Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.36 Published:20 March 2015

  Preparation and Physico-chemical Properties of Early-rice Seed-coating Fertilizer 2014, 30 (36):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1086 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 597KB )   ( 592 ) To obtain the preparation conditions and explore the physico-chemical properties of early-rice seed-coating fertilizer, the single factor tests of the amount of fertilizer, the load rate of seed, the amount of coating agent, coating method and drying time were conducted, and the optimal preparation conditions of early-rice seed-coating fertilizer were determined by orthogonal test L9(34). The physico-chemical properties of the pH, viscosity, film-forming time, film-forming properties, split time in water of coating, coating uniformity, coating-off rate were measured. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: the amount of fertilizer was 100 g/kg, the load rate of seed was 500 g/kg, the amount of coating agent 1 g/kg, coating method was A-B, drying time was 40 min. Test results of physico-chemical properties showed that the pH was 6.90, viscosity was 9.23 mPa/s, the film was middle level, the film-forming time was 7.5 min, split time in water of coating was 6.5 min, coating uniformity was 95.0%, coating-off rate was 9.2%, which indicated that the coating-agent for early-rice seed-coating fertilizer had good physico-chemical properties.

  Correlation Analysis Between Leaf SOD Activation and Spectral Absorption for Rice Under Sulfur Dioxide Fumigation Condition Liu Ziheng and Tang Yanlin 2014, 30 (36):  7-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2544 Abstract + ( 737 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 632 ) In order to measure the SOD activation of rice leaves by absorption spectra under sulfur dioxide fumigation condition, the correlation between the SOD activation and spectral absorption of rice leaf was studied in an area experiment under sulfur dioxide fumigation condition. Results showed that the correlation curve had two peak points in all the growth stages, located between 520-550 nm and 720-750 nm bands. The average A1 and A2 were calculated by 720-750 nm and 520-550 nm bands. The spectral variables were formed by A1 and A2, and the spectral variables infer SOD activation. The study found that, in the whole rice growing period, the Logarithmic sum of variable correlation spectroscopy and superoxide dismutase activity correlated significantly improved. The model of SOD activation was built by selecting logarithm adding. This article proposes some exploring research for measuring the SOD of rice under sulfur dioxide fumigation condition.

  Effects of Sand Priming on Germination and Cold Resistance of Seedling of Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 郝瑜琪, Kang Dan, Liu Yuanming and Wang Yang 2014, 30 (36):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1736 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 518KB )   ( 452 ) The objective of the present study is to investigate effects of sand priming on cold tolerance of japonica rice at germination and seedling stage. Effect of sand priming on anti-cold was investigated using south japonica rice (‘Nannongjing3786’) and north japonica rice (‘Kongyu131’). The seedling of cold resistance and physiological change were researched at 2℃germination stage and at 14℃ seedling stage. The results showed that, the percentage of germination, seedling establishment and seedling height in two japonica rice were significantly increased priming by sand after low temperature stress. The content of chlorophyll, proline and soluble sugar in rice seedling were significantly increased. The sand priming treatment for seed could prohibit the leakage of cell of seedling root, reduce the content of MDA and increase the POD and SOD activity after low temperature stress. Sand priming could increase cold tolerance of japonica rice at early growing stage.

  Analysis of Optimized NPK Formulation and Top-dressing on Increasing Yield in Double Cropping Rice of Hunan Tian Faxiang,Zhu Jian,Xie Yunhe,Peng Hua and Ji Xionghui 2014, 30 (36):  16-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1719 Abstract + ( 638 )   PDF ( 536KB )   ( 583 ) The effect of different formula of NPK and top dressed twice on rice growth in typical double cropping rice area, which located at Kaihui, Ganshan, Matang and Xinqiang Town, were studied on field experiment in order to select the formula of compound fertilizer and top dressing mode for double cropping of rice production in Hunan. The results showed that, the rice yields for the optimized formulated fertilizer treatment, which increased the proportion of phosphorus and potassium and reduced its nitrogen fertilizer by 7.5 kg/hm2, could ensure early rice stable yield and increased late rice yield by 187.5-378.0 kg/hm2 compared with the conventional complex fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O formula as 20-10-10 for early rice and 26-10-13 for late rice). The N-P2O5-K2O formula 18-14-16 of optimized formulated fertilizer was suitable for early rice production, and the other N-P2O5-K2O formula 18-9-16 was suitable for late rice production. The rice yields for top-dressing at tillering stage, booting stage increased by 187.5-382.5 kg/hm2 and 258.0-415.5 kg/hm2 for early and late rice, and the nitrogen use efficiency increased 10.9-24.2 percentage points (31.5%-51.1%) for early rice and 8.3-13.4 percentage points (36.2%-64.9%) for late rice compared with the top-dressing at tillering stage.

  Effects of Tillering Stage Low Temperature Stress on Super Hybrid Early Rice Song Zhonghua,Zhang Yangui,,Huang Wanhua,Liu Binyu,Yan Sheng and Zhou Yu 2014, 30 (36):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1721 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 639KB )   ( 439 ) Tillering is an important agronomic trait which influences rice panicle number and yield, and meteorological conditions have great influence on tillering stage. To study effects of tillering stage low temperature on super hybrid early rice tillering, this paper uses medium super hybrid early rice combined‘Ganxin 203’as the material, artificial climate box as test equipment, and adopts manual control method to have the stress test of the double factors (i.e. temperature and duration) at the tillering beginning stage. With the aid of methods such as statistical analysis, multiple comparison, cluster analysis and so on, the paper analyzes the differences between total spike number and effective panicle number, and their relationship with temperature and low temperature days. The results showed that, total spike number and effective panicle number reduce with the decrease of temperature, the differences of total spike number and effective panicle number caused by temperature difference are extremely significant, and temperatures lower than 19℃at the tillering stage do great harm to tillering; while total spike number and effective panicle number reduce with the increase of low temperature days, but the differences were not obvious, and the adverse effects of short-time cold weather could not be ignored.

