Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.8 Published:07 April 2015

  The Morphological Structure of Bone Cavity Hole of Skull in Wild Argali of Xinjiang Wang Yutao,Dai Zhigang,Guo Lijun,Zhang Xiuying and Abdurrahman Trxun 2015, 31 (8):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2490 Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 821KB )   ( 1091 ) Bone cavity hole of animal skull was out of the channel of nerves and blood vessels in the head, the bone hole morphology and the relationships with nerves and blood vessels were clarified, it is important for the production of mammalian nerve head specimens and neurosurgery. The data on skull morphology of the argli were reported in this paper, which involved bone hole anatomical features and measurement, compared with skull of the modern domestic sheep. The results indicated that there were total 13 pairs of holes and a bone foramen magnum in the skull of argali, and it was existed the corresponding nerves and blood vessels in every bone holes, The diameter for each bone hole as follows: supraorbital foramen was 10.04 mm, infraorbital foramen was 7.65 mm, foramen magnum was 21.76 mm, jugular foramen was 5.04 mm, carotid foramen was 7.86 mm, temporal orbital hole was 6.67 mm, wings foramen ovale was 18.21 mm, temporal foramen was 6.54 mm, Optic foramen was 6.28 mm, the hole under palate was 4.71 mm, palatine foramen was 4.58 mm, mandibular foramen was 9.10mm, mental foramen was 4.98 mm. Bone hole anatomical features of wild argali sheep skull consistent with the modern domestic sheep. It provided some scientific bases for the study of plateau adaptive evolution, mammalian neurobiology and the teaching of animal anatomy.

  Recent Progress on Regulatory Mechanisms of Deer Antler Ossification 李春义 2015, 31 (8):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100088 Abstract + ( 1146 )   Deer antlers are unique mammalian bony organs with periodic regeneration. Development of deer antlers initiate from antlerogenic periosteum, and the processes of ossification of deer antlers include intramembranous, transitional and modified endochondral ossification. Multiple regulatory factors and signaling pathways involve in the ossification processes and regenerations of antlers. This article reviewed histological reports and regulatory mechanisms of hormones, cytokines and signal paths in this process to provide a reference for the study of ossification mechanisms and the improvement of antler production.

  Application Studies on Mixed Particle of Introduced and Native Tropical Grass in Yunnan Dry-Hot River Valley Zhang Mingzhong,Shi Liangtao,Jin Jie,He Guangxiong,Long Huiying,Fan Jiancheng and Shao Qingyong 2015, 31 (8):  12-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2204 Abstract + ( 1117 )   PDF ( 547KB )   ( 1048 ) According to the growth pattern and used ways, collecting introduced and native grasses of rainy season to making mixed grass particles and evaluating tropical grass forages utilization in Yunnan dry-hot valley. The results showed that: the mixed grass particles, mixed Gramineae and Leguminosae forages in ratio of 1:2 to 1:3 with 35%-45% concentrated food into mixed, can not only improve the forage utilization rate, increase the palatability of the animal, but also supply needed of herbivores feed efficiently in dry winter season of Yunnan dry-hot valley. With its good advantages of digestibility, production and storage easy ability, mixed grass particle will be a mainstream type of complete feed in animal production industry.

  Effect of Sowing Date on Forage Yield, Growth and Overwintering Rate of Alfalfa Wang Yingzhe,Xu Bo,Xu Ankai and Sun Qizhong 2015, 31 (8):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120200 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 512KB )   ( 574 ) In order to explore effect of different sowing dates on forage yield, growth and over-wintering rate of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), experiments were performed in mid-eastern Jilin Province from 2013 to 2014 with Medicago sativa L. ‘Gongnong No.1’. The results showed that seedling emergence days and growth characteristics reduced gradually with the delay of sowing date. Overwintering rate and forage yield were the highest when sowing was conducted on May 9th and May 24th in the second year but were the lowest when sowing was conducted on August 9th. Overwintering rate was 98.95% when sowing was conducted on May 24th. The results implied that early-sowing could increase plant growth, but total yield reduced due to the lower overwintering rate. From the test results of two years, it can be concluded that the optimal sowing date of alfalfa in mid-eastern Jilin Province should be in May. It was better to sow before July 9th.

  Effects of Feeding Treatments with Hybrid Pennisetum Silage on the Hog Production and Meat Quality Parameters Huang Shuizhen 2015, 31 (8):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100061 Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 488KB )   ( 579 ) In order to study the effect of forages silaged by enzymes preparation on hog growth performance and pork quality, four silage forage feeding treatment groups were used. Hogs in groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ were fed by basal diet with hybrid Pennisetum adding wheat bran, hybrid Pennisetum adding wheat bran and cellulase, hybrid Pennisetum adding wheat bran and cellulose microorganisms broth and hybrid Pennisetum adding wheat bran and lactobacillus, respectively. Hogs in the control-group (CK) were only fed by the basal diet. The average daily gain (ADG) was calculated after 75 days. Pork pH and color were determined respectively one hour and 24 hours after slaughtered. Muscle marble and water holding capacity (WHC) were also determined 24 hours after slaughtered. The results showed that compared with the sows, daily gains of the boars in the four treatment groups and the CK group increased by 7.8%, 6.7%, 12.2%, 1.1% and 10.7%, respectively. Compared with the control group, ADG of the boars and sows in the four treatment groups increased by 3.31% and 5.58%, respectively. There was no statistical difference at pH1, pH24 and pork dry weight between the treatment group and the control group (P>0.05). Pork dry weight of the boars slightly decreased. But pork dry weight, color and marble value of the sows increased. Meanwhile water holding capacity especially in the boars increased. All the findings clarified that the forages silaged by enzymes preparation could be used not only to improve the average daily gain but also the pork quality. It offered good foundation for exploring of forages silaged by enzymes preparation.

  Dynamic Study on Disinfectant Treatment Effects on the Shelf Life of Chilled Chicken Liu Jun,Liu Yali,Zheng Nenzhu,Dai Liping,Wang Shuang,Tang Junwang,Liu Bojing,Li Chunmei and Lu Lizhi 2015, 31 (8):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2493 Abstract + ( 967 )   PDF ( 878KB )   ( 618 ) The present study investigated the effects of carcass treated with disinfectant on the shelf life of chilled chicken during the pre-cooling in slaughter processing. 105 spring chickens with the similar weight and health condition were randomly divided into 3 pre-cooling treatments, treatments with 84-Disinfectant and DBDMH (one kind of disinfectants) were taken as the two test groups and the other as the control group. During the whole trial, all the carcasses were kept at 4℃. Samples were collected at 12, 36, 60, 84, 108, 156, 204 h after all the treatments finished and analyzed for the changes of microbial, physical and chemical indicators in the breast muscle. The total number of bacteria treated with 84-disinfectant and DBDMH reached the level of 1×105 cfu/g and 1×106 cfu/g, 48 h later than the that of the control group, the values of TVB-N treated with the 84-disinfectant and DBDMH reached the limited values of 15 mg/100g, 96 h later than that of the control group; the values of pH treated with 84-disinfectant and DBDMH were higher than that of the control group all the time and reached the value of pH 6.4 at 204 h when compared with the control group; the content of IMP and IMF decreased by treated with 84-disinfectant in breast muscle, but little effect appeared in the DBDMH treated group when compared with the control group; compared with the control group, there were some effects on the values of L*, a*, b*, shear force and water-holding capacity in some way treated with the 84-disinfentant and DBDMH in the whole period stored at 4℃. These results suggested that 84-disinfentant and the DBDMH had beneficial effects on the shelf life of chilled chicken.

