Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.7 Published:03 April 2015

  Development of Swida wilsoniana Microspore and Its Effect on Anther Callus Induction 2015, 31 (7):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2188 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 785KB )   ( 526 ) To establish an in vitro regeneration protocol for Swida wilsoniana ‘Xianglin G1’, an elite clone, calluses were induced from its anthers with different development stages of microspores. The flower morphology at different development stages of microspores and the endogenous hormones in leaf such as GA, IAA, ZR, and ABA were also conducted to comprehensively understand the influence of microspores at different stages on the callus induction of anthers. The results showed that callus induction of anthers was dependent on the development stage of microspores. The anthers with single-nucleus microspores had higher induction rates than those with bi-nucleus microspores, tetrad microspores, and pollen mother cells. The callus induction of anthers correlated with the concentration of GA, IAA, ZR, and ABA in leaf, and higher ABA content in leaf significantly inhibited the callus induction of anthers.

  Studies on the Diurnal Variation of Chlorophyll fluorescenceParameters of Different Walnut Varieties 2015, 31 (7):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1941 Abstract + ( 985 )   PDF ( 778KB )   ( 482 ) In order to elucidate different walnut cultivars resistance characteristics, and chlorophyll fluorometry of diurnal variation were compared in walnut cultivars. Five walnut cultivars and the rules of diurnal variation were tested in the manuscript. The results showed that the bottom value of Fm, Fv/Fm, qP and Yield appeared in the midday, and showed decline-rise in the diurnal variation. On the other hand, the trends of NPQ and ETR presented droping-riseing, and the peak value appeared at midday with strong sunlight. F0 varied as a two-peaked curve in ‘Wen 185’ and ‘Xinxin 2’ at 12:00 and 16:00, respectively. The single peak value was showed in cultivars of ‘Wen 138’, ‘Zhipi’, and ‘Xincuifeng’. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of different varieties appeared to be different in response to light and temperature. It could be used as the features to tolerant photo inhibition. A comprehensive analysis of the nut appearance quality and fluorescence parameters showed that ‘Wen 138’ and ‘Xincuifeng’ appeared better tolerance to high light stress, which were better replace varieties to the present cultivars.

  Effect of foliar application of DA-6、PBO and 6-BA on the growth of Carya illinoensis 2015, 31 (7):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2164 Abstract + ( 891 )   PDF ( 500KB )   ( 584 ) The study through different concentrations of DA-6, PBO, 6-BA foliar spray on the pecan variety ‘Mahan’ 2-year-old saplings, research the impact on the growth of pecan trees to find out suitable foliar spray fertilizer and concentration. The results showed that DA-6 and 6-BA foliar application of different concentrations increased the length and thickness of branches, promote the formation of robust long pecan branches. PBO foliar application of different concentrations reduced the length of branches, increased the thickness of branches and promoted the formation of pecan stubby branches. Three different growth regulators foliar application of different concentrations all increased chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight. Contract in favor of light leaves and also increased the C/N of branches

  Influence on Growth and Physicochemical Properties of Tobacco Using PE Woven Cloth Under Membrane Transplanting 2015, 31 (7):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2110 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 580KB )   ( 444 ) In order to optimize under film transplanting techniques of flue-cured tobacco in the tobacco rice rotation areas, ‘Yunyan 87’ as material, effects on tobacco growth and physiochemical properties were compared with a light permeable, breathable, waterproof polyethylene transparent woven cloth and ordinary agricultural film. The test results showed that root and stem girth growth of tobacco plant under woven cloth transplanting were faster than ordinary plastic film above or under transplanting tobacco in the root extending stage. Squaring and after topping, the plant height, stem girth and pitch of tobacco plant under woven cloth transplanting were more than them of normal plastic membrane. Weight of single leaf and mass per unit leaf area of middle leaves were larger than them of ordinary plastic film, but the leaf thickness decreased. Total nitrogen and potassium content of tobacco leaf were increased as well as the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine reduction. Under woven cloth transplanting seedling can effectively promote tobacco growing early and fast, increase leaf weight and dry matter accumulation in the Hunan tobacco rice rotation areas.

  Effects of Film Mulch and Ridge-furrow Planting on Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato in Continuous Cultivation Wang Dong,Lu Jian,Qin Shuhao,Zhang Junlian,Wang Di and Wang Weibin 2015, 31 (7):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2509 Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 619KB )   ( 475 ) In order to ascertain the impact of different film mulching and ridge and furrow planting in continuous cultivation on growth, yield and quality of potato, the local cultivars ‘Xindaping’ as test material, studied the effects on six cultivation modes of potato growth, yield and quality, which were harrowed bedding system without film mulching (CK), harrowed bedding system with film mulching (T1), completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with ridge planting (T2), completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting (T3), plastic mulched raised bedding system with bedding planting (T4) and plastic mulched raised bedding system with furrow planting (T5). The results indicated that, compared with CK, other five treatments with film mulching and ridge-furrow planting could all promote the growth of potato in continuous cultivation, among which the promoting effect of T3 was the greatest, and significantly increased the yield with 1.5%-29.8% and the yield of T2 was the highest. Moreover, compared with CK, there had significantly difference on amino acid content and reducing sugar content between film mulching and ridge-furrow treatment and CK, and amino acid content in CK and reducing sugar content in T4 was the highest. However, there had no difference found on content of dry matter, starch and soluble protein of tuber in all treatments.

  Optimization of Extraction Conditions from Artemisia ordosica and Analysis of Acidic Composition by GC-MS 2015, 31 (7):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2463 Abstract + ( 587 )   PDF ( 555KB )   ( 534 ) The paper aims to investigate the effect of extraction conditions on acidic substances of Artemisia ordosica and optimal extraction method, the experiment, combining single factor experiment and orthogonal design of 3 factors at 3 levels, was conducted to study acidic substances contents in roots, stems, leaves and seeds of Artemisia ordosica with different conditions treatment. The results showed that the optimal conditions for extraction were 48 h, 1:5, and 40℃ for roots; 48 h, 1:40, and 40℃ for stems; 72 h, 1:50, 40℃ for leaves; 72 h, 1:5 and 40℃ for seeds. The sequence according to the effect of the extraction results were as follows: solid/liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time for roots, extraction temperature, solid/liquid ratio, extraction time for stems and leaves, solid/liquid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature for seeds. Contents of detected acidic substances were higher than that with the others’ treatment under optimal conditions for extraction. The main acidic substances of detected were different in the different parts of Artemisia ordosica and were effected by multiple factors, such as extraction time, extraction temperature, solid/liquid ratio and their decomposition speed, etc.

