, and the accumulations of Cu and Zn in soil were mainly related to the application of organic fertilizer.

  WRF Area Rainfall Forecast Verification of Wujiang River Watershed Tang Yanjing,Peng Fang,Shang Yuanyuan and Hu Yuewen 2015, 31 (10):  232-239.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100074 Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 1838KB )   ( 475 ) The paper aims to verify the accuracy of WRF area rainfall product of Wujiang River Watershed, understand the character of WRF rainfall forecast, and propose interpretation method. WRF area rainfall product of Wujiang River Watershed in flood seasons from 2010 to 2013 was verified through methods of clear-rain verification, classified verification and forecast departure. It was found that the clear-rain forecast was quite reliable. Classified verification showed that WRF forecast was better in no-rain and especially small-rain level, but the result was not so good for over moderate-rain level. In levels above moderate-rain, forecast departures were mostly smaller than the real, and rarely close to the real. As rainfall became heavier, the departures became lager. WRF performed badly in heavy precipitation and passably in moderate-rain level. The ensemble forecast was related better to the real, which was more close to the normal.

  Construction of High Efficient Expression System of the β-mannanase Gene from Erwinia carotovora CXJZ95-198 Cheng Lifeng,Feng Xiangyuan,Duan Shengwen,Zheng Ke and Liu Zhengchu 2015, 31 (10):  240-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110094 Abstract + ( 901 )   PDF ( 1894KB )   ( 498 ) High efficient expression system of the β-mannanase gene was built. Recombinant plasmid slp-man-pET28a was extracted from the genetic engineering strain slp-man-pET28a/JM, and then transformed to E. coli BL21 (DE3). β-mannanase of the new genetic engineering strain was tested by comparing hydrolysis circle, determination of β-mannanase activity and degradation effect of the natural hemi-cellulose. New genetic engineering strain slp-man-pET28a/BL produced significant hydrolysis circles in selective medium, and secreted β-mannanase up to 645.5 U/mL, as 1.28 times and 1.97 times as that of genetic engineering strain slp-man-pET28a/JM and original strains E. carotovora CXJZ95-198, respectively. COD value of the fermented liquid in ramie raw material by the new genetic engineering strain increased by 5.13 g/L, as 1.5 times and 1.2 times as that of slp-man-pET28a/JM and E. carotovora CXJZ95-198, respectively. Reducing sugar of the fermented liquid in ramie raw material by new genetic engineering strain was 0.721 mg/mL, higher than that of slp-man-pET28a/JM strain and E. carotovora CXJZ95-198 strain by 26.7% and 10.1%, respectively. β-mannanase activity is increased greatly by the construction of high efficient expression system of the new β-mannanase gene, and it may provide scientific basis for preparation used for bast fiber bio-degumming.

  Functions of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Family in Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants Zhang Jiyu,Wang Gang,Huang Shengnan,Xuan Jiping,Jia Xiaodong and Guo Zhongren 2015, 31 (10):  246-250.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120001 Abstract + ( 2188 )   PDF ( 1533KB )   ( 652 ) Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is highly conserved across species, from prokaryotes to fungi, plants, and animals. In this paper, the author summarized the distribution of ADH gene family, ADH protein structure, the role of ADH genes in resistance to waterlogging, chilling, and drought stress in plants, and join in the anaerobic fermentation. Finally, the problems of study about ADH genes at the present stage were proposed, and the prospects were predicted as well.

  Study on Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Technology of Phloridzin in Lithocarpus polysachyus Rehd Feng Jinyu,Qin Yu,Duan Jichun and Xiao Wenjun 2015, 31 (10):  251-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100111 Abstract + ( 1352 )   PDF ( 1593KB )   ( 556 ) The aim was to prioritize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of phloridzin in Lithocarpus polysachyus Rehd.. By controlling the change of mono factors, the optimal range of the solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time were validated with ultrasonic-assisted extraction in Lithocarpus polysachyus Rehd.. And then L9(34) orthogonal design and verification experiments were used to determine the optimal extraction process. Factors influencing the extraction yield of phloridzin in Lithocarpus polystachyus were as follows: extraction time > ethanol concentration> extraction temperature > solid-liquid ratio. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows, extraction temperature 45℃, solid-liquid ratio 1:30, extraction solvent 70% ethanol, and extraction time 35 min. Under these extraction process conditions, the extraction yield of phloridzin was 1.421% and the content of phloridzin was 3.797%. The RSD of verified experiment was 0.881%, which indicated that the optimal extraction process had good reproducibility and stability.