  The Research Status on Spermophilus dauricus 苏军虎,, and 2015, 31 (8):  33-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2439 Abstract + ( 875 )   PDF ( 593KB )   ( 1105 ) Spermophilus dauricus is a common species of wild rodents in China, which mainly inhabits prairie, forest, meadow and farmland habitats with the characteristics of mall size, big population, strong adaptability and wide distributions. S. dauricus is the most important vector of plague bacillus and harmful for crops, forests and pasture. This paper made a general review on taxonomic status, morphological features, all ecological aspects, experimental animal development and its pest control. Possible research directions and research gaps were proposed to provide reference for the effective monitoring, control and management in future.

  Behavioral Characteristics of Osmia and Its Application Prospects in Crop Pollination Wu Cuicui,Li Pengbo,Cao Meilian,Cao Cairong,Yang Liuliu,Ren Wenbin and Liu Huimin 2015, 31 (8):  40-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110079 Abstract + ( 780 )   PDF ( 541KB )   ( 551 ) The pollinating insects play an important role in entomophilous crops production. Osmia is a kind of wild bees distributed around the globe and has been rapidly applied to crop pollination in recent years. Osmia acts and pollinates the flowering plants usually in early spring. Compared to honeybee, Osmia has some features such as resistance to low temperature, high flower-visiting rate, good pollination effect and easy management. Research and application of Osmia in China were launched relatively late, but have made considerable progress quickly in recent years. In this paper, we summarized species, life history, pollination characters of Osmia, expounded the remarkable economic benefit that had been achieved in fruit plants by applying Osmia, and had an outlook on the future applications of this insect in the field crops. At the same time, we stated several aspects needed to be attended when using Osmia. Pollination by Osmia could meet the needs of economy, efficiency and environmental friendship in crop production, and would be a key technology in the development of modern agricultural products.

  Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine on Non-specific Immunity of Amur Sturgeon Sun Yilei,Wang Di and Liu Hongbai 2015, 31 (8):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100054 Abstract + ( 738 )   PDF ( 595KB )   ( 685 ) To screen appropriate immune enhancer of Chinese herbal medicine for Acipenser schrenckii, the effects of three kinds of compound Chinese herbal medicine on non-specific immune Amur sturgeon were studied. There were three test groups and one control group. Each group was subdivided into 2 replicates with 200 fish per replicate. Three kinds of compound Chinese herbal medicine were added with the amount of 2.5% of the body weight respectively in the basal diet to feed healthy, non-immune 1 age Amur sturgeon for 35 days. The control group was fed by diet without compound additives. When the feeding experiment finished, serum, liver, spleen and kidney tissues were collected for investigating the immunity indices of Amur sturgeon. The results showed that the contents of complement 3 and complement 4 in serum in the three experimental groups were higher than that in the control group, and the contents of complement 3 and complement 4 of compound 3 were significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). Content of lysozyme in serum of compound 3 also increased obviously(P＜0.05), but contents of lysozyme of compound 1 and compound 2 were not significantly higher (P＞0.05). Contents of lysozyme in compound 1 and compound 2 were also higher in liver and spleen but were not significant(P＞0.05). Contents of NO of compound 1 and compound 3 in serum were obviously higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). The activity of NOS in spleen did not increase significantly in the three treatment groups(P＞0.05). The challenge study with Aeromonas hydrophila showed that the three compounds, especially compound 3, could improve the livability of Amur sturgeon. The experiment results showed that compound 3 was a good Chinese herbal medicine immune enhancer which was efficient for Amur sturgeon to facilitate the non-specific immunity function.

  Effects of Chlorine Dioxide on Variation and Composition of Heterotrophic Bacteria Flora in Intestine of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) Zheng Zonglin,Wang Guangjun,Zheng Shuming and Zhu Chengke 2015, 31 (8):  50-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100113 Abstract + ( 1292 )   PDF ( 839KB )   ( 545 ) To investigate the impacts of adding disinfectants in the water on the intestinal microflora composition of aquatic animals, two different methods (splashing chlorine dioxide and hanging chlorine dioxide in bags) were adopted in the grass carp pond to study the total number of heterotrophic bacteria and the composition of heterotrophic bacteria flora in pond water, sediment, and grass carp intestine. The trial lasted 30 days with 4 treatment groups. 250 g ClO2 were splashed to the whole pool and hanged in bags respectively in group 1 and group 2. And 500 g ClO2 were splashed to the whole pool and hanged in bags respectively in group 3 and group 4. The results showed that the total number of bacteria in pond water and sediment differed significantly with different ClO2 using strategies. Among them, the total number of living bacteria in group 2 kept the highest in the three samples, whereas no significant differences were found among group 1, 3 and 4(P>0.05). Similar trend was found in the number variation of grass carp intestinal bacteria and aeromonas. Total number of intestinal bacteria and aeromonas in group 2 and group 4 ranked the first and the second, respectively. Total number of intestinal bacteria in group 2 was significantly higher than that in group 1, 3 and 4(P<0.05), and total number of aeromonas in group 2 and group 4 was also significantly higher than that in group 1 and 3(P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between group 1 and group 3(P>0.05). Furthermore, 161 bacteria were isolated based on the physiological and biochemical identification. Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtilis occupied 15.5%, 19.3% and 20.5% of the total intestinal living bacteria, respectively, and were found to be the dominant intestinal bacteria in grass carp. Besides, Shannon-wiener index in group 2 was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05) and the index in group 4 and group 1 was significantly higher than that in group 3 (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between group 4 and group 1(P>0.05). The results in this experiment effectively demonstrated that using chlorine dioxide in grass carp pond would have a significant impact on intestinal bacteria of grass carp.

  Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of CyPB Gene from Pinctada martensii Tian Rongrong,Yan Fang,,Du Xiaodong,Jiao Yu,Huang Ronglian,Wang Qingheng and Deng Yuewen 2015, 31 (8):  57-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100092 Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 704KB )   ( 824 ) In order to explore the action mechanism of cyclophilin B in Pinctada martensii, the full length of PmCyPB gene were obtained using rapid amplification technology of cDNA ends. And expression of PmCyPB in different tissues was tested by Real-time PCR. The results showed that the total length of CyPB gene was 1266 bp, including 678 bp of the open reading frame (ORF) which encoding 225 amino acids, a 5-'UTR of 62 bp and a 3'-UTR of 526 bp. The predicted molecular weight was 24829.3, and the isoelectric point was 5.77. Multiple sequence alignment showed that PmCyPB was highly conservative in CyPB gene with other species. By SMART software analysis, we found that it contained the typical domain of the CyPB family, namely peptidylcis-transisomerase. In addition, real-time PCR indicated that PmCyPB could be expressed in all of the detected tissues, including adductor muscle, hepatopancreas, haemocytes, mantle, foot, gill, gonads, with the highest expression in mantle and the second in gill. The results could provide certain theoretical basis for the further study of PmCyPB in the immune response in mollusk.

  Reproductive Performance and Male Offspring Rate of Tilapia from Different Parental Combinations [O.niloticus (♀) ×O. aureus (♂)] 2015, 31 (8):  64-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110033 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 1312KB )   ( 522 ) To study the reproductive performance of tilapia from different parental combinations and the effect on the male rate of their offspring, hybrid experiment was carried out with the Nile tilapia as female parent and the blue tilapia as male parent. 900 Nile tilapia and 310 blue tilapia were chosen for hybrid production in the first experiment, the results showed that the average fry yield per Nile tilapia is 139.5, and the male rate is 93.3%; in the second experiment, 270 Nile tilapia and 195 blue tilapia were selected from the same population in the first experiment. According to the different proportion of female and male (2:1 in group A, 1.5:1 in group B and 1:1 in group C) for hybridization, the results are as following: the average fry yield per Nile tilapia in group C (166.2) is greater than that of the B (137) and C (109.7) (P<0.01). What’s more, the male rates of hybrid offspring in group C (97.1%) was extremely significant difference (P<0.01) compared with group A (94.1%) and B (95.2%). The results of the two experiments showed that the proportion of female and male 1:1 is the the best combination of hybrid tilapia. It is important for guiding tilapia hybrid and fry breeding.