  SSR Identification Technology of Female Parent of Brassica napus L. F1 Hybrids Based on Testa and Its Application 2015, 31 (7):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2140 Abstract + ( 694 )   PDF ( 643KB )   ( 415 ) Female parent purity is crucial for affecting hybrid seed purity in Brassica napus hybrid seeds production. To investigate an effective method suitable to the identification of the false hybrid sample with genotype of female parents in hybrids samples, this paper adopted CTAB method to extract the total DNA of hybrid F1 seedlings and its seed coats respectively. Then, the DNA was used to screen the SSR primers which could distinguish the hybrid seeds from female parents, and the primers obtained were used to identify the false hybrid sample with genotype of female parents in hybrids samples. The results showed that hybrid F1 seedlings and its seed coats had the same SSR fingerprinting, and the coincidence rate was over 98% between the SSR detection results obtained by the method in this study and field performance, this results indicated that the method for detecting the false hybrid sample with genotype of female parents in hybrids samples was reliable. The method of this research can overcome the dependence of current SSR identification rapeseed hybrids purity on its parents, provide technical reference on seed production and seed purity quality control management of business departments.

  Primary Research on the Optimal Seeding Amount and Transplanting Densities of New Rape Seed Variety (Combination) 98P37-21 in No-tillage Paddy Rice Field Zheng Wei,Xiao Guobin,Li Zhongping,Chen Ming,Peng Xiaojian,Lei Yuanyuan,Li Yazhen,Xiao Xiaojun and Ye Chuan 2015, 31 (7):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2133 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 551KB )   ( 417 ) In order to explore productive and efficient cultivation techniques of the new rapeseed variety (Combination) 98P37-21, the effects of different seeding amount and transplanting densities on the rapeseed development, main economic traits, yield and yield components were studied, the benefit of direct sowing rapeseed and transplanting rapeseed were also compared. The results showed that: within 4.5-7.5 kg/hm2 seeding amount (27.3×104-38.7×104 plants per hm2 densities), the yield of rapeseed increased firstly and then decreased with seeding amount improved; within 9.0×104-15.0×104 plants per hm2 transplanting densities, the yield of rapeseed increased with transplanting densities improved; the yields of direct sowing rapeseed with 6.0 kg/hm2 and transplanting rapeseed with 15.0×104 plants per hm2 treatment were the highest, but the production advantage of high density was not obvious and was unfavorable to high yield, showed that too high density might even reduce production. As the seeding amount or transplanting densities increased, total leaf numbers of main stem, numbers of green leaves crown diameter, leaf area, numbers of branch, numbers of pods per plant, numbers of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, weight of shoot per plant, plant yield all decreased, but plant height, location of branches on the stem rose and LAI also increased. Compared with sowing rapeseed, the main economic traits of transplanting rapeseed were superior, the yield and output value of sowing rapeseed were significantly lower, but sowing rapeseed save labors and reduce investments, the net benefit was significantly higher, which was 1735.7 yuan per hm2 more than transplanting rapeseed.

  The research of the pepper cultivation in the mountain in the west of Hubei based on the growth stage model 2015, 31 (7):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1944 Abstract + ( 643 )   PDF ( 711KB )   ( 424 ) In order to increase the yield of pepper cultivated in the mountain and farmers income by more effective climatic resources utilization , the growth stage model of a mountain pepper was constructed based on the effect of light and temperature, the correlation between the effect of the accumulated light and temperature APTE in the blossom fruit period and fruit number per plant, yield of pepper, and the correlation of the climatic characteristics of the mountainous in the southwestern Hubei has been analyzed based on the data of the cultivation experiment of different height and different time of 2009-2013 and the synchronous meteorological observation in the mountainous in the southwestern Hubei. The results showed that the length of the growth period calculating from the model was significantly longer than that of the effective accumulated temperature of the growth period; there were significant positive correlation between the fruit number per plant, the yield of pepper and the time of duration of the blossom fruit period when the temperature was over 16℃, and APTE; the duration days number of temperature ≥16℃ decreased 7.1 days/100 m in the southwestern Hubei, APTE accelerated declined in the high altitude area which altitude was over 1200 m. 800m-1200m altitudes were the optimum condition for the out-of-season pepper production in the mountain in the southwestern Hubei, the blossom fruit period could be prolonged and the yield of pepper could be increased by early blossom using protected measures in the middle height area where the altitude was over 800 m.

  Effects of BYM on Growth of Greenhouse Pepper and Its Rhizosphere Soil Environment 2015, 31 (7):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2120 Abstract + ( 770 )   PDF ( 597KB )   ( 516 ) In order to provide a theoretical basis for the solution of continuous cropping obstacles of greenhouse pepper, the effects of BYM on growth, yield and quality of greenhouse pepper and its rhizosphere microbial community and soil enzyme activities were investigated. The results showed that the changes of microbial community and enzyme activity in greenhouse soil increased with the increase of BYM concentration. Compares with the control, 2% concentration of BYM were the most significant treatment. The 2% concentration of BYM treatment increased the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes by 1.6% and 8.8% which were 1.6×106 cfu/g and 9.5×103 cfu/g lager than control. The total microbial population increased by 1.6% which was 1.60×106 cfu/g more than control, and B/F value also increased by1.6 times, while fungi number was decreased by 18.5% which was 1.60×104 cfu/g less than control. Meanwhile, the effects of BYM on soil enzyme activities consistented to the trend of soil microbial changes. The 2% concentration of BYM treatment promoted the activity of urease, phosphatese, sucrase and catalase in soil by 74.0%,76.2%,49.6% and 32.1%, which were 2.68 mg/g(NH3-N),1.85 mg/g(Phenol),5.25 mg/g(Glucose) and 6.42 mL/g(KMnO4) respectively. Moreover, BYM reduced cellulose content, and raised capsaicin, Vc, soluble sugar and soluble protein content as well as yield of red pepper. Specially, the 2% concentration of BYM worked best. Therefore, BYM treatments were favor for the improvement of the rhizosphere microbial community structure of greenhouse pepper, increased soil beneficial microbe quantity and enzyme activity, and promoted the growth, improved quality and production of red pepper.

  Correlation and Path analysis on Major Agronomic Characters of Lablab purpureus from Nantong 2015, 31 (7):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2427 Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 475KB )   ( 468 ) To improve the rationality of parent matching of lentils in breeding, using correlation analysis and path analysis method, the author studied the correlation of various characters of the local lentils from Nantong and evaluated their correlation degree. The results showed that the variation coefficient of plot yield was higher than that of the other 9 major agronomic characters, reached 44.62%, while the variation coefficient of days from sowing to first harvesting stage was only 3.15%. 4 pairs of the traits, such as hundred-grain weight and seed length etc. showed highly significant correlation. 7 pairs of the traits, such as hundred-grain weight and seed width etc. had significant correlation. The direct path coefficient of seed numbers of per pod to plot yield was the biggest (P＝0.7054) among 10 characters, so the direct selection of seed numbers of per pod was an effective method for high yield breeding of Lablab purpureus. The plot yield was negatively affected mostly by pot width. Therefore, to select smaller pot width during the breeding process was beneficial to obtain high yield. Meanwhile, if the pod width was too small to reduce seed numbers of per pod, the yield would be affected.

