Abstract: In order to study the regional differences of the development of deserticulture and analyze the relationship between deserticulture and environment and economy in Xinjiang, 19 counties were selected as the research object in the Southern margin of Junggar basin. The data were collected from field investigation, the “Xinjiang Statistics Yearbook” and the statistic bulletin of different regions in Xinjiang. 16 typical indexes were chosen to study the development of deserticulture, economy and environment. Using the factor analysis and the cluster analysis, this paper made a comprehensive evaluation and a classification by comparison the development of deserticulture in the 19 regions. Using the multiple linear regression analysis, this paper got the relationship between the development of deserticulture and economy and environment. The results showed that: (1) the development of deserticulture was able to optimize the environment, promote economic development; (2) the focus and difficulties of deserticulture were the unbalanced development; (3) the short board was the “crowding out” effect in the earlier stage of development. Finally, the author put forward the following suggestions: (1) relevant departments should adjust their measures to local conditions, and develop the characteristic deserticulture; (2) increase the investment on technology innovation, and plan a rational investment scale.