  Assessment of Aquaculture Fish Asset Value at Risk Based on VAR Method——As an Example of the Turbot Farming in the Bohai Rim Region Li Dong and Yang Deli 2015, 31 (8):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2487 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 565KB )   ( 456 ) The problem of loan difficulties has been existed in the rural small and medium-sized enterprises for a long time, the deep-seated reasons for this situation is caused by the lack of collateral. Fundamental reason for the lack of collateral is the high risk of agricultural products, and existing technical problems to assess the risk, Banks and other financial institutions tend to avoid this kind of uncertainty risk. This article is in this context, by introducing VAR method to evaluate aquaculture fish asset value at risk, from two aspects of farmed fish assets risk characteristics and the applicability of VAR method, to illustrate the feasibility of VAR method in measuring fish assets breeding value at risk. And it is applied to evaluate the breeding value at risk of turbot breeding enterprises in 2010, which is located in Bohai rim region, testing the maneuverability of the VAR method. By quantifying the risk, to make sure the debtor and creditor aware of the risk, which provide technical support to solve the loans difficulties problem of fishery of small and medium-sized enterprise.

  Gray Relational Analysis of Recreational Fishery Industry and Related Industries Ping Ying,Xu Jie and Wang Peng 2015, 31 (8):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110067 Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 610KB )   ( 707 ) In order to study the effect of recreational fishery industry on other industries, Zhejiang Province was taken for example and gray relational analysis was used to analyze how recreational fishery industry promoted the development of other industries systematically. It finally came to the conclusion that recreational fishery industry was in high correlation with culture, sports and entertainment industry, finance industry and hotels and catering services. The level of correlation between recreational fishing industry and culture, sports and entertainment industry was 0.9012, which was the highest among all industries. At the same time, recreational fishing industry was in moderate correlation with information transmission, computer services and software industry, transportation, warehousing and postal service industry and aquaculture industry. The level of correlation between recreational fishing industry and aquaculture industry was 0.5793, which was the lowest. It demonstrated that problems such as inadequate use of resources and difficulties of changing traditional ideas still existed in the development of recreational fishery in China. And it also indicated that the development of recreational fishery was closely related to the development of other industries such as culture and sports industry as well as the financial and subsidy policy of the government. The results provided suggestions for the future development and research of recreational fishing industry.

  Empirical Research on the Relevance Between Finance and Fishery Industry Tan Chunlan and Xu Ting 2015, 31 (8):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100115 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 535KB )   ( 744 ) In order to promote the optimization and upgrade of fishery industry structure of Shanghai, this article applied co-integration test and Granger causality test in research and used financial and fishery data of Shanghai from 1995 to 2011 to study the relation between Shanghai’ s financial development and fishery industry structure. The results showed that there was no long-term relationship between financial development and fishery industry structure, and they were not the causal reasons of each other. Finance development did not have significant effect on Shanghai’ s fishery industry structure. Taking the experiences of fishery industry in Japan and Taiwan as reference, the study put forward suggestions like establishing effective fishery institutions and financial guarantee system, and deepening financial reform for the optimization of Shanghai fisheries industry structure.

  Comparative Analysis of Big City Residents’ Consumption Level and Consumption Characteristics of Aquatic Products in China 2015, 31 (8):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2289 Abstract + ( 1842 )   PDF ( 770KB )   ( 658 ) Aqua-products consumption in our country varies greatly in different areas with distinctive natural conditions and unique customs and culture. This paper bases on the questionnaire research in three areas of Beijing, Shanghai and Xi’an. From the perspective of region, it targets on urban residents in different areas to analyze their consumption level, purchasing tendency, consumption variety, main consumption form, dominated trade location and preferences for seawater or fresh water products and captured or farmed ones. Finally, the paper proposes some instructive suggestions to improve the consumption level of aqua-products in different areas.

  Optimization of A Marine Bacterium Chromogenic Medium 2015, 31 (8):  93-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2094 Abstract + ( 1105 )   PDF ( 500KB )   ( 627 ) A kind of marine bacteria chromogenic medium was improved to enhance effect of detection by changing the CHROMagar marine bacteria sodium thiosulfate in the culture medium (0.500; 0.375; 0.250; 0.125g/L), ONPG (1.5; 1.0; 0.5g/L), fiber two sugar (4.00; 3.0; 2.0; 1.0g/L) concentration. The results showed that there were more marine bacteria?colony numbers and more clear colony color when Sodium thiosulfate reached to 0.25g/L, Fiber two?sugar reached to 2.0g/L and ONPG reached to 0.5~1.0 g/L. It indicated that this research could reduce the cost, furthermore, it also could improve the detect effect.

  Research Advances on Encoding Protein and Disease Resistance of Lily Viruses Xu Pinsan,Ji Wenjie,Zhang Zhengyao and Jiang Xu 2015, 31 (8):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110041 Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 519KB )   ( 748 ) Viruses in the lily plant are the bottlenecks of lily bulb quality in China, thus, studies on the mechanism of interaction between the virus and host are extremely important. We summarize the genetic structure, encoding protein and disease resistance of the most common viruses infecting lily plants. The results suggest that gene structure and the coding protein from lily virus are related, in addition, there is a highly conserved evolutionary process of different encoding proteins. Current anti-virus situation of gene engineering and a few new theories and methods are presented in this paper. Meanwhile, we analyze and forecast the development tendency of breeding potential of disease-resistant lily. Along with the deepening of research in genetic engineering of antivirus, we should effectively prevent and control infection in lilies.

  Effects of Compound Biocontrol Strains Against Tobacco Black Shank Disease Yu Huiping,Luo Dingqi,Dai Yuanfeng,Xu Chuantao and Chen Xue 2015, 31 (8):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110004 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 738KB )   ( 560 ) This study was conducted to screen antagonistic bacteria against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae from tobacco rhizospheric soil and to select compound antagonistic bacteria with high inhibitory effects for biocontrol of tobacco black shank. Soil samples were collected from tobacco fields in Bijie City, Guizhou Province and Luzhou City, Sichuan Province. Plate dilution method was used to isolate soil bacterial strains. The isolated strains were screened by plate confront culture method. The compatibility of screened antagonistic bacterial strains was tested by filter paper method to decide the compound bacteria. Further more, pot and field experiments were carried out to study the inhibition and biocontrol activities of single bacterial strains and compound bacteria. Bacterial strains with strong antagonistic activities were identified based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. A total of 247 bacterial strains were isolated from 17 soil samples, 19 exhibited antagonistic effect on P. parasitica var. nicotianae among them. 6 bacterial strains with good compatibility made up compound bacterial combinations B3B64, B41B57 and L7L47. In the further experiments, B41B57 and L7L47 showed high inhibition effects which reached 75.72% and 77.95%in pot trials and 67.99% and 71.40% in field trials. The compound bacteria increased inhibition effect compared with the single ones. 16S rDNA sequence analysis identified strain B41 as Bacillus subtilis, L7 and L47 as B. amyloliquefaciens and B57 as Pseudomona putida. The compound bacterial strains B41B57 and L7L47 which exhibited excellent inhibition efficacy of P. parasitica var. nicotianae can be exploited as efficient biocontrol agents against tobacco black shank.

  Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Defensin Gene from Brassica napus Gao Tianshu,Zheng Xiaomin,Guo Nan,Bai Ruiying,Huang Xinglin,Lu Junxing,Gong Huiming and Zhang Tao 2015, 31 (8):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100053 Abstract + ( 798 )   PDF ( 689KB )   ( 546 ) The aims were to investigate the structure and function of Brassica rapa defensin genes. According to the sequence of Brassica rapa defensin genes, 4 Brassica napus defensin genes were cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and predicted by bioinformatic methods. The results showed that the cDNA sequence was 325-335 bp, and the open reading frame (ORF) was 231-243 bp which could encode a polypeptide of 78-80 amino acids. Brassica napus defensin genes resulted in significant differences in the long evolutionary process, resulting in significant differences, but the 6-8 conservative cysteine residues are stable. Phylogenetic tree showed that Bndef1, Bndef2, Bndef3 had close genetic relationship with Raphanus sativus Rs-AFP1 and Orychophragmus violaceus Omdef, Bndef4 had close genetic relationship with Vigna unguiculata Vudef. The Brassica napus defensin genes defensin proteins were stable protein with a signal peptide structure, which might be secreted protein.

  Acquisition and Sequence Analysis of MuLigⅠ Gene from Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Wang Taoni,Kong Weiqing and Yang Jinhong 2015, 31 (8):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120166 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 570KB )   ( 761 ) For further study on the role of DNA ligase Ⅰ in the replication of viroid, the DNA ligase Ⅰ gene was obtained from MMDVd-infected mulberry leaf. The gene was amplified by degenerate primer designed in the conserved domain according to the homologous genes and RACE methods. The results showed that the mRNA sequence of MuLig Ⅰ was 2 730 bp in length. The open reading frame (ORF) was 2367 bp and encoding 788 amino acid residues. There were conserved DBD domain (173-351 aa), catalytic domain (405-771 aa), and mitochondrion and nuclear location signal (MLS and NLS) in MuLigⅠ. The MuLig Ⅰ gene in this study contained conserved structural domain and active site, and like the DNA ligase Ⅰ gene of tomato, might be involved in the replication of MMDVd.

  Advance in Transcriptomics and Its Application in Olericulture Research Lian Jie,Zhang Xichun and Gu Jiantian 2015, 31 (8):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100038 Abstract + ( 1066 )   PDF ( 493KB )   ( 684 ) This article not only introduces the main method and principle of transcriptome but also analyzes its application to vegetables and other plants. Genomic data scarcity existing in vegetables can be overcome by the study of transcriptome. What is more, it can clarify the genes structure and its effects in resistance. It was showed that the current method of transcriptome mainly based on hybridization or sequencing technology which consisted of gene chip, SAGE(serial analysis of gene expression), MPSS(massively parallel signature sequencing), and RNA-Seq(RNA-sequencing); research on transcriptome could be used to understand the resistance of vegetables, the molecular mechanism of disease resistance, and demonstrate specific gene expression. But high-speed sequencing and scientific analysis were the bottlenecks restricting its development. Therefore, we believed that caution was needed in the molecular mechanism demonstration when proteomics and bioinformatics were used to provide further evidence; while cutting-edge biological theories like transcriptome should be applied more to the vegetables.

  Weather Prediction Model of the Occurrence Period and Extent of Rice Planthopper in Huazhou Chen Bing,Yan Songyi,Jiang Mantao,Li Ying,Li Zhijie and Chen Guanhao 2015, 31 (8):  123-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100035 Abstract + ( 1226 )   PDF ( 630KB )   ( 516 ) Huazhou is an important rice production base in Guangdong Province. Planthopper is one of the major rice pests. The weather condition is a key factor causing the occurrence and development of rice planthopper. The main harm generation of rice planthopper on late rice in Huazhou is the 6th generation. In order to acquire the rules between meteorological factors and rice planthopper occurrence, the author studied the relationship between the 6th generation rice planthopper occurrence period and extent and meteorological conditions. Therefore, the author could improve the accuracy of the prediction on rice planthopper occurrence period and extent by using meteorological factors. The author used stepwise regression with SPSS analysis software to analyze the data of the rice planthopper main harm generation’s impact on late rice and corresponding meteorological information of Huazhou in Guangdong Province from 1996 to 2011. Applicable meteorological factors were selected and prediction models were built on the late rice planthopper main harm generation’s adult peak period, nymph peak period, occurrence extent and occurrence area. The author chose 2012 and 2013 data as independent samples to do the model test. The statistical forecast models of adult peak period, nymph peak period, occurrence extent and occurrence area of the 6th generation rice planthopper were all approved by significant testing at 1% level. Substitute the corresponding meteorological observation data from 1996 to 2011 in the formulas, and the annual variation trend between the measured and simulated values was consistent, and the relative accuracy was 87.5%, 93.8%, 90.9% and 94.2% respectively. The results showed that the measured and simulated values could be in good agreement with the actual values in the year of 2012 and 2013, therefore they could be used in rice planthopper forecast. By stepwise regression analysis of the occurrence and extent of rice planthopper main harm generation (the 6th generation) prediction examples in Huazhou, the author could find that the prediction ability of this method was good. When there was a high correlation between the selected meteorological factors and the measured values, the author could predict the occurrence extent range. While establishing the model of the rice planthopper occurrence period and extent, the author took the precursor value, therefore the model was more predictable.

  Residual Dynamics of Abamectin 3% ME in Pear and Soil 2015, 31 (8):  128-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2449 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 587KB )   ( 610 ) This paper reported residual dynamics of abamectin 3% ME in pear and soil. Dissipation dynamics and final residues of abamectin in pear and soil were determined by HPLC with pre-column fluorescent derivatization. The results showed that the sensitivity, accuracy and precision of the method accorded with the requirement of pesticide residue analysis. The half-lives of abamectin were from 1.1 days to 2.6 days in pear, and in soil were from 2.1 days to 5.7 days. The maximum final residue of abamectin in pear was 0.0090 mg/kg, while in soil was 0.0157 mg/kg. For the moment, the MRLs of abamectin in pear were regulated as 0.02 mg/kg in China. On that, abamectin 3% ME was applied to control Psylla chinensis Yang et Li with the dosage less than 18 mg a.i./kg and used from 3 to 4 times, the safety interval was 7 days.

  Analysis of the Composition and Eco-niches of Major Weeds During the Early Growth Period of Late Rice in Ningbo 2015, 31 (8):  134-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0626 Abstract + ( 975 )   PDF ( 1514KB )   ( 555 ) The study aims to make clear the composition and eco-niches of the major weeds during the early growth period of late rice, and to predict the evolution of weed communities under the action of herbicides. Weed communities in late rice fields of Ningbo were studied by using diagonal five-point sampling method. The results showed that Echinochloa crusgalli, Leptochloa chinensis, Ammannia arenaria, Cyperus difformis, Sagittaria pygmaea, Leersiahexandra swartz were the main populations in this area. The niche breadth and niche overlap of the species were calculated. The results indicated that E. crusgalli and L. chinensis had time and horizontal niches breadth >0.90, their niches overlaps were the highest (0.9088, 0.8261), which indicated that they were the dominant species in the early growth stage of late rice. A. arenaria had minimum time niche breadth (0.4955), but had higher horizontal eco-niches overlaps together with E. crusgalli and L. chinensis, which were 0.7201 and 0.6990 respectively. This indicated that A. arenaria had a later germination, but with strong competitive advantage. Neglecting of prevention on A. Arenaria will lead it to be the dominant species in the late stage of rice growth.