  Study on Molecular Marker Assisted Selection for Fusarium Wilt Resistance Breeding in Watermelon Wang Jiming,Shang Jianli,Dong Yaling,Xue Yingying and Ma Shuangwu 2015, 31 (7):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2064 Abstract + ( 589 )   PDF ( 3656KB )   ( 363 ) In this report, study on molecular identification of Fusarium wilt resistance for diploid and tetraploid watermelon breeding lines using dCAPS marker “4451_fon” which published in 2013 was carried out. The results showed that all diploid lines and tetraploid lines except No.D16 and D17 were Fusarium wilt resistant genetype material, could be identified as having Fusarium wilt resistance, and the result was in accordance with artificial inoculation identification. Molecular identification results also showed that those resistant lines were homozygote, so Fusarium wilt resistant gene would not separate when lines self-crossed, and there was no necessary carry out single resistant plant selection in their progeny population. The final conclusion were that dCAPS Marker “4451_fon” could be applied to molecular marker assisted selection for Fusarium wilt resistance breeding in watermelon to increase breeding selection efficiency and enhance breeding progress.

  Effects of Different Rootstocks on Growth, Fruit Quality and Productivity of Grafted Watermelon Zhang Zhaohui,Niu Qing,Yang Xiaofeng,Zuo Enqiang,Cheng Chunhong,Gu Weihong and Jiang Yuping 2015, 31 (7):  72-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2286 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 464KB )   ( 605 ) In the study, ‘Japanese Xuesong’ and ‘Jingxingzhen4’ were used for grafting to watermelon variety ‘Zaojia(84-24)’. The self-root seedling of ‘Zaojia(84-24)’ was used as the control. The effects of different rootstocks on growth, quality and productivity of grafted watermelon were studied. The results showed that both rootstock varieties had the better symbiosis, and significantly improved the quality of seedlings, and significantly promoted watermelon plant growth. The disease resistance and yield of grafted seedlings were better than that of self-root watermelon seedlings. The yield reached 49000.0 kg/hm2 for the ‘Japanese Xuesong’ of grafted watermelon, and the yield reached 47000.0 kg/hm2 for the ‘Jingxingzhen4’ of grafted watermelon. The effect of both rootstock varieties on fruit quality was less, and the center sugar content was more than 10.7%. Therefore the two rootstocks could be used as rootstock varieties for grafted watermelon culture in Shanghai.

  Resources survey on three kinds of endangered native crab-apple tree in LiucunTown in Changping district 孙明德 2015, 31 (7):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110151 Abstract + ( 625 )   PDF ( 1468KB )   ( 1112 ) Based on the investigation of growth condition, fruit quality, endangered degree, and cultivation methods as well as management status of three kinds of crab-apple grown in natural conditions in Liucun town in Changping district were investigated in the present work. Results showed that great differences existed in the content of soluble sugar and fruit weigh which changed with rate of 10.81%～15.13%,22.3g～40.27g, and performed with mid-thick skin and slightly crisp or flexible flesh in Malus asiatica. The fruits index of other two crabapple species had no differences in fruit quality. The content of soluble sugar and fruit weigh of Malus Micaromalus which changed with rate of 17.00%～18.21%,8.25g～10.66g, and flesh firmness performed with thin brittle compaction, And the data were 14.23%～16.55% and 6.47～9.03g in fruit of Malus prunifolia with thin crisp flesh. Analysis of fruit quality indicated that there may be considerable Variation in the individual trees, very likely screening excellent strains from Malus asiatica. The ratio of sugar to acid was in the moderate range of taste, which means all of them were good breeding material to develop fresh varieties. Suggestions on ancient tree qualification, strengthening management, cultural connotations development, scientific research for protection and development about ancient crabapple trees were given based on the investigation.

  Comparison Study on Different Pollination Methods in Greenhouse Nectarine Growth and Group Potential Changes Before and After Pollination of Italian Bee 2015, 31 (7):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2537 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 681KB )   ( 396 ) In order to further understand the effects of different pollination methods for greenhouse nectarine growth, improve the selectivity of Nectarine in greenhouse pollination and targeted, we carried out for 3 consecutive years of different pollination methods on greenhouse nectarine growth as well as the influence of Italian bee pollination potential changes before and after the group comparison study.Comparison showed that: compared with natural pollination, Italian bee, bee and artificial pollination of greenhouse nectarine fruit set percentage increased significantly, fruit weight and yield per plant increased significantly, abnormal fruit rate was greatly reduced; Italian bee pollination methods in general better than the bee pollination and artificial pollination methods in bee pollination, but better than artificial pollination methods; nectarine after pollination, Apis mellifera and A. cerana mortality were 13.83% and 52.61%, Italian bee mortality than in the low 38.78% (P<0.01), a sub area of the spleen were 2350 cm2 and 733 cm2, Italy bee sub spleen than in large area 220.6% (P<0.01), group of potential group of potential Italian bee was significantly stronger than that of bees.

  Study on the Preparation Technology of Pollen Suspension Liquid for Spray Pollination of Actinidia chinensis 2015, 31 (7):  86-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2112 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 1621KB )   ( 496 ) To develop the effective preparation methods of pollen suspension for kiwi spray pollination, the mixed pollen and 'Yumihoutao 2' as materials, was carried out by using crude pollen preparation pollen suspension test and liquid pollination test. The test results showed that the pollen concentration of the suspension increased along with the increased of amount of crude pollen added. Crude pollen adding amount of 12%-16% (w/v), the pollen concentrations of the suspension of up to 1.25-1.75 million/mL, and the pollen germination rate were more than 85%, and there was no significant difference with controlled trials (add 5% of refined pollen); the fruit setting rate be almost 100% each treatment. More than 12% of the test treatment of fruit weight was about 100 g, the seed number was 1100-1220, and controlled trials there was no significant difference between the above treatments. Fruit weight, seed treated by 4% test were significantly lower than the above treatments. Soluble solids content and acid content there was no significant difference between different test treatment. Light absorption index of suspension has a close correlation relationship between pollen concentration (r=0.98), absorption index of 2.5 can be used as judgment index of pollen concentration be appropriate or not. This method omitted the pollen refined process, was a kind of kiwi artificial pollination technique efficient labor-saving.

  Studies on Introduction and Cultivation of Blueberry in Lijiang Yunnan Wang Chaowen,Yang Yanlin,Yang Hongtao,Huang Xing’e,Wang Yuping and He Jiawei 2015, 31 (7):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2457 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 499KB )   ( 413 ) The study aims to select blueberry cultivars suitable for ecoclimatic conditions in Lijiang high altitude area. The experiment was conducted to investigate the introduction and cultivation of 12 cultivars of blueberry in Lijiang Yunnan at 2400 m altitude during 2010-2013. The results showed that 4 cultivars, ‘Brightwell’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Brigitta’ and ‘Northland’, had good cultivation reaction at 2400 m altitude of Lijiang, ‘Brightwell’ could be used as processing cultivar. ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Northland’ could be used as fresh cultivars. ‘Brigitta’ could be used as both processing cultivar and fresh cultivar. Other cultivars needed further observation and research.