  Physiological Responses of Different F2 Wheat Seedlings to Water Stress Sun Jinghai,Wang Xiangjun and Dai Zhongmin 2014, 30 (36):  28-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1222 Abstract + ( 678 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 476 ) 5 F2 seedlings of different wheat genotypes were used to investigate the effects of water stress on physiological characters. The wheat seedlings were treated with different water stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) and the content of free proline and soluble protein were measured in 12, 15 and 18 days. Results showed that these physiological indexes under drought stress were different in 5 wheat seedlings. Testing wheat material 024737 was less affected by drought stress than other four testing wheat materials, which showed that 024737 had high drought resistance.

  Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation with Straw-return on Wheat Yield and Potassium Forms Dong Liang,Sun Zeqiang,Wang Xuejun,Dong Xiaoxia,Guo Honghai,Zheng Dongfeng and Ma Zheng 2014, 30 (36):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1549 Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 515KB )   ( 450 ) In order to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation with straw-return on wheat yield and potassium forms, field experiment was arranged in Pinyuan County. The results indicated that, nitrogen fertilizer regulation with straw-return could affect the wheat yield and potassium forms. The highest yield of wheat was obtained with nitrogen dressing ratio 7:3 and 6:4. As to the potassium forms, the content of water-soluble potassium, exchangeable potassium and total potassium were the highest with nitrogen dressing ratio 7:3 and 6:4, and the difference of non-exchangeable potassium were not significant among all treatments. Under the experiment condition, nitrogen dressing ratio 7:3 and 6:4 were the best treatments, they could increase the wheat yield and soil total potassium and available potassium content.

  Growth and Water Consumption Characteristics of Winter Wheat Under Aerated Subsurface Drip Irrigation Lei Hongjun,Zang Ming,Zhang Zhenhua,Liu Xin,Xu Jianxin,Li Daoxi and Wu Feng 2014, 30 (36):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2168 Abstract + ( 912 )   PDF ( 826KB )   ( 532 ) Aerated subsurface irrigation provides a source of oxygen in a root environment that suffers from temporal hypoxia, and unlocks yield potentials of crops. In order to study the applicability of aerated irrigation in winter wheat under different soil condition of alluvial soil in Zhengzhou City (ZZ), red clay in Luoyang City (LY), yellow cinnamon soil in Nanyang City (NY) and fluvo-aquic soil in Shangqiu City (SQ), the effects of aerated irrigation on water consumption characteristics, physical signs, yield and the quality of winter wheat were investigated by pot experiment. Compared to the control treatments, the water consumption of the aerated group in ZZ, LY, NY and SQ treatments were increased. The stomatal resistances of ZZ and SQ treatments were decreased by 66.72% and 61.47% respectively compared with control treatments. There was no significant difference in NY and LY treatment. The yield and 1000-grain weight in aerated group of LY treatment was increased by 12.61% and 12.23%. There was no significant difference in ZZ, NY, and SQ treatment. Our data suggested that cycle aerated subsurface irrigation could improve the crop yield and crop quality of winter wheat in the LY treatment.

  Spatial-Temporal Distributions of Climatic Suitability Index of Winter Wheat over the Huanghuaihai Region of China in 1987-2012 Zhang Yanhong,Lv Houquan and Qian Yonglan 2014, 30 (36):  48-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1717 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 2772KB )   ( 362 ) In order to study the climatic suitability of climate resources for winter wheat over the Huanghuaihai Region, based on existing study result, the evaluation model of climatic suitability of winter wheat was selected. According to homogenizing principle, 63 stations in 5 provinces of Huanghuaihai Region of China were chosen, using their meteorological data from 1987 to 2012, the spatial-temporal distributions of climatic suitability index of winter wheat were analyzed. The results indicated that: the temperature suitability, sunshine suitability, precipitation suitability of spatial distribution difference were obvious, the temperature suitability index from north to south, sunshine suitability index from east to west and rainfall suitability index from south to north generally had a declining regional distribution. The climatic suitability index was higher and could meet the needs of different stages of winter wheat growth. The sunshine suitability index was higher than 0.8, the temperature suitability index was higher than 0.7 except tillering stage , but the suitability of precipitation was low and the natural precipitation was a limited key factor to the winter wheat production in this region.

  Effects of Different Planting Patterns and Nitrogen Fertilization on Photosynthesis and Yield of Wheat 2014, 30 (36):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1680 Abstract + ( 1182 )   PDF ( 626KB )   ( 478 ) In order to adapt to the current lack of rural labor force, the author studied planting patterns of the southern region and nitrogen application rate on the high gluten wheat ‘Xikemai6’ yield and efficiency, and selected suitable planting and fertilization technology for farmers. A field experiment was conducted to study three planting patterns, furrow sowing, dibble seeding and broadcast sowing, which were commonly used in the southern region, and yield effects and incremental benefit of different nitrogen levels. The results showed that: different planting patterns, different nitrogen levels and the interaction between planting patterns and nitrogen level could affect “Xikemai 6” leaf SPAD value, grain yield, protein content and yield increase. The maximum SPAD value of three planting patterns was in blossom period, furrow sowing at the level of N3 treatment, SPAD value was 60.1; dibble seeding at the level of N2 treatment, SPAD value was 62.3; broadcast sowing at N4 treatment, SPAD value was 62.8. Furrow sowing had the maximum net photosynthetic rate, earlier filling stage under N4 level treatment was high, reaching 19.5 μmol/(m2·s), while dibble seeding had longer high photosynthetic rate duration. Among the tested three kinds of planting patterns, dibble seeding combined with N3 treatment had the highest yield, which was 8962.07 kg/hm2; followed by furrow sowing combined with N3 treatment, which had a yield of 8791.39 kg/hm2; broadcast sowing had a low yield, and combined with nitrogen treatment of N4, the yield was only 8594.76 kg/hm2. Deducting investment cost, net income order was: broadcasting sowing > furrow sowing > dibble seeding. The study suggested that farmers should adopt dibble seeding to achieve high yield when planting ‘Xikemai6’, while to get higher yields with less inputs, broadcast sowing is applicable.