  Analysis of Energy Flow of the “Pig-biogas-grain” Circular Agricultural Mode and Benefit Evaluation in Guanzhong Plain Sun Lu,Tian Guocheng and Wu Faqi 2015, 31 (8):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2621 Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 1536KB )   ( 667 ) To explore the energy flow, control ways, benefits of the “pig-biogas-grain” circular agricultural mode, and whether it is suitable for popularization in Guanzhong plain, we analyzed the energy input and output, energy flow direction, energy circulation index and the benefit of this mode by the energy flow theory and system analysis method. The results showed that this circular mode was an environment-friendly agricultural production mode which mainly focused on pig breeding together with straw returning and biogas engineering. The input energy of this system was mainly organic, the ratio of solar energy utilization of crop was 1.19%, and the index of energy cycle was 0.92, with a high stability and self-maintenance ability as well as a high mechanization degree. The income of farmers would increase 7149.78 yuan every year with the practice of this mode, and ecological and social benefits would also be enhanced. But the low cropping index and low science technology investment leaded to the low ratio of energy output-input. The cycle model is suitable for Guanzhong area, the principle of restructuring and optimization according to the local conditions should be taken, and the developmental strategy of agricultural technical guidance department should be improved when the mode is applied.

  Analysis on Fertilizer Efficiency and Microbial Diversity of Compost with Bacterium Agent Liu Changli,Li Na,Wang Baoxin,Li Chunling and Qi Yingjie 2015, 31 (8):  145-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100027 Abstract + ( 1063 )   PDF ( 1673KB )   ( 828 ) In order to accelerate agriculture and animal waste transform into organic fertilizer to increase soil fertility, a stable cellulose decomposing bacterial community was screened out which could decompose 36% of rice straw within 14 days. Many kinds of volatile products (L-lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid) were detected by GCMS, most of them were advantageous to increase soil organic matter. In the northeast of China, two composts were piled up and the bacteria agent was added to only one of the composts. We found that the highest temperature was 63.0℃, temperature over 55.0℃ maintained for 7 days in compost added with bacteria agent. In addition, time of thoroughly decomposition of the compost added with bacteria agent was 17 days shorter than the compost without bacteria agent. After piled for 57 days, in compost with and without bacteria agent, the soluble sugar was 11.80 and 8.92 mg/L, respectively, and C/N was 12.65 and 13.69, respectively. The 454 pyrosequencing technology was used to survey the whole bacterial community. The predominant strains belonged to three genera: Bacteroides sp., Firmicutes sp. and Clostridium sp.. But the bacterial diversity was much abundant of the added with bacteria agent. The resulted showed that the compost added with bacteria agent can not only cut down organic fertilizer’s stacking time but also increase its fertilizer efficiency.

  Study on Spatial Variability of Organic Matter Content and Impact Factors in Tobacco Soil of Longhui Sun Shubin,Jiang Zhimin,Liu Guanghui,Yao Xuemei,Yang Hongqi and Hu Bin 2015, 31 (8):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2341 Abstract + ( 837 )   PDF ( 1751KB )   ( 579 ) In order to reveal the distribution of organic matter contents in tobacco growing soils and its influencing factors in Longhui, spatial distribution of organic matter contents, and the distribution influential factors, such as soil type, soil texture, pH and so on, were analyzed. Results showed as follows: (1) organic matter contents in the tobacco soil were higher for tobacco cultivation with amplitude of 5.37-86.46 g/kg and variation coefficient of 28.09%, organic matter contents of about 21.09% of the soil samples were fit for tobacco cultivation; (2) significant differences were found among the different villages and towns for the contents of organic matter, the soil organic matter contents in the 6 main tobacco planting villages and towns were higher, and of medium variability and low variability; (3) significant differences were found among the different soil types, the contents of organic matter from red soil and yellow soil had a suitable level, and other types of soil had a higher contents of organic matter; (4) significant differences were found among the different soil texture, the average organic matter content in the tobacco soil was 32.03-34.21 g/kg; (5) significant differences were found among the different soil pH, the organic matter contents increased with the rise of the pH value, and the organic matter contents was higher in soil which had pH＞7.0 in Longhui.

  Effect of Cd2+on Activity of SOD and POD of Limnodilus claparedianu Yuan Ziao,Wu Jinhong,Chu Yanyan,Jiang Qiuyao and Chen Ying 2015, 31 (8):  159-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2415 Abstract + ( 871 )   Cd2 general exist in pharmaceutical wastewater, even if low dose Cd2 expose in environment can cause renal dysfunction , bone mineral density reduce, excretion of calcium increase and genotoxicity, ecological entironment deterioration caused by Cd2 draw the attention of various countries in the world. This paper acquired the theoretical value of semi-lethal concentration (LC50) of 24 hours was 0.471 mg/L. We chose 5 concentration of Cd2 between 0.415mg/L and 0.535mg/L to disposed Limnodilus claparedianu 24 h, examed the variation of L.claparedianus superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) activity. The result demonstrated that stressed at different of Cd2 concentration, the activity of SOD and POD of L.claparedianus all have changed, but the continuous change trend of tow enzyme are opposite. It showed that these tow enzyme has different biological mechanism , it meybe play different role in the project of cell resistance the foreign pollutant.

  Comparative Analysis of E-601B Evaporation and Small Evaporation Du Hong,Duan Ya’nan,Liu Li,Liu Lan,Zhang Ling and Tang Hongjun 2015, 31 (8):  164-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1060 Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 1467KB )   ( 802 ) Nowadays, some observation stations cancel the artificial observation of evaporation (during time when there is no ice formation). They obtain this data from evaporation tank. In order to gain successional and comparative data, we should calculate the conversion coefficient between evaporation tank and artificial observation equipment. The author adopted interrelated coefficient, significant correlation test and the characteristic of distribution coefficient in order to get the distribution characteristic of evaporation tank and artificial equipment. Simultaneously, the author calculated the conversion coefficient, upper coefficient and analysis of dispersion. The results showed that the inter-annual variability was different due to evaporation measurement equipment. Only values of evaporation tank in spring season passed significance test, the evaporation value had a weak correlation with time. Artificial evaporating value was slightly larger during the spring and summer seasons, Kurtosis coefficient was slightly deviated from 0; the summer evaporation distributed in the median range obviously. In June, July, August, October, the conversion coefficient was smaller than that of any other time, upper coefficient tendency was similar with evaporation value tendency in months. Especially during the season without ice formation, there was a rising tendency of the conversion coefficient. In conclusion, the liner correlation was obvious in average monthly evaporation value during many years; it was a good way to carry out the evaporation conversion.

  Analysis of Variation Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation Index in Benxi Mountainous Area Ji Qi,Zhao Lei,Gao Wei and Lin Shuang 2015, 31 (8):  169-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110149 Abstract + ( 1587 )   PDF ( 1640KB )   ( 667 ) In order to further explore the occurrence regularity of precipitation and flood disaster, develop and utilize the water resources in Benxi Mountainous area, according to daily precipitation data of Caohekou meteorological station in Benxi from 1953 to 2012, 6 extreme precipitation indexes were analyzed. The results showed that the annual precipitation had significant inter-annual fluctuations, but without significant tendencies, the seasonal precipitation had no obvious change tendency. The annual precipitation days had displayed a decreasing trend since 1974, except the spring precipitation days which had no obvious variation trend, other seasons showed a significant decreasing tendency. The mutation occurred in the summer of 1976 and in the autumn of 1987. Rainfall intensity had no obvious variation trend, the variation of the maximum rainfall of consecutives 5 days was not obvious, but inter-annual difference was significant. The annual extreme precipitation events showed no significant variation trend, periods of more precipitation were 50s, 60s and 80s of the 20th century.