  Research On Plant Sap Flow Sensor and Data Acquisition System 刘丹 and 王成 2015, 31 (7):  97-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110016 Abstract + ( 716 )   PDF ( 1080KB )   ( 494 ) [Objective] Stem flow is a main index to study on transpiration law, therefore accurate and reliable stem flow measuring device is essential to support the study. [Method] This paper designed a FLGS - TDP sensor based on thermal diffusion theory and designed a data acquisition system based on MCGS. [Result] The data acquisition system has been calibrated through simulation experiment. And the experimental results show that the deviation between the measured stem flow velocity and real velocity is less than 0.01mm/s which means the stem flow measuring system has higher precision and higher stability. To take poplar as example to make a experiment. The results show that: after sunrise, with the temperatures rising, stem flow velocity begins rising sluggishly. It reaches its peak at about 12:00 to 15:00 and maintains a higher velocity during this time. Since then, stem flow velocity declines slowly. Stem flow velocity begins to decline rapidly after sunset at about 19:00. Hereafter it maintains a lower velocity until the next day. [Conclusion] All above shows this system can accurately indicate the diurnal variation of stem flow with good stability and can also afford the device support to the study on plant water consumption and transpiration.

  A Study on Cross Breeding of Salvia splendens Zhang Meiling,Li Juanjuan,Chen Hongwei,Wang Hongli,Shi Aiping and Liu Kefeng 2015, 31 (7):  104-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0838 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 605KB )   ( 400 ) Cross breeding is a very important way of breeding new cultivars and is widely used for gathering fine traits together quickly. Currently, seeds of Salvia splendens in China depend largely on import. However, some of the imported cultivars have bad acclimatization. Now it is urgent to breed new species that could adapt to our climate well and have our own intellectual property. For this, the paper analyzed and summarized four aspects of the key factors in cross breeding of Salvia splendens, which are reproduction biology, stigma receptivity, the best pollination time and the reciprocal hybrid. It could provide useful information and improve the efficiency of hybrid breeding of Salvia splendens in the future.

  Effect of Different Substrates on Cutting Propagation of Wedelia trilobata Hitchc 2015, 31 (7):  109-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2398 Abstract + ( 785 )   PDF ( 469KB )   ( 560 ) In order to improve the survival rate of Wedelia trilobata Hitchc in cutting propagation .The effect of five different substrates for cutting propagation on Wedelia trilobata Hitchc was studied in this paper. The results showed that the survival rate of Wedelia trilobata was highest and the aerial parts grew faster in the substrate with peat: pearlite (1:1, v/v). The substrate with peat: pearlite: sand (1:1:1, v/v/v) improved the growth of root. The substrate with peat: garden soil (1:1, v/v) was the worst for cutting propagation in five substrates. According to the analysis of subjection function, substrate with peat: pearlite (1:1, v/v) had the best comprehensive effect on the growth of cuttage of Wedelia trilobata Hitchc

  Research progress on molecular mechanism in the floral development of Orchidaceae 2015, 31 (7):  113-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2556 Abstract + ( 926 )   PDF ( 853KB )   ( 1118 ) The research on Orchidaceae floral development molecular mechanism is importance for orchids breeding and industry development.This paper retrospected the progress on flowering time and A, B, C/D and E class genes for floral development molecular mechanism of Orchidaceae, and summarized the floral-morphogenesis mechanism of Orchidaceae by the evolution of B class genes. Finally, discussed the the open questions and future directions of Orchidaceae flower development research.

  Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb. F. PPO and PAL Expression Based on Real-time PCR Technology 赵和文,崔金腾 and 周田田 2015, 31 (7):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110072 Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 683KB )   ( 630 ) For researching browning of tissue cultured-seeding of Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb. F. it has been judged the influence of PPO gene and PAL gene by observing the expression of tissue culture time differently of Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb. F.. We obtain the target sequences of PPO gene and PAL gene by designing specific primers and test the expression of the above mentioned genes by real-time PCR. In our study , the similarities between Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb. F. PPO and Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb. F.× pulcherrima PPO are up to 97% and the similarities between Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb. F.t × Doritis PAL are up to 98%.We find that after slicing the leave of tissue cultured-seeding, the expression of PPO dramatically increases, and as time goes by, the expression first slowly descends and then increases. The expression dramatically increases between 10d and 12d and then is up to the maximum, at last the expression is lower and not change much; The expression of PAL gene rapidly increases, respectively 1d,8d and 12d ,and the expression is the maximum at 12d.At last, the expression is down. The expression receive maximum at 12d both PPO and PAL, which has been illustrated that it is the critical period for browning. Only taking precaution at that time , can it increase browning.

  Comparative studies on aroma components and contents of five Syringa vulgaris 2015, 31 (7):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2165 Abstract + ( 763 )   PDF ( 694KB )   ( 704 ) The main components of Syringa vulgaris were studied and the volatile components of different Syringa vulgaris were compared. The chemical constituents and relative contents of fragrance released from fresh flowers of 5 Syringa vulgaris were analyzed by means of head solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that 49 compounds were identified in ‘Wedgewood Blue’, 41 compounds were identified in ‘Arch Mckean’, 49 compounds were identified in ‘Sensation’，ene terpenoids were their main aromatic components. 40 compounds were identified in ‘Charles Joly’, 46 compounds were identified in ‘Krasavitsa Moskvy’, ene terpenoids and aromatic hydrocarbons were their main aromatic components. ‘Wedgewood Blue’ and ‘Charles Joly’,‘Arch Mckean’and ‘Sensation’, ‘Krasavitsa Moskvy’ were divided into three different types, and infer ene terpenoids were the main aromatic components of Syringa vulgaris

  The Best Treatment Scheme of Orthogonal Design for Optimizing the Effects of Seed Soaking in PEG on Germination Percentage of Atractylodes japonica Koidz ex Kitam 具红光 2015, 31 (7):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1686 Abstract + ( 806 )   PDF ( 545KB )   ( 565 ) The Atractylodes japonica Koidz ex Kitam seeds were soaked in different concentrations of PEG with different soaking time and molecular weight using orthogonal designs to select the best treatment scheme of PEG-induced germination percentage in order to improve the germination percentage.The results showed that in the four treatment factors which were treatment temperature,treatment concentration,molecular weight of PEG and treatment time decreased in turn on the effect of seed soaking in PEG on germination percentage and the best group of the treatment scheme was A1B1C2D1 that is,the germination percentage of seeds has improved prominently which were treated with PEG in concentration of 10% at 15℃ for 12h,and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), the peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT) has increased.