  Breeding Method of New Variety ‘Shaan512’ with High-yield, Multi-anti, Medium-strong Gluten (Ⅱ) Wang Rui and Zhang Yongke 2014, 30 (36):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1701 Abstract + ( 1119 )   PDF ( 610KB )   ( 1032 ) For the outstanding problems of drought, hot, cold, diseases harm and lodging, sprouting et al in the wheat production and consumption needs in Guanzhong region, the new variety with high-yield, multi-anti, high-quality needs to be developed. Using Taigu genetic male-sterile wheat as genetic background, through a combination of complex crosses, recurrent selection and pedigree selection, by means of different priorities in the genes′ accumulation and traits′ selection, several excellent traits′ aggregation are to be created and the breeding process is to be shorten. The results showed that the bred cultivar ‘Shaan512’ had some excellent characters as follows: (1) high and stable yielding, its yields came out top in the regional tests of Shaanxi Province for 3 years and exceeded 9750 kg/hm2 for many times in the demonstration fields; (2) the new cultivar had more comprehensive resistances and wide range of adaptability, such as enough resistances or tolerances to drought, hot, cold harm and powdery disease, lodging, dry-hot wind and pre-harvest sprouting, longer leaf functional period and fully filling; (3) the new cultivar demonstrated fine appearance quality and cooking quality like big-kernel, excellent commodity of appearance, strong gluten, fine palatability. In the technical innovation of the ‘Shaan512’ breeding strategy: (1) the SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE sequences were perfected, read and evaluated, the positive effect of HMW-GS 14 15 were found and applied; (2) the cross-making methods and selection techniques in character aggregation by Taigu genetic male-sterile wheat were innovated, the shorter breeding record of 7 years from combination-making to variety certified were created; (3) the technical problems that high-yield and high-quality were difficultly united with multi-resistances in the large-spike, big-kernel variety were resolved to certain degree.

  Analysis on Heterosis and Combining Ability of Agronomic Traits in Hybrid Barley Chen Xiaodong,Zhao Bin,Ji Changhao,Gu Jiangtao and Wang Rui 2014, 30 (36):  69-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1645 Abstract + ( 732 )   PDF ( 479KB )   ( 377 ) In order to provide a guideline in the selection of parents in hybrid barley breeding, twelve representative cultivars (lines) from different barley production areas in China were hybridized according to NCⅡ design to form 35 crosses to analyze the heterosis and combining ability of 7 agronomic traits including plant height (PH), internode length below spike (IL), spike length (SL), spikes per plant (SP), kernels per plant (KP), kernel weight per plant (KWP) and thousand kernel weight (TKW). The results indicated mid-parent heterosis (MPH) of F1 presented to be diverse in different traits. Positive heterotic crosses were obtained in the traits of PH, IL, SL and TKW, the proportion of which were 90%, 73.3%, 73.3% and 73.3%, respectively. More negative heterotic crosses appeared in the traits of SP, KP and KWP, and the highest proportion of 76.7% existed in the trait of KP. Different parents had different general combining ability (GCA) in the same trait and the GCA of one parent varied in different traits. The special combining ability (SCA) among crosses has the same result as to the variation of GCA. The SCA of a cross derived from two parents both with high GCA may not be high, and is the consequence of the interaction of genes. Therefore, primary consideration should be placed on parents with high GCA and cross with high SCA can be then screened.

  Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Quota on Photosynthetic Performance and Water Use Efficiency of Maize Liang Zhejun,Qi Hongli,Wang Yuxiang,Dong Peng,Zhang Dongmei,Yang Yinbin,, and 2014, 30 (36):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1700 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 633KB )   ( 525 ) In order to research irrigation quota and irrigation cycle of summer maize under drip irrigation condition and establish suitable irrigation system, a field experiment with ‘Zheng dan 958’ cultivar was conducted to evaluate the effects of different drip irrigation quota in different growth stage on growth and development, photosynthetic performance, yield and water use efficiency of maize. The results showed that, as irrigation quota increased, plant height, ear height and the largest leaf area index increased. There were no significant differences in photosynthetic performance of maize ear leaf in silking stage among four better irrigation quota treatments, and the transpiration rates were the same. The descending rate of maize leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) in later growth stage decreased with the increase of irrigation quota. With the irrigation quota decreased, ear rows, kernels per row, 1000-grain weight decreased significantly. The DI-2 model was considered more optimum by analyzing yield, WUE and economic benefit. The results can provide a reference for summer corn yield cultivation techniques and water-saving drip irrigation system in southern Shanxi.

  Shade Wet Environment on Maize Grain Yield and Its Constitution Traits 2014, 30 (36):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1120 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 558KB )   ( 461 ) Grain yield and its constitution traits of 30 maize inbred lines and 18 hybrids were compared between the shade wet environment and the natural environment. The results showed that, compared with those in the natural environment, individual kernel weight, ear length, rows per ear, kernel numbers per row, grain numbers per ear and 100-kernel weight of hybrid in the shade wet environment were reduced by 72.2%, 41.90%, 25.95%, 53.79%, 64.81% and 14.69%, respectively, the difference was highly remarkable; the above traits of inbred lines in the shade wet environment were reduced by 66.97%, 34.69%, 28.82%, 48.49%, 62.03% and 6.40%, respectively, the difference was highly remarkable or remarkable. According to the comprehensive shade wet tolerance coefficient and using t test, 18 hybrids could be divided into 3 shade wet tolerance groups: 5 in strong, 7 in medium and 6 in weak; and among the 30 inbred lines, shade wet tolerance distribution was: 8 in strong group, 10 in medium group and 12 in weak group.

  Analysis of the Change of Production and Meteorological Factors at Henan Summer Maize Growing Season During the Year of 2001-2012 Qiao Jiangfang,Liu Jiangbao,Xia Laikun,Zhu Weihong,Li Chuan and Huang Lu 2014, 30 (36):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1607 Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 594KB )   ( 428 ) The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the disaster weather and maize yield during the growing season from June to September. The disaster area of crops, total production of summer maize, single yield and planting area from 2001 to 2012 were statistically analyzed, and using 18 stations ground climatic data of different latitude to find the change law of different meteorological factors in the growing seasons from June to September. The results showed that, the main disaster types were drought, water logging and wind hazard in recent ten years; the main reason for maize total yield growth was the increasing of planting area, and single yield of maize was maintained at 5550 kg/hm2; during the maize growing season, especially for filling stage, rainy sparse sunlight and high temperature and drought were the main causes for the per unit area yield decrease; maize lodging and yield decrease were mainly caused by the gale damage. Strengthening study on the capacity of maize resistance to natural disasters is the important measure for increasing the per unit area yield of maize and improving its production capacity.