  Comparative Analysis of Winter Wheat Yield Estimation Model Based on SAR Chen Lei,Fan Wei,Chen Juan,Xun Shangpei,He Binfang,Zhang Hongqun and Ren Zhu 2015, 31 (10):  256-260.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110161 Abstract + ( 2128 )   PDF ( 2204KB )   ( 384 ) The study aims to inform agriculture administrators of winter wheat yield in advance, thus formulate food production form and relevant policy. Experimental fields of winter wheat yield data in May before harvest, and the synthetic aperture radar(SAR) double polarized—RDARSAT-2 that were photographed in April and May in Shouxian and Huaiyuan County in Huaihe River Region were adopted for winter wheat yield estimating. The liner yield estimating models were established by adopting backscattering coefficient and experimental fields yield. Then precision of yield estimating models of 2013 and 2014 were compared. Yield estimating models established by co-polarized (HH) and cross-polarized (HV) were adopted for winter yield estimating in Shouxian County, their precision were 68.37% and 74.01%, respectively, and their precision were 63.10% and 69.10% in Huaiyuan County, respectively. Yield difference of winter wheat in the lodging region was analyzed in detail. The precision of yield estimating model based on cross-polarized (HV) was higher than that based on co-polarized (HH). Finally, the four polarized SAR image would be chosen for yield estimating according to different winter wheat growth patterns. The results of this model analysis could form the research base and gather experience for parameter correction and popularizing of winter wheat yield models.

  The Overall Design of Chinese Fishery Law Enforcement Command System Architecture Wang Lihua,Huang Qiquan,Xu Shuo,Du Weili,Liu Huiyuan,Chen Mengjie,Wang Yu,Zheng Yi and Sun Lu 2015, 31 (10):  261-268.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120065 Abstract + ( 1175 )   PDF ( 1663KB )   ( 793 ) Chinese fishery law enforcement command system is a large-scale management information system which provides fishery management operation services. Along with the development of fishery information construction and increasing demand of informatization, more and more fishery management operation services have been brought into the system, which brought new challenges to the operational efficiency and cooperativity. Through analyzing the key technologies, the researchers, based on methods of enterprise architecture (EA) and service oriented architecture (SOA), put forward the system architecture for fisheries management and optimized the overall design scheme of Chinese fishery law enforcement command system. Business architecture, data architecture, application architecture and technology architecture were designed according to the business demands and management strategy. The overall design of Chinese fishery law enforcement command system could effectively ensure the system’s flexibility, scalability and future compatibility to satisfy the increasing requirements and provided a model to realize the sharing and interconnection of fishery management information and collaboration of services.

  Study on Spatial Distribution of Rural Settlements in Central Arid Zone in Ningxia Wang Chongling,Zhu Zhiling,Bai Linbo and Lu Cailing 2015, 31 (10):  269-277.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2558 Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 2824KB )   ( 617 ) This paper, using GIS spatial analysis technology and data statistical method, analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the rural settlements in central arid zone in Ningxia, and its correlation with the environment. The results showed that the spatial distribution form of the rural settlements in the studied area had group structure, beaded structure, cyclic structure, dendritic structure and so on, and presented an “overall dispersion, relative concentration” characteristic. An important part of the study on rural settlements was the new immigrants settlements, which had a clear difference on spatial distribution: settlements in the irrigated plain districts and mountainous districts with irrigation by reservoir or well had the largest scale, while settlements in mountains, hills and platform area had smaller scale. The spatial distribution form of the rural settlements was closely related to the regional environment, and the main influencing factors were topography, traffic conditions, water resources and the level of economic development. The result of the study could provide references for rural land use planning in central arid zone in Ningxia and the implementation of ecological immigrant project.

  Development Trend of the Revenue-expenditure Structure and Relationship Between Revenue and Expenditure: 喻海东,卢亮 and 赵娟娟 2015, 31 (10):  278-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110172 Abstract + ( 1386 )   PDF ( 1535KB )   ( 483 ) To investigate the development trend of revenue-expenditure structure of rural residents, revenue and expenditure data during thirty years of the reform and opening-up in China were collected. Linear regression was used to analyze the development trend, hierarchical cluster was conducted to reveal the distribution characteristics and hierarchical partitioning was innovatively used to quantify the relationship between revenue and expenditure. The results showed that revenue-expenditure structure of rural residents exhibited a four-step linear increasing trend during the thirty years, and adjusted R2 of linear regressions for each step were mostly above 0.9. Distribution characteristics of revenue and expenditure were similar, and the highest level both occurred in seven independent branches, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian. Wage revenue and transferability-property revenue had become the main types of contributing revenue for expenditure structure of rural residents. They respectively explained 22.34%-41.59% and 41.35%-55.45% of variations in all types of expenditure. In conclusion, with characteristics of stages, unevenness, and a trend towards enjoyment type, revenue of Chinese rural residents had a similar development trend with that of expenditure and played an important role in changing expenditure structure. The findings from this study of 30 years’ long term development and methods used in this paper may provide a reference for further studies on rural economy structure and the exploration on the development of rural areas in China.

  Thoughts and Suggestions of Developing the Fishery Family Farm Zhao Lei,Li Zheng and Han Yang 2015, 31 (10):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110148 Abstract + ( 731 )   PDF ( 1270KB )   ( 495 ) As a kind of the new fishery management entities, fishery family farm is also a focal point of cultivating and developing the new fishery management entities. Fishery family farms are developing rapidly at present, which has become important driving force in promoting modern fishery development and fishermen’s income. But many problems such as non-unified standards, capital and technology constraint, weak anti-risk ability and scarcity of talents have been exposed in the development of fishery family farms. Therefore, to promote the healthy and orderly development of the fishery family farm, we need to promulgate the identification principles and standards of fishery family farm as soon as possible, perfecting the social service system of fishery family farms, strengthening the construction of the talents team of fishery family farms, and striving to create a good policy environment.