  Study on autotoxicity effect of Panax notoginseng rootlets shatter in soil 2015, 31 (7):  143-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2375 Abstract + ( 753 )   PDF ( 645KB )   ( 497 ) Autotoxicity was concerned as one of the key reasons for continuous cropping obstacle in Panax notoginseng. Autotoxicity effect of Panax notoginseng rootlets shatter in soil was analyzed in this paper and the main results were as followed: (1)The Panax notoginseng rootlets shatter had ‘low promotion, high inhibition’ concentration effect on germination index, while the adding amount of 10% or less will not have significant inhibitory effect on germination percentage and germination index. (2) The Panax notoginseng rootlets shatter significantly decreased the emergence rate and surviving rate; the results showed that with the adding of powder, the plant height and the flower stalk length decreased, the stem diameter became thin, the quantity of little leaf and the medium-sized leaf’s length and width were obviously decreased, main root length and width were declined and the rootlets length shortened. (3)With increasing of the Panax notoginseng rootlets shatter dosage, the overground part and underground fresh weight, dry weight and total dry weight decreased significantly. The results showed that Panax notoginseng rootlets shatter had obvious autotoxicity effects in the soil.

  Effect of different stratification treatment on physiological characteristics of Paris polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis seed 2015, 31 (7):  149-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110084 Abstract + ( 713 )   PDF ( 636KB )   ( 433 ) To analyze the physiological characteristics of Paris polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis seed dormancy and provide scientific basis for the cultivation. The changes of seed embryo rate, the contents of storage nutrition and the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in 160 days at two different conditions. The result shows that: during the process of stratification, the embryo rate of Paris polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis seed was significantly increased, the content of soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein were significantly decreased, the POD activities was significantly increased. Under the field condition, the changes of seed embryo rate increased to 11.59, the content of soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein reduced to 3.14mg/g, 2.72mg/g and 24.56mg/g, the activities of peroxidase (POD) increased to 10.35U/(g*min). Compared to the constant temperature stratification condition, the change law of seed physiological characteristics under the field condition was better, it was more favorable to seed germination.

  Study on Antibacterial Effects of the Extract of Tripterospermum cordatum 周罗琴 and 2015, 31 (7):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2726 Abstract + ( 547 )   PDF ( 650KB )   ( 508 ) In order to solve the Antibacterial Effects of the Extract of Tripterospermum cordatum, the antibacterial effects of the extract of Tripterospermum cordatum on pathogenic microbes were studied by filter paper pervasion. The results showed that the extract of Tripterospermum cordatum had strong antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus than the other bacteria. The water extract of Tripterospermum cordatum suppressed pathogenetic microbes effectively by different extracting method. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the extract of Tripterospermum cordatum was 3.125%. Compared with the penicillin standard curve, the inhibitory potency of the extract was equivalent to 0.77 U/mL, or 61.72 U/mg.

  Analysis of Land Use and Landscape Pattern Change in Suzhou Industrial Park Tang Wengang,Sun Weiye and Fan Zhanyong 2015, 31 (7):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100016 Abstract + ( 1435 )   PDF ( 812KB )   ( 643 ) In order to provide scientific guidance for the construction of eco-regions, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of social economy, based on the 1995, 2005 and 2013 three period survey of land use data of Suzhou industrial park, the author utilized ArcGIS and FRAGSTATS software, the methods of landscape pattern indices and land use transfer matrix, to make quantitative analysis of landscape pattern characteristics of patch class level and landscape pattern level, and study the dynamic change and characteristic of land use type conversion. The results of calculation showed as following: (1) from 1995 to 2013, landscape pattern index changed greatly, dominant landscapes were cultivated land in 1995, while dominant landscapes became urban construction land in 2013. (2) The cultivated land and urban construction land had the largest change in 18 years. The reduction of cultivated land was 83.47%. The growth of urban construction land was 192.52%. (3) As to land use transfer, cultivated land decreased apparently while urban construction land increased sharply. Reduced cultivated land was mainly converted into construction land and orchard land while increased urban construction land mainly came from cultivated land and unused land. (4) The present characteristics on the overall level of landscape were increased fragmentation, reduced concentration of the landscape, increased splitting index and enhanced landscape diversity. Research indicates that combining landscape indices with land use transfer matrix model can effectively analyze the pattern and process of the land use, and guide the construction of eco-regions scientifically.

  Experimental research on trunk injection controlling Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff 2015, 31 (7):  165-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2389 Abstract + ( 770 )   PDF ( 498KB )   ( 713 ) The paper aims to control Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff efficiently,and clarify the effect of the trunk injection.4 intake transportation function insecticides (5% acetamiprid EC, 40% omethoate EC, 30% acephate EC and 10% imidacloprid WP) were selected in the control of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff with trunk injection. The results showed that 4 insecticides exhibited determinate efficiency, and the control efficiency of 40% omethoate and 30% acephate concentrate were the obvious highest, 3 days after the application it was 74.6% and 75.33%, 7 days after the application it was 99.31% and 100%.

  The activity change of enzymes in pericarp of litchi after inoculated by difference virulence of colletotrichum gloeosporioides 2015, 31 (7):  169-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2565 Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 862KB )   ( 517 ) To study the physiological response discrepancy of pericarp of litchi after inoculated by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with different pathogenicity, the strong pathogenicity strain 0977-19-2 and the weak strain 09619-1-1, were used to inoculate on pericarps of litchi in vitro. And the control was not inoculation. The results showed that the quantities of total phenols and anthocyanin were reduced in all treats. But the range of reducing in treat inoculated by strong strain was the biggest, and the quantity was the lowest at a same moment. The activity of CAT,APX,GR increased with time except SOD. The rangeability of activity was bigger in treat inoculated with strong strain than other treats. The amount of MDA and the activities of PG, CHT, cellulose, β-1,3-glucanase were increased in all treats, but the range of increased was the bigger in treat inoculated by strong strain than the other treats.

  Genetic Cloning of A Zinc Finger Protein from Aphelenchoides besseyi (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) Liu Xiaohan,Wang Feng,Li Danlei,Dong Airong,Chen Qiaoli,Wang Bowen,,, and 2015, 31 (7):  175-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110064 Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 2073KB )   ( 471 ) To find the gene which can influence nematode breeding, the zinc finger protein gene was cloned, based on the analysis of the transcriptome of Aphelenchoides besseyi and the study of KEGG pathway. This study is the theoretical basis for the development of nematicide. By the method of homology alignment, the results indicated that the zinc finger protein had a NLS motif. The protein 3D structure study and docking analysis indicated that this protein could regulate the progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation pathway by combining with the promoter of the target gene. The results showed that the zinc finger protein gene was a potential biological control target gene, and worthy of further study.