  Effect of Nitrogen Supply on Grain Filling in Maize with Different Nitrogen Efficiency Huang Yankai,Shen Lixia and Li Ting 2014, 30 (36):  91-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1636 Abstract + ( 680 )   PDF ( 793KB )   ( 555 ) The field experiment was carried out from May 1 to October 7 in 2013. Different kinds of maize behave greatly different in aspect of absorbing and using nitrogen, so it is very essential to confirm their nitrogen quantity demanded. Effects of nitrogen fertilization can reflect on the growth of grains at their filling stage. Many scholars have done quite a lot of experiments about grain filling difference between different kinds of maize in the same condition of nitrogen application, while there are little reports applying different conditions of nitrogen application. The purpose of the experiment is to confirm the nitrogen quantity demanded, and compare the difference between different maize varieties by researching the stage of grain filling. The treatment consisted of different maize varieties (‘Tunyu99’, ‘Luyu19’, ‘Xianyu335’) and nitrogen supply rates: N0, N1, N2 (0 kg/hm2, 140 kg/hm2, 210 kg/hm2). The results showed that ‘Tunyu99’ grew best in N2, ‘Luyu19’ in N1 and ‘Xianyu335’ in both N1 and N2. Compared with N0, the order of different advantage in nitrogen supply was ‘Luyu19’ in N1, ‘Tunyu99’ in N2 and ‘Xianyu335’ in N1 and N2. Grains at the top position presented better development than those at the bottom in sides of weight difference. Grains of ‘Luyu19 ’dehydrate more obviously than ‘Tunyu 99’ and ‘Xianyu 335’.

  Effects of Humic Acid and Humic Organic Fertilizer on Nutrient Allocation and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Maize Yuan Lifeng,Huang Tengyue,Wang Gailing and Wang Xiaoling 2014, 30 (36):  98-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1009 Abstract + ( 636 )   PDF ( 541KB )   ( 462 ) In order to use humic acid efficiently in agriculture so as to alleviate organic fertilizer shortage, a field experiment was set up to study the effect of different fertilization, including no fertilizer, fertilizer, fertilizer combined with weathering coal, humic organic fertilizer on crop growth, dry matter accumulation, yield and fertilizer use efficiency of maize. The results showed that: crop growth, dry matter accumulation, yield and nutrient uptake were improved significantly by different fertilization; compared with applying fertilizer, fertilizer combined with weathering coal and humic organic fertilizer not only improved crop growth and increased the weights of root, stalk and grain yield significantly, but also increased the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in each part of maize, resulting in higher fertilizer use efficiency. Fertilizer combined with weathering coal and humic organic fertilize increased the potassium content in root and stalk significantly, however, they had no significant effect on the potassium content in grain.

  Preliminary Test of Varieties and Cultivation Techniques of Peanut in Malawi Xu Rirong,Tang Zhaoxiu and Wu Chaosheng 2014, 30 (36):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2466 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 549KB )   ( 574 ) In order to meet the needs of Fujian enterprise to develop peanut industry in Malawi, 6 peanut varieties (lines) bred by Institute of Crop, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and 4 local varieties, were studied for variety comparison test and cultivation technology demonstration, with random block design and large area planting in Malawi in the years 2013-2014. The results showed that, the pod yields of 7 varieties varied from 1150.05 kg/hm2 to 2943.75 kg/hm2 in the rain season.‘Kanghuang 1’was the highest yield and cg-7 (the control) was the lowest. The pod yields of 6 introduced varieties increased by 54.78% to 155.98% than the control. Seed kernel yield of 7 varieties varied from 654.45 kg/hm2 to 1845.6 kg/hm2.‘Kanghuang 1’was the highest yield and cg-7 (the control) was the lowest. The seed kernel yields of 6 introduced varieties increased by 55.67% to 182.0% than the control. The pod yields of 7 varieties varied from 2344.5 kg/hm2 to 3559.5 kg/hm2 in the dry season.‘Fuhua 0621’was the highest yield and cg-7 (the control) was the lowest. The pod yields of 6 introduced varieties increased by 7.81% to 51.82% than the control. Seed kernel yield of 7 varieties varied from 1428.0 kg/hm2 to 2335.05 kg/hm2.‘Fuhua 0621’was the highest yield and‘Fuhua 9’was the lowest. The seed kernel yields of other 5 varieties of seed yield except‘Fuhua 9’, increased by 29.85%-52.99% than cg-7 (CK). In the dry season, cultivation technology demonstration showed that the pod yields of 4 varieties of Malawi varied from 1900.5 kg/hm2 to 3213.0 kg/hm2. BaKa had the highest yield and Chalimbana had the lowest. The seed yields of 4 varieties varied from 1016.7 kg/hm2 to 2307.0 kg/hm2. BaKa was the highest yield and Chalimbana was the lowest. The test results showed that, the 6 peanut varieties were adapted to the ecological conditions and extensive cultivation habit of Malawi. The peanut cultivation techniques of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences were adapted to 4 peanut varieties of Malawi, and could get high yield. Preliminary study showed that, if air humidity was≥50%, and could meet the physiological needs of peanut blossom during the flowering phase by using the special ecological environment such as Lake Malawi, and used artificial irrigation, we proved produce of peanut in dry season, this pattern suggested expanding test and extension after demonstration.

  Comparative Study on the Different Germplasm Resource of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright 2014, 30 (36):  110-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1172 Abstract + ( 763 )   PDF ( 502KB )   ( 477 ) Breeding of high yield, good adaptability cultivar is the most important things for the development of Dioscorea zingiberensis production. Based on the extensive collection of germplasm, growth period, flowering characteristics, underground traits, yield, morbidity and other indicators were compared and analyzed in the study which aimed at the sifting of strong adaptability, high yield, high quality germplasm resources. The results indicated: Dunshu 38, Dunshu 401-1, Dunshu 34 and Dunshu 35 were suitable for the cultivation in Kunming.These strains showed high yield and overall performance better than others.

