Abstract: Based on the related economic data from 1999 to 2012, the factors of the differences of regional economy in Gansu province were analyzed by the methods of Gini coefficient and multiple regression since the development of the western region in China. The results showed that the dominant factors for the unbalanced development of regional economy were belong to three industrial structure, regional pillar industries and capital investment scale in Gansu province. In addition, the factors of lack of pillar industries, poor transportation systems, lack of resources and single industrial structure, which resulted in economic development slowly and drive capacity weakly. Therefore, some optimal suggestions were put forward to accelerate the process of core-periphery integration, promote the development of regional economy, overall planning industrial spatial distribution, implement the regional cooperation, improve the regional finance and policy, and narrow the regional economic gap.