  Residue Analysis of florasulam in Soil 2015, 31 (7):  180-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2471 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 544KB )   ( 564 ) The paper aims to establish an analytical method for determining florasulam residues in soil. Soil samples with acetonitrile were shaking extraction, then went through the membrane after standing, measured by HPLC-PAD directly. The results showed that with the addition concentration of 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, the average recoveries of florasulam in black soil, red soil, paddy soil were 82.4%-86.6%, 83.0%-87.7% and 85.6%-85.9%; the coefficient of variation were 1.9%-2.3%, 0.6%-8.2% and 2.3%-3.4%. The detection limit of florasulam was 1.0×10-9 g, the quantification limit was 1.0 mg/kg. The method is simple and fast sample analysis. Acuracy, precision and sensitivity all meet the requirement of pesticide residues analysis, and can be used for the determining florasulam residue in soil.

  Pollution Assessment of Industrial Wastewater Based on Pollution Lost Rate Method Hu Mianhao 2015, 31 (7):  185-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1742 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 550KB )   ( 677 ) To estimate accurately the potential and long-term economic losses by water pollution, the water pollution loss rate and its environmental value of industrial wastewater in Jiangxi province were calculated using the method of water pollution loss rate. The results showed the pollution economic losses caused by industrial wastewater was increased year by year from 2008 to 2011 in Jiangxi province, but the pollution economic loss rate was decreased in 2012, which indicated that the environmental management of industrial wastewater by Jiangxi province government had a positive effect. From 2008 to 2012, the average pollution economic loss caused by industrial wastewater in Jiangxi was 488 million yuan, which accounted for 0.042% of GDP in the province.

  Study on Adsorption and Desorption of Cr (Ⅵ) in Synthetic Zeolite 2015, 31 (7):  189-195.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2214 Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 1833KB )   ( 489 ) The adsorption and desorption experiments of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution using the synthetic zeolite were conducted regarding the study on the adsorption and desorption mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions. The results indicated that the solution pH showed great effect on synthetic zeolite adsorbing Cr(Ⅵ). And, the adsorption percentage of Cr(VI) increased with a decrease of solution pH and initial concentration. Nevertheless, the adsorption capacity increased with an increase of the initial concentration. The adsorption behavior showed more correspondents to Freundlich model than the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity on the synthetic zeolite concentration reached 3.58, 6.76, 8.08 mg/g respectively under the initial concentration conditions of 25.0, 50.0, 100.0 mg/L. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was better than the pseudo first-order kinetic model to describe the behavior of the synthetic zeolite adsorbing Cr(Ⅵ), the adsorption capacity of pseudo second-order kinetic differed by less than 5.8%, the adsorption mass transfer process mainly was controlled by the proliferating in the fluid film and inside the grains. In distilled water the E% of Cr (Ⅵ) is only 2.57%. After the addition of NaOH, the desorption percentage increased significantly. The desorption of Cr (VI) in the synthetic zeolite was conformed to pseudo second-order kinetic.

  Effect of Lignin/Leather Cement/Polyethylene Composite Modifier on Soil Moisture Content at Wilting Point of Aeolian Sand 2015, 31 (7):  196-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110056 Abstract + ( 576 )   PDF ( 586KB )   ( 402 ) This paper aimed to investigate the influence of aeolian sand modifier produced by biomass on soil moisture content at wilting point (SMCWP) and the optimum added quantity. The author investigated the influence of lignin, leather cement and recycled low density polyethylene (RLDPE) through the method of orthogonal experiment. Results showed that the addition of soil modifier had a role in promoting the SMCWP of aeolian sand, and the influencing of leather cement was very significant, while lignin and RLDPE were not. There was a linear relationship between SMCWP and the content of leather cement, and the regression equation was obtained by using stepwise regression analysis method, and the correlation coefficient was 0.962. When the content of RLDPE in aeolian sand was less than 15% (wt%), SMCWP of aeolian sand was improved slightly, while when its content was more than 15%, SMCWP was decreased slightly. When adding ratio of lignin, leather cement and RLDPE in aeolian land was 10%:20%:15%, SMCWP of aeolian sand reached the maximum value which was 23.72%, and the best amendment result was obtained. These results could provide some reference for biomass materials’apply in improving water retention of aeolian land.

  Effects of PAM Application on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Dredger Fill in Tianjin Coastal Area Zhao Xiufang,Li Yali,Lai Yuhan,Li Peng,Wang Zhengyu and He Yakun 2015, 31 (7):  201-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100062 Abstract + ( 665 )   PDF ( 659KB )   ( 495 ) An indoor soilcolumn experiment was carried out to study the effects of PAM application of different concentrations on the soil infiltration and salt leaching of the coastal dredger fill, in order to improve the hydraulic conductivity and accelerate the salt leaching of the coastal dredger fill. The results showed that the application of 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 g/L PAM solution effectively improved the soil structure, significantly enhanced the capacity of hydraulic fill hydraulic conductivity and leaching desalination, reduced the value of pH and improved the soil moisture content for dredger fill. In the initial leaching, the higher the concentration of PAM solution was, the faster the infiltration rate of soil water was. The infiltration rate of soil water in the dredger fill decreased with time. After the water stability, the infiltration rate of the 0.6 g/L PAM treatment reached a maximum of 0.059 cm/h, which was 1.64 times of the control treatment. Soil salt contents of all the PAM applied treatments were less than 1.0 g/kg after 267 h continuous leaching, and all soils were non-saline soil. The soil salt content of the 0.6 g/L PAM applied treatment with 0.32 g/kg was the lowest, while the soil salt content of control treatment with 4.82 g/kg was in severe saline soil. The optimal application concentration for the anionic PAM with a molecular weight of three millions was 0.6 g/L to dredger fill in Tianjin coastal Area.

  Soil-hydrological Effects of Physical Crusts in Arid Desert Region 2015, 31 (7):  206-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110022 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 527KB )   ( 450 ) In the arid desert region, soil physical crust exists widely and has important ecological significance for maintaining the balance of ecosystem. The author summarized the classification, formation and influencing factors of physical crust, discussed the research trends on the effects of physical crusts on soil rainfall infiltration, evaporation, direct surface runoff, soil development and microbial growth and so on at home and abroad, investigated the relationship between physical crust and biological crust, pointed out research expectation of physical crust. The author suggested: in the east part of Hexi Corridor, clay barriers and Haloxylon ammodendron acted as sand fixing afforestation. This mode led to physical crust extensively developed under the raindrop erosion. The crust reduced the water penetration, increased direct surface runoff, which resulted in deep soil drought and degeneration of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron and the reduction of deep soil moisture, it led to desert zone eco-hydrology process and vegetation pattern evolution. This study has significance in restoration of degraded vegetation and hydrological cycle of soil moisture in arid desert area.