  Comprehensive Assessment of Drought Resistance of 20 Proso Millet Germplasm Resources in Whole Growth Period Wang Haigang,Chen Ling,Wang Junjie,Cao Xiaoning,Dong Junli,Wang Lun,Yang Tianyu and Qiao Zhijun 2014, 30 (36):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2437 Abstract + ( 710 )   PDF ( 552KB )   ( 442 ) In order to clarify drought resistance of proso millet applied in field production in Shanxi, we identified its drought resistance during the whole growth period and measured nine traits, including plant height, panicle length, stem diameter, panicle weight, grain weight per spike, straw weight per plant, node numbers of main stem, 1000-grain weight and effective panicles, under different treatments. Principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance during the whole growth period and screening the drought index. The results showed that there were correlations among 9 phenotypic traits. The coefficient of variation of panicle weight and straw weight per plant sharply reduced under normal water supply and drought stress. Landrace‘yellow millet’had the strongest drought resistance (D=0.87), integrated drought D value and membership function value of yield had significant correlation (r=0.5159, P<0.05). Panicle weight and straw weight per plant had significant impact on drought resistance and could be taken as comprehensive indexes of drought resistance identification in growth period.

  Transcriptional Analysis of the Root Development Related Genes in Host Rice (Oryza Sativa) Infected with Rice Grassy Stunt Virus Ding Xinlun,Xie Liyan,Pan Xian and Wu Zujian 2014, 30 (36):  120-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1161 Abstract + ( 753 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 582 ) Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) in tropical and subtropical areas can cause large losses in rice production and quality. RGSV-infected rice plants show root disorders and the molecular mechanism is still unclear. The transcript levels of root development related genes OsPHR2, QHB, OsRR1, OsEXPB5, Crl-5 and OsEXPA17 in rice plants infected with RGSV versus control rice plants were determined by using real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. The results showed that RGSV infection led to reducing transcript levels of OsPHR2 and Crl-5 genes and the relative expressions reducing rate of OsPHR2 and Crl-5 genes were 2.18 and 4.86, respectively. RGSV infection did not alter the transcript levels of QHB, OsRR1, OsEXPB5 and OsEXPA17 genes whose relative expression levels were 1/1.49, 1.01, 1.39, 1/1.37, respectively. These data suggested that RGSV could cause root disorders by regulating transcription levels of root development related genes directly or indirectly.

  Biological Characteristics of Bipolaris oryzae from Leersia hexandra Zhang Jianping,Zhou Yongjun,Han Chuan,Lu Yongliang and Yu Liuqing 2014, 30 (36):  124-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1094 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 698KB )   ( 509 ) To understand general growth property of Bipolaris oryzae from Leersia hexandra and provide references for disease control, total 6 isolates were assessed for cultural and biological properties. The experiment results indicated that the mycelium could grow at the wide temperature and pH range of 20-35℃ and pH 5-10 under dark or light conditions. The optimal growth condition for these isolates was 25-30℃, pH 7-8 in the light. The mycelium could utilize various sugar sources. Among 5 sugar sources tested, cultures of B. oryzae in the medium containing glucose and maltose resulted in faster hyphal extension rates. Among nitrogen sources tested, these isolates could grow on the NH4-N, NO3-N (nitrate) and mixture nitrogen medium, and NO3-N (nitrate) was advantageous to hyphal extension. However, urea could completely inhibit mycelia growth.

  Effects of Exogenous Signal Substances on POD, CAT Activity and ROS Content in Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma Seeds During Germination and Haustorium Formation Chen Yuchao,Li Miao,Gong Lei and Song Yuxia 2014, 30 (36):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1295 Abstract + ( 680 )   PDF ( 736KB )   ( 459 ) The seed germination and haustorium formation of Cistanche deserticola were induced by norflurazon and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (2,6-DMBQ) respectively. The effects of them on peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT) activities and reactive oxygen species(ROS) content during seed germination and haustorium formation were studied. The results showed that POD, CAT activities and ROS content significantly increased during 0-168 h treated with norflurazon. POD, CAT activities and ROS content significantly increased during 0-72 h treated with 2,6-DMBQ. The results preliminarily confirmed that the exogenous signal substances, norflurazon and 2,6-DMBQ, effected POD, CAT activities and ROS content of C. deserticola during seed germination and haustorium formation.

  Study of Wheat Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Yield Estimation Model Under Stress of Nitrogen and Wheat Stripe Rust Zhang Yuping and Ma Zhanhong 2014, 30 (36):  133-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2637 Abstract + ( 594 )   PDF ( 577KB )   ( 437 ) Remote sensing (RS) is a good tool to estimate wheat yield. In order to get wheat yield estimation model under different nitrogen and wheat stripe rust levels, this paper analyzed the correlation relationship between vegetation index, the first derivative and the wheat leaf nitrogen content, wheat stripe rust disease index(DI), yield components and wheat yield respectively, using regression statistics method to choose high correlation factors to estimate wheat yield. The results showed that the yield estimation model in filling stage used respectively the vegetation index of green red ratio (GR) and the sum of green band first derivative, the sum of blue band first derivative had a good estimation result. Yield models estimation accuracy in 2010 could reach 99.87% and 99.98%, in 2011 could reach 97.9% and 95%. This research found that the hyperspectral remote sensing technology had a good yield estimation result under the stress of nitrogen and wheat stripe rust, the research result discussed in this paper was of great significance to study wheat yield estimation models under more stress and cultural practices.

  Studies on the Antioxidance of Purple Sweets Potato in the Edible Oil Wu Xianhui,Ma Tengfei and Guo Juan 2014, 30 (36):  141-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1122 Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 699KB )   ( 572 ) The paper aimed to evaluate the effects of the extracts of purple sweet potato of polyphenols added to the lard, peanut oil and soybean oil and other antioxidants, and analyzed the purple sweet potato extract synergy effect according to the peroxide value (POV). The results showed that: the extracts of purple sweet potato had a good antioxidant effect on lard, peanut oil and soybean oil. With the addition amount?in the range of 0-0.2%, there was a?dose?effect relationship; the best add content was 0.2%. Different antioxidants in lard and peanut oil the antioxidant effect performance: THBQ＞BHT＞Vc＞extract＞citric acid; in soybean oil, the extract of antioxidant effect THBQ＞BHT＞extract＞Vc＞citric acid. Antioxidant effects of Vc and citric acid on purple sweet potato?extract?had a synergistic effect. Besides, it indicated that the scavenging rate between the extract of purple sweet potato and free radical was 94.8%, which was more than that of Vc.

