Abstract: The grain-to-green program and the concentrated extensive development for poverty alleviation are critical important measures for government to implement the western development strategy. Through the research on grain-to-green programs and poverty alleviation areas in Qinba and Wuling mountainous areas, the analysis points out that there are similar reasons causing the being poor and under-developed in two areas, which includes the systemic vicious spiral from natural ecology, local economy and human environment. Besides, the biased policies of local government cannot give enough support to such areas. Based on present situation of poverty alleviation in Qinba and Wuling, the research proposes that the increasing investment should focus on infrastructure construction and people livelihood undertakings in concentrated extensive poverty area at a national level. And from the local governmental level, it must combine with the actual situation to promote system innovation and overall planning well, which also needs better poverty alleviation strategies for regional environmental requirements. Specifically speaking, fiscal transfer payment, tax policy and special funds should be realized by the government, which could help to develop ecological tourism and unique localized agriculture. Therefore, new poverty alleviation model combining with economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits will realize the sustainable development in a social economical region.