  Isolation and identification of bacteria in the plant rhizosphere soil 2015, 31 (7):  212-217.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120054 Abstract + ( 751 )   PDF ( 587KB )   ( 593 ) This study aimed to reveal the community structure and diversity of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of different plants, and lay the foundation for better utilization of the bacteria in the rhizosphere soil. The bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of 12 kinds of plants were isolated by dilution method. Based on 16S rDNA sequence determination and phylogenetic analysis, the taxonomic positions of the bacteria were preliminary determined. The results showed that the diversity of culturable bacteria was different in the rhizosphere soil of different plants. The quantity and species of the bacteria were richer in continuous cropping soil and perennial plant rhizosphere soil. 137 bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil of 12 kinds of plants and classified into 8 genusis, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Brevibacterium, Arthrobacter, Serratia, Paenibacillus, Acinetobacter, and Massilia. The dominant genus was Bacillus, accounting for 81.0% , among which, B. megaterium, B. aryabhattai, B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens accounted for the major proportion. Bacteria species like B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens were reported as profitable soil microorganism, could be developed and utilized in future research, culturable bacteria in plant rhizosphere soil were various and rich in species, and were expected to become a beneficial microorganism pool for future use.

  Response of Soil Organic Carbon of Rain Fed Cropland to Stubble Tillage in Inner Mongolia 2015, 31 (7):  218-222.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1864 Abstract + ( 833 )   PDF ( 620KB )   ( 424 ) In order to define the effect of stubble mulch tillage on soil degradation of farmland, the approach adopted in this paper is to compare the effects of3kinds of cultivation ways (GC, DC, CT) on soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil respiration rate and soil organic carbon content in oats farmland. The results obtained in this research were as follows: compared with CT, GC and DC could decrease soil temperature for 8.00% and7.00%, respectively; meanwhile, the decrease of soil temperature increased with stubble height. GC and DC could increase soil moisture content, compared with CT, GC could increase soil moisture content by 24.60%. GC and DC could both remarkably increase soil respiration rate at different growth stages of oats; GC soil respiration rate was the highest, reached32.71%. The GC soil organic carbon content was notable to CT. Oat production performance was: GC＞DC＞CT. Furthermore, GC and DC were significantly higher than CT by40.00% and25.00%. In conclusion, oats no-tillage stubble could increase the soil respiration rate and soil organic carbon content, which had significant effect on increasing yields.

  The Effect of Biochar on Soil Aggregate Micro Environment and Heavy Metal Pollution Shang Yijie,Wang Haibo and Shi Jing 2015, 31 (7):  223-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100077 Abstract + ( 972 )   PDF ( 510KB )   ( 556 ) As a kind of high quality soil conditioner, biochar made the resources recycled and realized. It has huge application value and practical significance in the field of agriculture and ecology, thus universal attention by scholars both at home and abroad has focused on biochar in recent years. This paper reviewed the biochar effects on the soil heavy metal pollution repair, and from the effect of biochar on the improvement of soil aggregate micro domain environment cation exchange capacity, nutrients and organic matter, explored the effects of biochar to soil heavy metal pollution repair mechanism. The results showed that the biochar played a significant role in fixing and improving the form of soil heavy metal and the biological effectiveness. Suggestions and prospect for future research in this field were proposed in this paper, so as to provide a reference for biomass charcoal development.

  Determination of phenolic compounds and assessment of antioxidant activity of oat bran by microwave-assisted extraction 武娇 and 任祎 2015, 31 (7):  229-234.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1827 Abstract + ( 675 )   PDF ( 626KB )   ( 535 ) In order to set up a efficient method for extracting total phenolic compounds from oat bran, and reducing enviormental pollution, the Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was applied in the extraction and compared with traditional solvent extraction (TSE) as well. Effects of various conditions including the solvent, solvent to material ratio, microwave power and irradiation time on extraction yield of phenolics were investigated, the conditions was optimized by orthogonal design as well. The results showed that the optimal parameters for MAE were 75% of ethanol, 640 W of microwave power, 1:8 g/mL of solid-liquid ratio and 15 min irradiation time; under such conditions, 9.72 mg/g phenolic extraction yield was achieved with MAE, which was higher than 6.67 mg/g with TSE. The vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by using DPPH assay. The extract with MAE had strong capacity of scavenging DPPH free radical, which was 90.4% as large as that of α-tocopherol.

  Correlation Analysis between the content of Cellulose and lignin and quality indices in upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco from Wulingshan area 2015, 31 (7):  235-240.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100124 Abstract + ( 669 )   PDF ( 532KB )   ( 448 ) In order to study cellulose, lignin contents of upper leaf and their correlation with quality indices, 48 samples of upper leaf (B2F) were collected from 7 main production counties of Wulingshan area in 2011 and 2012. The content of cellulose and lignin in tobacco were determined, and the variations of the cellulose, lignin contents in different years and from different varieties were analyzed. The relationships between the contents of cellulose and lignin and four kinds of quality indices (appearance quality, physical property, chemical components and sensory quality) were analyzed. The results indicated that there were no significant differences of cellulose and lignin contents between samples collected in different years and from different varieties. Cellulose content had obvious correlation with appearance quality, physical property, chemical components and sensory quality. Lignin content had significant correlation with gray and oil, but had no significant correlation with other quality indices of the flue-cured tobacco. We can conclude that the samples collected in different years and from different varieties contained the same quantity of cellulose and lignin. Content of cellulose was closely related with tobacco quality index, while lignin content had little effect on tobacco quality.

  Effects of Harvest Ripeness on Storage Quality of Tomato Fruits 2015, 31 (7):  241-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2581 Abstract + ( 3452 )   PDF ( 744KB )   ( 791 ) Our aim was to study the effect of different harvest ripeness on storage quality of tomatoes. We had used ‘Provencal’ tomatoes which were respectively harvest in green ripe period, color changing period, mature period, pre-red ripe period, mid-red ripe period and late-red ripe period as experimental materials, and stored these tomatoes in 18℃ during experiment. Our results suggested that after tomatoes harvested in green ripe period stored to complete ripe period, the decay rate and the weight loss rate being 0.87-1.19 times and 1.13-3.62 times higher, otherwise lycopene being 20.1%-25.6% lower than tomatoes received the other treatments. Tomatoes harvested in color changing period had longer storage period than tomatoes from other ripe periods, and these tomatoes from color changing period had lowest weight loss rate, low decay rate, high content of reducing sugar, protein, vitamin C, lycopene, high ratio of sugar to acid, good nutrition and flavor after they stored to late-red ripe period and complete ripe period. Tomatoes from pre-red and mid-red ripe period had short storage period, and had good nutrients and flavors after stored to complete ripe period. Tomatoes from late ripe period had shortest storage period, good nutrients and flavors, lowest decay rate, moderate weight loss rate after stored to complete ripe period. Tomatoes used for long time storage should be harvested in color changing period, otherwise tomatoes used for short time storage should be harvested in pre-red and mid-red ripe period. Tomatoes used for fresh eating should be harvested in late red ripe period. Tomatoes harvested in green ripe period were not suitable for storage.