  Analysis of Precipitation Variation Characteristics of Maize Growth Season in Recent 60 Years in Chaoyang Area of Liaoning Province Zhang Furong,Zhang Yushu,Zhang Shujie,Liu Zhipeng,Su Hua and 冯淑霞 2015, 31 (8):  174-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100064 Abstract + ( 1105 )   PDF ( 1530KB )   ( 751 ) The author used the method of climate inclination rate, the relative variability of precipitation and the division of base years to study the variable precipitation characteristics of each growth period and the growing season of corn in recent 60 years in Chaoyang area. The results showed that the climate inclination rate of precipitation of corn growing season in recent 60 years was -6.55 mm/10 a, presented a downward trend. The precipitation variation trend of different corn growth periods was different, the precipitation in corn planting-seedling stage and mature period showed an increasing trend, the climate inclination rates were 4.2 mm/10 a and 0.3 mm/10 a, respectively. The precipitation in jointing-booting stage presented a downward trend, the climate inclination rate was -10.6 mm/10 a. The precipitation variation trend in different base years had significant difference. The second base year precipitation decreased most obviously, climate inclination rate reached -23.7 mm/10 a. The third base year precipitation increased obviously, climate inclination rate reached 29.0 mm/10 a. The precipitation relative variability of corn growing season and each development period in Chaoyang was great, years of deficient precipitation accounted for the most, years of normal precipitation accounted for the least. The research results provided climatic evidence for variety selection, improvement of cultivation pattern as well as disaster prevention in corn production in this area.

  Multi-Scale diagnostic analysis of heavy rainfall in Shandong Zhang Qin,Li Xiaoli,Wang Shijie,Zang Haiguang,Liu Guicai and Yang Meng 2015, 31 (8):  179-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2376 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 2750KB )   ( 489 ) Based on encryption automatic station data and sounding data and NCEP reanalysis data and the data observed by radar and satellite data, the heavy rainfall event on 12-13 July 2013 in Shandong Province has been diagnostically analyzed. The result shows that the subtropical high has a short-term adjustment after Typhoon “Soulik” trough landed. The south airflow of subtropical high on the west side flow into the inland, and meet with weak mid-latitude cold air, triggered the instability energy release. The heavy rain occurred in deep warm current and deep strong upward movement of the zone. Heavy rain fall area and the direction of movement with the strong upward movement of the center of relevance is better. The heavy rains happened on the surface of the formation of the multiple small and medium scale convergence line. The ground of small and medium scale convergence line and terrain has certain corresponding relationship. The terrain effect on precipitation has increased. TBB corresponds to the zonal distribution of multiple mesoscale convective cloud cluster, the strongest genting bright temperature is usually between -40--50 ℃. Echo in south of the zonal distribution of stratiform cloud echo constantly have new development of medium and small scale convective monomer, and arranged in a narrow strip, causing strong convective precipitation in Radar.

  Application of Doppler Radar Data Assimilation in A Local Rainstorm Case in Anhui Province Chen Guangzhou,Lou Shanshan,Yuan Song and Li Xin 2015, 31 (8):  187-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2388 Abstract + ( 985 )   PDF ( 2638KB )   ( 497 ) In order to study the radar data assimilation effect on Anhui rainstorm forecast, the author used WRFV3.4 mode to simulate a heavy rainfall from July 12 to July 14, 2012 in Anhui Province, selected the combination of Eta microphysical scheme and GD cumulus parameterization scheme, and used the three-dimensional variational assimilation system of WRFVAR3.4 to carry out the direct assimilation test with radar radial velocity data. Comparing precipitation of assimilation experiment and control experiment with actual rainfall, it was found that assimilation radar radial velocity could significantly improve the precipitation forecast in a certain period. Especially in the earlier 6 h, assimilation experiment had significant improvement than control experiment in three grades which were light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain, and after joining Doppler radar data assimilation, wind field convergence characteristics in rainfall area was more apparent, wind speed also had certain enhancement, rainfall intensity and center were closer to actual values. During 12 h after assimilation radar radial velocity data, it was found that the advantage of assimilation test was not obvious gradually.

  A Study on Forecast Method of Snowstorm in Fuxin Wang Xianbin,Xin Yanhui,Chen Yanqiu and Zhao Zhenyu 2015, 31 (8):  199-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110024 Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 2167KB )   ( 592 ) The paper aims to improve the forecast ability of snowstorm and provide reference for weather disaster’s early warning which serves facility agriculture. The author summarized 25 snowstorm processes from 1955 to 2013 based on the conventional observation data and reanalysis data (horizontal resolution 1?×1?) from NCEP. The results showed that: (1) the time-space distribution of snowstorm was significant, focusing primarily on the period from October to April of the following year; (2) the style of 500 hPa was two-ridge-one-trough and ladder-groove, the style of surface weather situation was north-China cyclone, Mongolia cyclone, Changjiang-Huaihe cyclone or inverted trough, respectively; (3) a low-level jet was formed before snowfall and it offered dynamical condition and water vapor; (4) the author selected 6 forecast factors (moisture flux divergence, specific humidity at 850 hPa, K index, potential pseudo-equivalent temperature at 500 hPa, vertical velocity at 700 hPa and divergence between 500 and 850 hPa), which had apparently physical significance to snowstorm weather, to establish forecast equation of Fuxin and achieve objective forecast of snowstorm.

  Vulnerability zoning of lightning disaster in Hubei province based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model and weight analysis 2015, 31 (8):  206-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2126 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 1393KB )   ( 568 ) Using the lightning data by ADTD from 2008 to 2011 and lightning disaster statistics from 1999 to 2008 in Hubei Province and selecting lightning strike density, strong lightning more than 50kA, lightning disaster frequency, economic loss modulus and life vulnerability modulus as lightning disaster vulnerability risk evaluation indexes, vulnerability analysis indexes are calculated for various districts of the city. The parameter which is lightning disaster frequency must be modified. Only the parameters are placed in a horizontal line, the lightning vulnerability analysis will be scientifically. They are classified into five degrees and the degree values of vulnerability of lightning disasters for each are obtained. Then, it comes to the vulnerability zoning of the lightning disaster in Hubei. The results show that: The main features of the high-risk zones are higher lightning disaster, better economic development and densely populated; while the low-risk areas are opposite. Lightning hazards is not only related to the geography, climatic environment, but also to the population density and economic development situation.

  Analysis of Agricultural Disasters and Countermeasures for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Anhui Province Chen Juan,Chen Lei,Lv Kai,Zhu Miao,Ren Zhu and Luo Shoujin 2015, 31 (8):  212-217.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110021 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 1617KB )   ( 579 ) This study aims to analyze the occurrence and distribution of major agricultural disasters in Anhui Province and explore corresponding countermeasures for disaster prevention and mitigation, thus providing reference for realizing sustainable agricultural development and ensuring food security in Anhui Province. Based on the data of agricultural disasters, grain-planting area and total grain output in Anhui Province during 1978-2012, the impacts of agricultural disasters on agricultural production and the occurrence and distribution patterns of major agricultural disasters, such as flood, drought, wind hail and frost in Anhui Province were analyzed. Moreover, corresponding countermeasures for disaster prevention and mitigation were proposed. The results showed that, since 1978, agro-meteorological disasters occurred frequently in Anhui Province. The affected area was particularly large in 1991, 1998 and 2003. Overall, total grain yield in Anhui Province exhibited an upward trend; area covered and affected by agro-meteorological disaster was negatively correlated with total grain yield. In 1979-2012, total grain yield in Anhui Province exhibited a cyclical fluctuation and was negatively correlated with annual growth rate of affected area, with every three years as one cycle. Drought, flood, hail and frost were the major disasters affecting agricultural production and development in Anhui Province. Specifically, flood and drought were the most major disasters, causing over 80% of area covered and affected by agro-meteorological disasters in those years with severe hazards. The drought disaster-covered area index was greater than flood disaster-covered area index in most cities of Anhui Province, indicating that drought was the most important agro-meteorological disaster affecting agricultural production and development in Anhui Province. This study provided technical basis and reference for effective management of agricultural disaster risks and development of relevant strategies in Anhui Province.