  Gene Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Two-Component Signal Systems czcR2-czcS2 from Cupriavidus 6-5 Shan Shiping,Guo Zhaohui,Zhang Deyuan,Liu Qingshu,Cheng Wei,Huang Jun,Wei Xiaowu,Wang Yushuang,Wu Shandong and Fu Zujiao 2014, 30 (36):  148-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1865 Abstract + ( 1501 )   PDF ( 2571KB )   ( 499 ) In order to elucidate the Cd-resistance mechanism of Cupriavidus 6-5 and reduce the heavy metal pollution more efficiently. The two-component signal transduction system czcR2-czcS2 from high Cd- resistance strain Cupriavidus 6-5 was successfully cloned by homology-based cloning method. Results of DNA sequencing and sequence alignment showed that the identity of the nucleotide sequence of obtained genes czcR2 and czcS2 between Cupriavidus 6-5 and the megaplasmid of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 were from 99% and 98%, respectively. czcR2 and czcS2, adjacent to each other and the same direction of transcription, control other functional gene expression probably as an independent operon. The general characteristics, signal peptide and transmembrane domain of the regulatory gene were predicted by the bioinformatics. The study establish foundation for the development of more thorough research and making of heavy metal pollution control countermeasure, the work has the theory significance and actual application potential.

  Optimization of Spore Culture Conditions for Bacillus megaterium C2 Wang Jiwen,Liu Yingying,Li Guanjie,Liu Li,Zhen Jing,Gong Tao,Yang Wenling,Yue Dandan,Mu Qi and Chen Guocan 2014, 30 (36):  155-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1911 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 722KB )   ( 689 ) The purpose of this study is to improve the forming rate and the quantity of Bacillus megaterium C2 spores. The medial components and cultural conditions of Bacillus megaterium C2 were optimized by single factor and orthogonal tests in shake-flask fermentation. The results showed that the optimal medial components were composed of 1.5% bran, 1.5% soybean meal powder, NaCl 0.5%, 0.02% CaCO3, 0.02% MnSO4·H2O and 0.02% MgS04·7H2O. The optimal culture conditions were at temperature 37℃ with initial pH 7.0 and incubation time 48 h. Under these optimum conditions, ormation rate of Bacillus megaterium C2 achieves 100%. The foundation for the application of Bacillus megaterium as a kind of microbial fertilizer was laid.

  A Review of Biohydrogen Production Sun Lihong and Tao Huchun 2014, 30 (36):  161-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1329 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 520KB )   ( 743 ) As hydrogen combustion process does not produce CO2, hydrogen is called the "energy carrier" and considered as a kind of clean energy, and can easily be applied to the process of the power generation of the fuel cells. This paper mainly introduces the different ways of hydrogen production from biomass, including photolysis of water, photo fermentation, dark fermentation and two phases fermentation, and then the advantages and disadvantages of each method are introduced. In the end, the development direction of the hydrogen production is discussed.

  Research on the Ecosystem Services Value Based on the Land Use Change of Xi’an Zhang Rongzhen,Cao Hui and Chen Xirui 2014, 30 (36):  168-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1730 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 548KB )   ( 547 ) In order to provide basis for establishing reasonable regional land use plan and achieving optimal allocation of land resource use, the author studied the environmental effects of land use change in Xi’an City. The author researched the influence of land use change on ecosystem service value in 1999-2009 in Xi’an based on land use change data of Xi’an in 1999-2009, unit service value standard of terrestrial ecosystem in China, and Costanza calculation method of ecosystem service value. The research showed that ecosystem service value of Xi’an in 1999-2009 increased from 18.945 billion Yuan to 20.849 billion Yuan. The increased 1.904 billion Yuan of ecosystem service value and 10.05% of value change rate showed that land utilization environment in Xi’an was under benign development generally. Of which, ecosystem service value of forest lands increased greatly from 12503.62×106 Yuan in 1999 to 15246.18×106 Yuan in 2009; ecosystem service value of cultivated lands and water areas reduced rapidly, and that of grassplots and under-utilized lands reduced slightly.

  Evaluation of Habitat Suitability and Ecological Capacity of Phragmites australis in Tidal Wetland of Zhimai River Estuary 李秀启, 客涵, 刘峰, 高云芳 and 刘超 2014, 30 (36):  174-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1542 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 2132KB )   ( 394 ) In order to achieve the double purpose of anti-wave mitigation and ecological environment protec?tion, and provide the reference for optimizing the management of artificial coast construction, based on GIS technology, this research selected 13 physical and chemical properties as soil quality index and pollution index which were two aspects influencing factors and established a reed suitability evaluation index system and a eco?logical carrying capacity assessment model. Then the evaluation of habitat suitability and ecological capacity of Phragmites australis in tidal wetland of Zhimai River estuary were conducted. The results showed that, the study area was mainly composed of better and good suitable habitats for Phragmites australis, and the main lim?iting factors were the soil organic matter content, hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus followed by the soil water-soluble salt content and water content. 44.16% of the study area is the better suitable habitat for reed (71.66 hm2) and the ecological carrying capacity of reed is 7154 - 8255.72 g/m2 as 3.02×106 kg reed can be produced annually. And 55.84% of the study area is the good suitable habitat for reed (90.62 hm2) and the ecological carrying capacity of reed is 1287.72 - 7154 g/m2 as 6.98×106 kg reed can be produced annually. Artificial coast around the study area can be built ecologically by the construction and restoration of artificial reed community as the mean reed ecological carrying capacity of the study area being 4771.72 g/m2 and 1.00×107 kg reed can be produced annually.