  Research Progress on Navel Orange Preservation 2015, 31 (7):  246-250.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2507 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 557KB )   ( 608 ) In recent years, navel orange industry has been developing rapidly in China, and its preservation technology has made a great progress. The author summarized the postharvest physiological characteristics and analyzed the new preservation technology at home and foreign countries, including on tree storage, heat treatment, plant extracts, biological antagonistic bacteria and genes engineering technology, and discussed the research directions of preservation technology of navel orange.

  Research on characteristics of cultivated Land change and Driving mechanism in Kunming 2015, 31 (7):  251-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110020 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 677KB )   ( 556 ) In order to analyze the driving factors of the cultivated land change in Kunming, correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis were used to explore the factors. The study was based on the condition that area of cultivated land was diminishing and area of construction land was increasing in Kunming from 2000 to 2010. The results showed that the main driving factors were economic, population and technical factors. Economic factors (Kunming GDP, the total value of industrial production, fixed asset investment) were the most important. Population factor (total population) was the indirect effective factor. Technical factor (the total power of agricultural machinery) was more and more important. Economic and population growth led to the reduction of cultivated area per capita. Reduction in arable land and increase of population exacerbated the contradiction between people and land, and had a significant impact on ecology and environment.

  The potential measurement for land development——A case of Habahe County 尹忠东 2015, 31 (7):  256-260.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110093 Abstract + ( 577 )   PDF ( 702KB )   ( 453 ) [Objective] To carry out reasonable potential evaluation of land development and increase the effective arable land area is a currently urgent need to solve the problem of land consolidation.[Method]Potential evaluation model of land development was proposed and potential evaluation index system of land development was constructed from land use, natural factors, socio-economic conditions and ecological factors of 4 aspects 12 indicators. By selecting a representative case, Habahe County, located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the administrative villages in Habahe County were put as main evaluation units and GIS method was applied to conduct empirical research. [Result]The results indicates that unused land development potential is high with limiting factors such as slope, water, soil texture , so the recent land development is difficult. [Conclusion] It shows that 1) Hahahe County can be divided into high, medium, general and low potential partitions, 2) high and medium potential partitions are the priority land development area , 3)With positive ecological environment protection,animal husbandry should be developed in low potential partitions to adapt the local conditions.

  Typical Agriculture and Pastoral Area Rural Development Influencing Factors and Mode Selection: A Case Study of Wushen Banner, Erdos City of Inner Mongolia 2015, 31 (7):  261-266.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2129 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 803KB )   ( 454 ) For sustainable development strategy implemented by China, agriculture and countryside are the foundation and the prior fields, face greatest challenge and difficulty. New rural development of agricultural and pastoral areas is an important constituent in new rural construction of China as well as a relatively weak link. Wushen Banner is the typical agricultural and pastoral area. Towns and Sumus in Wushen Banner have respective unique characteristics in aspects such as regional difference, functional dominance, development conditionality and the like, determining construction and development of new countryside. According to analysis on “three characteristics” of the towns and the sumus of Wushen Banner, main modes of new rural development of it are industrial enterprise leading mode, urban construction leading mode, modern agriculture leading mode, ecological animal husbandry leading mode, leisure tourism leading mode and professional market leading mode.

  Study on Farmer Participation Willingness of Balancing Between the Increase and Decrease of Urban and Rural Construction Land——In Jiangjin District 380 household survey data 2015, 31 (7):  267-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2203 Abstract + ( 628 )   PDF ( 554KB )   ( 451 ) This study randomly selected five town seven villages 380 households, surveyed their participation willingness of balancing between the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land. The results indicate: almost all of the farmers said that if individuals or companies willing to transfer their land and the price is reasonable, they would be willing to transfer the land. Meanwhile, investigated farmers for the relocation willingness in the study area, as long as reasonable compensation for demolition, resettlement housing to solve farmers and social security issues, most farmers would be willing to relocate. Thus, balancing between the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land is in line with the actual needs of farmers, conducive to promoting agricultural industrialization and scale of operations, improving farmers' production and living conditions.

  Empirical Analysis of the Citizens’ Willingness to Select Community Supported Agriculture Mode (CSA) in Lanzhou City 2015, 31 (7):  272-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2616 Abstract + ( 625 )   PDF ( 590KB )   ( 600 ) In recent years, with the prominent of agricultural product safety issues and too long circulation, it leads to benefits loss of farmers and consumers become increasingly serious. More and more people begin to pay close attention to this new agricultural development model, which combine consumer and producer interests with the new field of agricultural product safety ,it calls Community Supported Agriculture (CSA). This paper based on empirically investigates about Lanzhou City citizens, using the method of descriptive statistical analysis, systematically analyzed selection wills of choosing CSA patterns. The results showed that, age, job occupation, the degree of education, income level, the understanding of the safety agricultural food products and the cognition of the CSA model significantly affected the choice of CSA mode. Through differences of intentions, the paper also predicted the target customer groups for the CSA model in Lanzhou and forecasted the feasibility of introducing this future agricultural marketing model.

  Level of urban and rural residents Pension Insurance Development Research—— Based on factor analysis of inter-provincial data 2015, 31 (7):  279-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2640 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 496KB )   ( 466 ) In order to find the gap between urban and rural old-age insurance under the dual conditions of the new town development and reform of household registration, the total number of insured population, income and expenditure as well as the number of urban and rural residents insured pension insurance, urban and rural residents pension insurance fund income and expenditure of Chinese provinces (except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in 2012 were analyzed using SPSS19.0 with factor analysis. Provinces were ranked according to the total score and the common factor score value. The results showed that the level of pension development of urban and rural residents in all provinces and cities had obvious differences. The values of the two types of common factor score of the few top provinces were different, and the total scores were also different. The gap between provinces which were found by the factor analysis provided the theoretical and practical support for resolving the regional differences of pension insurance.

  Rationality of Carbon Tariff and China’s Legal Measures in Respond Wen Ting and Shen Lvye 2015, 31 (7):  286-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100106 Abstract + ( 741 )   PDF ( 502KB )   ( 635 ) With the development of economy, the greenhouse gas problem is getting more and more serious. The debate about how to solve this problem is also intensified. So European Union proposed the establishment of carbon tariff. The creation of carbon tariff has sparked fierce debate in international community. Its rationality has become the focus of debates. There is no conclusion on the rationality of carbon tariff at present, but scholars advocate seeking the legal basis of carbon tariff from the relevant rules of GATT/WTO. The implementation of carbon tariff would definitely influence Chinese export trade and seriously damage the economic benefits. Therefore, in order to achieve a balance of trade liberalization and environmental protection, China must take relevant measures such as setting carbon tax, carbon labeling system and develop CDM to deal with carbon tariff.