  Prediction Method of Air Quality in Lhasa City Lin Zhiqiang,Luobu Ciren,Ma Yanxian and Deqing Zhuoga 2015, 31 (8):  218-222.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1358 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 596 ) Using meteorological observations, upper-air observations and numerical weather prediction products from 2008 to 2012 in Lhasa city, 68 meteorological factors associated with air pollutants were picked up and standardized to establish the regression equations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in different seasons. The human activities such as Incense and fireworks in religious activities and festivals holidays were revised forecast for the results obtained concentration of pollutants. The data of 2013 were used to test forecast and took a good prediction results. In spring, SO2’s average absolute error (AAE) is between 0.001 and 0.0022 mg/m3, average relative error (ARE) lays 15.3%-27.0%; NO2’s AAE is between 0.003 and 0.005 mg/m3, ARE lays 17.2%-27.5%; PM10’s AAE is between 0.006 and 0.019 mg/m3, ARE lays 16.6%-28.6%.The Air Pollution Index(API) forecast accuracy is between 78.2%-87.8%. The prediction method can fulfill the needs of air pollutant concentrations forecast service in Lhasa city.

  Analysis of the Three Modes Based on the Historical Observation Data from Relocation Meteorological Station Zhou Xiaoqian,Li Youjun,Li Xueyuan and Wang Yunfang 2015, 31 (8):  223-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100140 Abstract + ( 1189 )   PDF ( 1620KB )   ( 771 ) Taking Shen county national reference climatological station, Guan and Chiping county national ordinary meteorological stations as reference stations and using the methods like difference value comparison, linear trend, correlation coefficient and uniformity t test, the author analyzed the integrity, consistency and uniformity of observed data sequence from 1961 to 2013, including annual average temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed of Liaocheng national ordinary climatological station. The results indicated that: (1) the monthly and yearly miss rate was 0% in Liaocheng Station present site, and the integrity of observational data was well; (2) the consistency of regional temperature was good, and due to the limitation of regional precipitation, the regional consistency of precipitation was ordinary; affected by the sites and meteorological observation environment change, the regional consistency of wind velocity and relative humidity were poor in present site after 2003; (3) the annual average temperature was a continuous sequence, the continuity of average annual precipitation and relative humidity were fine, the continuity of average annual wind velocity was poor, the site change and growing trees around site location had impacts on the uniformity of station observations.

  Comparative Analysis of the Polyphenol Contents in Different Fruit Parts of Different Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot Clones Tan Wei,Tang Xiaoping,Dong Zhigang,Li Xiaomei and Wang Xinping 2015, 31 (8):  229-234.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2501 Abstract + ( 1383 )   PDF ( 1592KB )   ( 594 ) The paper aims to effectively take advantage of the merits of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot clonal lines, and provide basis for breeding of new wine grape varieties of higher polyphenol content. The author used four clonal lines of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot as materials, measured flesh berry mass, soluble solid content (TSS) and titratable acid content, evaluated total anthocyanins content in pericarp, total polyphenol, tannin, total flavonoid and proanthocyanidin in pericarp, flesh and seed with colorimetric method. The results showed that there was no significant difference in single fruit weight of four clonal lines of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Merlot (M). Among the four Cabernet Sauvignon clones, the TSS of CS170 and CS338 was the highest and the lowest respectively, however, the titratable acid content of CS338 and CS685 was the highest and the lowest respectively. While among the four Merlot clonal lines, the titratable acid content of M181 and M346 was the lowest and the highest respectively. Obvious difference was observed in the polyphenol content of pericarp, flesh and seed in different clonal lines. CS338 had the highest total phenol, tannin, total flavonoids and proanthocyanins in pericarp, while CS169 had the highest content of those in seeds; M348 had the highest total phenol, tannin and anthocyanins in pericarp, while M181 had the highest total phenol and tannin in seeds. There were fruit quality differences among varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, and differences among different clonal lines. The phenolics content in the pericarp was higher, while that in the flesh was the lowest. The pericarp of CS338 and seeds of CS169 had the highest total phenol, tannin, total flavonoids and proanthocyanins; while the total phenol, tannin and anthocyanins in pericarp of M348 was the highest, M181 had the highest total phenol and tannin in seeds.

  Effects of Three Factors on the Qualities of Cordyceps Polysaccharide Tea Huang Yingjie,Yao Yanni,Pan Xin and Huang Youyi 2015, 31 (8):  235-239.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2615 Abstract + ( 1254 )   PDF ( 1364KB )   ( 581 ) A Cordyceps polysaccharide tea was processed by adding Cordyceps polysaccharide to summer autumn tea leaves. Through comparing the qualities of Cordyceps polysaccharide teas processed by adding different Cordyceps polysaccharide amounts, different green teas and different drying methods, the results showed that high quality Cordyceps polysaccharide tea could be obtained by adding 20%-30% (m/m) Cordyceps polysaccharide, and taking baked green tea or shined green tea as the material and roasting as the drying method. Adding Cordyceps polysaccharide can not only improve the quality of summer and autumn tea, but also promote its utilization and exploitation.

  Applications of Metabolomics in Fermented Food with Lactic Acid Bacteria Zhao Dan,Du Renpeng,Liu Pengfei,Pan Chao and Ge Jingping 2015, 31 (8):  240-244.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100101 Abstract + ( 1433 )   PDF ( 1389KB )   ( 1175 ) The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a kind of probiotics with immuno-regulation and anti-mutation functions. LAB can play an important role in fermented food industry. Techniques of metabolomics have been widely applied in food industry producing fermented food by LAB, such as process monitoring, product typing, and flavor formatting and so on. In this article, the isolation and detection technologies as well as data analysis method are introduced. The current applications of metabolomics in fermented food with lactic acid bacteria were elaborated, including dairy products, soy products, pickled products and drinks. In the near future, the metabolomics research on fermented food by LAB would focus on metabolic mechanism, construction and enlargement of database, as well as the combination of metabolomics with genomics, proteomics and other systematic biological techniques. In particularly, metabolomics would be applied in the product exploration and quality control of fermented bean curd, Chinese pickle and other traditional fermented food by LAB. Therefore, this would lead to the improvement of production protocol and promotion of development level of the relevant fields.

  Study on Remote Sensing Monitoring of Variation in Cultivated Land Quality in the Central Plains Area: A Case Study in Jiyuan City Zhang Hebing,Sun Jiangfeng,Wang Xinchuang and Liu Mingyuan 2015, 31 (8):  245-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2555 Abstract + ( 1920 )   PDF ( 6101KB )   ( 647 ) The food security is closely related to cultivated land protection. With the acceleration of new urbanization in the central plains, occupancy of cultivated land for construction and development will continue and is difficult to slow down in short term. The contradiction between people and land will further exacerbate, the pressure of cultivated land protection will increase further. To strengthen surveillance research of the quantity and quality of cultivated land is significant to improve the management and protection of regional cultivated land. Taking Jiyuan City as an example, the TM images and land distribution map of 2009 and 2012 were overlaid. Based on the extracted vegetation index (NDVI) and comparison analysis of it, the average yield differences, spatial distribution of cultivated land quality and temporal and spatial changes of cultivated land quality of multi-years in the study area were obtained. The results showed that the quality of cultivated land in Jiyuan City was good on the whole. The high-yielding fields were mainly distributed around the east of the city; the low-yielding fields were mainly located in the western mountains. Good quality arable land accounted for 53.56%, and the poor-quality arable land accounted for 13.61%. The features of temporal and spatial changes of cultivated land from 2009 to 2012 included the westward distribution of cultivated land, the decline of regional cultivated land quality, the occupancy of eastern part of high quality cultivated land and the distribution of low quality supplements mainly in midwest. The relationship between new urbanization and cultivated land protection should be considered in cultivated land protection. The transformation from the quantity balance and management to the quantity, quality and ecological comprehensive balance and control was to ensure the dynamic equilibrium of the total arable land in the region.