  Cadmium Accumulation Characteristics and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Suburban Farmland Soils of Tianjin 2014, 30 (36):  182-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1773 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 1370KB )   ( 467 ) In order to explore the accumulation characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of soil cadmium in suburban farmland soils of Tianjin, cadmium contents of 330 soil samples collected from fields in four suburban areas of Tianjin were analyzed. Results showed that, in the four suburban areas, soil cadmium concentration was in the range of 0.07-3.89 mg/kg and was 0.33 mg/kg on average, indicating the soil was in an obvious cadmium accumulation degree. Soil cadmium variation coefficients in all the soil in Beichen area were in the range of 0.24-0.34. At the same time, the cadmium variation coefficients of vegetable field and dry land in Dongli and vegetable field and garden soil in Jinnan were higher than 0.9. Variance analysis showed that there was significant difference in the same land use type of different areas and different land use types of the same area. Hakanson potential ecological hazard index was used to calculate the potential ecological risk of different land use types in the four areas. In all the monitoring point, the results showed that 4% , 36.3% , 16.2%, 15.9% and 7.6% of the sampling points were at the potential risk level of light ecological risk level, medium risk level, strong risk level, very strong risk and extremely high ecological risk, respectively. Active measures should be taken to control and remedy polluted soil in areas above the strong ecological risk level.

  Evaluation of Cultivated Land Fertility in Zhouqu County 张仁陟 2014, 30 (36):  188-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1572 Abstract + ( 720 )   Based on the geographic information system (GIS), the authors used soil distribution map, land utilization map and overlap method of administrative map, combined with the Tell Fay method to identify the affected factors and introduced Analytical Hierarch Program (AHP) and Fuzzy Mathematics Theory (FMT) to synthetically evaluate the farmland fertility and analyze its space distribution for further understanding of the cultivated land fertility conditions in the study area. The results showed that, 15081.28 hm2 farmlands could be divided into four grades, the cultivated land fertility of grade one to four account for 10.12%, 31.52%, 34.08% and 24.28%, respectively. The farmland which belongs to low level (from grade tow to four) was divided into middle and low yield field, and accounted for 89.88% of the total area of the cultivated land. Then, the authors analyzed the different levels of farmland fertility and found out the main limiting factors, in order to confirm the methods and measures of soil improvement and utilization.

  Analysis of the Land Use Structure in Xifeng District, Qingyang City 2014, 30 (36):  193-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1007 Abstract + ( 571 )   PDF ( 585KB )   ( 559 ) Spatial structure of the land use and its dynamic in Xifeng District, Qingyang, Gansu Province was quantitatively analyzed based on the land use changing data from 1997 to 2012. The characteristic of spatial land use structure of Xifeng District was analyzed with Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient based on the land use data with SPSS. The results showed that the land use structure of Xifeng District was more evenly distributed. From the perspective of spatial scales, the spatial distribution of irrigation and transportation land and other construction land were the most uneven. From the perspective of time scale, farmland, forest land, urban and rural construction land, other construction land and unused land were scattered distributed, while, garden, grassland, other agricultural land, irrigation and transportation land were more evenly distributed.

  Analysis on Information Entropy of Land Use Structure Change and Its Driving Forces in Zhuanglang County 2014, 30 (36):  198-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1034 Abstract + ( 647 )   In order to research on the dynamic changes of land use structure and make land use more reasonable and sustainable, this paper supported by the theory of information entropy, equilibrium degree and dominance principle degree, characteristics of land use structure dynamic evolution of Zhuanglang County was analyzed, and driving forces of land use structure change was analyzed by using principal component analysis methods based on the land use change date and economic and social data of Zhuanglang County from 1997 to 2012. The results showed that information entropy of the land use structure in Zhuanglang County had increased first, and then decreased, until eventually and continuously increased during the research period from the year of 1997 to 2012, which indicated that the regional land use system was still in the large degree of development. The percentage of cultivated land, forest land and unused land were the main factors which influenced information entropy changes of land use structure in Zhuanglang. The factors of economic development, population growth, urbanization and industrial structure were the important driving forces of land use structure change in Zhuanglang.

  Detection Method of Soil Nitrogen Content Based on FDR Theory 2014, 30 (36):  204-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1140 Abstract + ( 851 )   PDF ( 763KB )   ( 535 ) The study aims to design a soil nitrogen content sensor based on Frequency Domain Reflectometry, which is one of the theories of soil dielectrics, to provide a novel method for rapid determination of nitrogen content in soil. With two parallel plates as sensitive element, nitrogen soil as dielectric, the experiments were designed to explore the impact of nitrogen content on the dielectric properties of the soil under different soil moisture gradient in the experimental device, and with the aid of the magnetic field effect parallel plate electrodes to detect the nitrogen content in the soil and build the relationship model of the sensor output frequency and soil mass water content and soil nitrogen content. The results indicated that when the soil water content was the same, the output frequency of the sensor with the nitrogen content decreased progressively. The adjust R2 of the model was 0.97 which could demonstrate the validity of the model proposed. On the basis of previous research, by using sophisticated soil moisture sensor based on Standing Wave Ratio, the dielectric content of nitrogen of soil could be indirectly obtained and the soil bulk density could be gained by the drying method, so as to know the accurate moisture content of soil that contained nitrogen, therefore, the soil nitrogen content could be calculated through the model according to the output frequency of the sensor and soil water content.

  Research of Phosphorus in Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing Index System for Peanut in Guangdong 2014, 30 (36):  211-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1412 Abstract + ( 587 )   PDF ( 493KB )   ( 474 ) This paper studied the effects of different fertilizer models on simulation for the 3414 fertilizer experiments, which were conducted from 2008 to 2012 in 30 cities in Guangdong Province. By analyzing the data, the index system of soil available phosphorus abundance of Guangdong peanut were established. The results indicated that, the regression equation index for soil available phosphorus content was y=9.3071lnx+ 57.724 (the correlation coefficients was 0.718); the regression equation of the recommended phosphorus content is y=- 1.047x + 95.606 (the correlation coefficients was - 0.739). According to the mathematical model, the sufficiency and deficiency range of the soil effective phosphorus were divided into 5 levels: <10 mg/ kg, 10- 20 mg/kg, 20- 35 mg/kg, 35- 55 mg/kg, and >55 mg/kg, and the proposed index of supplying phosphorus were 82.5 kg/hm2, 75.0- 82.5 kg/hm2, 60.0- 75.0 kg/hm2, 37.5- 60.0 kg/hm2 and 37.5 kg/hm2, respectively.