  Study of Rapeseed Information Website Trusted Measurement Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Wang Xiaoqiao,Liao Guiping,Wang Fang,Li Jinwei and Liu Yao 2015, 31 (8):  252-259.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100057 Abstract + ( 1226 )   PDF ( 1551KB )   ( 686 ) To provide reliable information for users needs to evaluate network information credibility, a comprehensive evaluation method of website's credibility is an important part of foundation and a major method of network information credibility evaluation. This paper aimed at exploring evaluation methods of the website's credibility of comprehensive type and professional type in agriculture. This paper presented a web credibility evaluation index system and all indexes were integrated in fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. With some rape information websites being the experimental objects, a collection and analysis of experimental data was made. Methods to evaluate the website's credibility were obtained through calculation and sorting of the credibilities of 43 agricultural comprehensive and professional websites including rape information. In experiment Ⅰ, 4 indicators were selected, such as “PR value of website”, “reverse link number”, “Alexa ranking” and “page index number”. In experiment Ⅱ, 5 indicators were selected, such as “PR value of website”, “reverse link number”, “Alexa ranking”, “page index number” and “professional relation”. Respectively, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was made. The experimental results showed that when the website credibility was ordered by website comprehensive strength, the better ones were “www.aweb.com.cn”, “www.agri.gov.cn”, “www.ymt360.com”, “www.moa.gov.cn” and www.caas.net.cn”. The national website credibility was generally higher than the local website’s. The website credibility was related to the local informational and agricultural level. There was a gap between a professional website and a comprehensive website. When the website credibility was ordered by website comprehensive strength and professional needs, better ones were listed as the following: “www.aweb.com.cn”, “www.agri.gov.cn”, “www.moa.gov.cn”. The indexes in experiment Ⅰ proved to be most suitable for measuring the comprehensive website credibility, and those in experiment Ⅱ measuring the professional website credibility. Web credibility evaluation model proposed in this paper could provide reference for all others of this type with indexes and their percentages determined respectively in different actual situations.

  Analysis the differences spatial structure of regional economy in Gansu Province 2015, 31 (8):  260-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2492 Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 1604KB )   ( 764 ) Based on the related economic data from 1999 to 2012, the factors of the differences of regional economy in Gansu province were analyzed by the methods of Gini coefficient and multiple regression since the development of the western region in China. The results showed that the dominant factors for the unbalanced development of regional economy were belong to three industrial structure, regional pillar industries and capital investment scale in Gansu province. In addition, the factors of lack of pillar industries, poor transportation systems, lack of resources and single industrial structure, which resulted in economic development slowly and drive capacity weakly. Therefore, some optimal suggestions were put forward to accelerate the process of core-periphery integration, promote the development of regional economy, overall planning industrial spatial distribution, implement the regional cooperation, improve the regional finance and policy, and narrow the regional economic gap.

  Comparative Research on Extensive Development for Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Development Model in QinBa and Wuling Mountainous Areas 陈绪敖 and 何家理 2015, 31 (8):  266-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2246 Abstract + ( 2338 )   PDF ( 1338KB )   ( 733 ) The grain-to-green program and the concentrated extensive development for poverty alleviation are critical important measures for government to implement the western development strategy. Through the research on grain-to-green programs and poverty alleviation areas in Qinba and Wuling mountainous areas, the analysis points out that there are similar reasons causing the being poor and under-developed in two areas, which includes the systemic vicious spiral from natural ecology, local economy and human environment. Besides, the biased policies of local government cannot give enough support to such areas. Based on present situation of poverty alleviation in Qinba and Wuling, the research proposes that the increasing investment should focus on infrastructure construction and people livelihood undertakings in concentrated extensive poverty area at a national level. And from the local governmental level, it must combine with the actual situation to promote system innovation and overall planning well, which also needs better poverty alleviation strategies for regional environmental requirements. Specifically speaking, fiscal transfer payment, tax policy and special funds should be realized by the government, which could help to develop ecological tourism and unique localized agriculture. Therefore, new poverty alleviation model combining with economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits will realize the sustainable development in a social economical region.

  Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Differences and Influences of the Development of Deserticulture in the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin Zhou Yicai,Liu Xianghui and Li Pijun 2015, 31 (8):  273-279.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110015 Abstract + ( 1137 )   PDF ( 1629KB )   ( 497 ) In order to study the regional differences of the development of deserticulture and analyze the relationship between deserticulture and environment and economy in Xinjiang, 19 counties were selected as the research object in the Southern margin of Junggar basin. The data were collected from field investigation, the “Xinjiang Statistics Yearbook” and the statistic bulletin of different regions in Xinjiang. 16 typical indexes were chosen to study the development of deserticulture, economy and environment. Using the factor analysis and the cluster analysis, this paper made a comprehensive evaluation and a classification by comparison the development of deserticulture in the 19 regions. Using the multiple linear regression analysis, this paper got the relationship between the development of deserticulture and economy and environment. The results showed that: (1) the development of deserticulture was able to optimize the environment, promote economic development; (2) the focus and difficulties of deserticulture were the unbalanced development; (3) the short board was the “crowding out” effect in the earlier stage of development. Finally, the author put forward the following suggestions: (1) relevant departments should adjust their measures to local conditions, and develop the characteristic deserticulture; (2) increase the investment on technology innovation, and plan a rational investment scale.

  The Current Situation and Countermeasures of Potato Industry Development in Shandong Province Li Shuchao,Wu Longhua,Li Yajun and Ding Huiyuan 2015, 31 (8):  280-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110086 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 1398KB )   ( 463 ) The author took a comprehensive situation survey of the potato production, cost and income of 17 cities in Shandong Province and analyzed the current development situation of potato industry in Shandong Province, pointed out problems such as small production scale of individual farmer, low economic value, rising production costs, the disproportionation of input and output, inadequate overall investment, ineffectively developed resource advantage and so on. According to the problems, the author put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions like standardizing the land circulation, promoting large-scale operation, establishing and improving the breeding method of potato, effective control of production cost, increasing policy support, promoting industrial development and so on. In this way, we can promote the rapid and healthy development of potato industry in Shandong Province.

  The Compensation Willingness and Its Affecting Factors of Landless Farmers in the Process of Urbanization ——Based on the Survey Data of Farmers in Wangjiang Region of Anhui Province 2015, 31 (8):  286-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1723 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 1449KB )   ( 501 ) Nowadays, the rapid development of city urbanization has nation widely in China. As purpose of find out factors of influence willingness of land expropriated farmers’ within the process of cropland city exchange, this paper will quantitative analysis farmers’ willingness through Logistic module, in order to provide evidences to beneficial peasant households. As Results clarify that age, family net income, conceptual knowledge of land requisition compensation, industrial usage of land acquisition area are the mainly factors which have positive influence of peasant households’ land acquisition willingness; meanwhile, negative factors are family population dependency ratio before land acquisition, distance from the regional center, land dependent percentage, land acquisition ration. Thus, this paper points out government shall adopt more reasonable compensation depends on specific circumstance, to protect peasant households’ legal rights under the process of land expropriation, arrange or guide households’ obtain employment and strive achieve peasant households’ sustainable livelihoods after land acquisition.