  Effect of Fertilization on Soil Nutrition, Enzyme Activities and Plant Growth of Cassava Field 2014, 30 (36):  216-221.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1644 Abstract + ( 826 )   PDF ( 808KB )   ( 529 ) A very important way to increase cassava production is to optimize the amount and proportion of fertilizer. The field experiment was designed using new cassava varieties‘SC7’to explore the effect of fertilization on soil nutrition, soil enzyme activity and plant growth. Results showed that fertilization could promote soil acidification and increase soil pH. The more fertilization applied, the more severe acidification could occur. It could reach the highest value of acidification and soil organic material when organic and compound fertilizer was mixed. Soil nitrogen, phosphorus content and potassium in D fertilizer treatment was the highest, in particular, phosphorus content and potassium was apparently higher than A fertilizer treatment (CK). Fertilization can increased soil urease, phosphatase activity and catalase activity overall, in particular, D fertilizer treatment played more significant role in improving the soil enzyme activity. More organic fertilizer played more effective role in improving soil fertilizer and increasing soil enzyme activities. E fertilizer promoted the plant growth more effective than the application of single organic fertilizer. Then, selection of organic and compound fertilizer can both keep the soil fertility and promote the growth of cassava to achieve high yield.

  The Research Progress of Soil Polysaccharide 杨坤 and 于季红 2014, 30 (36):  222-225.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1160 Abstract + ( 692 )   PDF ( 442KB )   ( 947 ) Soil polysaccharide is the main form of the carbohydrates in the soil, it is one of the most important organic cementing materials. From the source, composition, content and distribution of soil polysaccharide, the chemical structure of soil polysaccharide, the stability of soil polysaccharide, the role of soil polysaccharide on soil structure formation and the meaning of soil fertility and so on were studied. Soil polysaccharide of extrac?tion and determination methods, physical and chemical properties, soil aggregate and micro aggregate forma?tion and the modified mechanism of the role of soil structure remains to be further in-depth study.

  Experimental Study of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Soil Irrigated by Sewage Treatment Plant Reclaimed Water 2014, 30 (36):  226-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1533 Abstract + ( 680 )   PDF ( 944KB )   ( 540 ) Reclaimed water irrigation is one of the potential ways of solving the shortage of water resources, the pollution risk on migration behavior of heavy metals in the soil which are irrigated by reclaimed water and the related soil surface are still short of research. Through the experimental study of different kinds of water irrigation methods on vegetable, it can be concluded that comparing with sewage irrigation and tap water irrigation, reclaimed water irrigation not only avoids the pollution of the soil but also saves the cost of water resources, and even provides a large number of growth elements for vegetables. The results showed that, after leaching by reclaimed water for 60 days, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu from reclaimed water were enriched in soil to a certain degree, but with the leaching time extending, concentrations of the heavy metal remained stable. The variation of heavy metal content in soil irrigated by reclaimed water was small in vertical depth, basically showed a level trend. According to the soil environment quality standard (GB15618-1995), soil after irrigated by reclaimed water did not exceed the standard, better than soil quality standard of planting vegetables.

  The Studies on the Effects of Planting of Different Field Crops on the Soil Erosion and Water Loss LUO Xing-LU, 樊吴静 and 杨鑫 2014, 30 (36):  232-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1704 Abstract + ( 645 )   PDF ( 648KB )   ( 423 ) The effects of farming of the sugarcane, cassava, maize planting on the soil erosion and water loss were studied in this test to investigate the impacts of planting of different field crops on the water and soil loss. The results showed that the amounts of the water, soil and soil nutrient loss were significantly different of different field crops, and ranked as follows: maize>cassava>sugarcane. Compared with cassava, the maize’s losses of water, soil, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in soil increased by 15.00%, 30.44%, 35.53%, 34.73%, 31.84%, 34.80%, respectively; and compared with sugarcane, the cassava’s losses of water, soil, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in soil increased by 41.60% , 39.66%, 46.86%,41.57%, 54.75%, 41.89%, respectively. Thus, there were significant differences in the effects of different kinds of cultivated crops and the management process on the soil erosion. The farmland soil and water erosion amount of maize cultivation was the largest, the second was cassava and the third was sugar cane. Appropriate crop rotation, especially in slope upland is not only good for the adjustment of soil fertility but also for the conservation of soil and water.

  Effects of Different Land Use on Soil and Water Erosion in Alpine Areas 2014, 30 (36):  237-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1732 Abstract + ( 871 )   PDF ( 572KB )   ( 532 ) The research was conducted in Jinjiang River Valley, in the Eastern Qilian Mountains on the edge of the Tibetan Plateau. With fixed observation of different land uses patterns and chemical properties of soil and water erosion situation, the research analyzed soil erosion features under different land use patterns and discussed the influence of soil and water erosion in alpine areas under different land use patterns. The results showed that because uneven distribution of rainfall in the study area, there were significant differences in runoff volume and the amount of sediment (P <0.05). The runoff volume order was: slop cropland (4199.9 mL)＞ naturally restored abandoned cropland (3614.28 mL)＞natural grassland (1190.3 mL). Sediment loss from high to low was: slop cropland (0.329 t/hm2) ＞naturally restored abandoned cropland (0.256 t/hm2) ＞natural grassland (0.087 t/hm2). Soil erosion was more serious in slop cropland and naturally restored abandoned cropland. Natural grassland updating in the natural environment under the comprehensive factors was good for preventing soil erosion and had better water conservation effect.

  Analysis of Eutrophication of Wu River Wetlands 王锦秀, 曹文涛, 林秋华, 唐岭田 and 邱继彩 2014, 30 (36):  242-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1733 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 525KB )   ( 505 ) The authors had a field trip to wetlands of Wu River in Linyi, Shandong Province, collected samples to determine and analyze water quality indexes, such as N, P, COD and BOD. The experimental results showed that the constructed wetlands could remove 55% of TN, 76% of COD and 70% of BOD, but only had a low removal rate of P. The average concentration of TN and TP of eight sample points were 26.55 and 0.125 mg/L, respectively. According to the standard of eutrophication degree analysis (Thomas), the TP and TN of Wu River wetlands are in the rich degree of eutrophication level. Therefore, the eutrophication degree of constructed wetlands of Wu River is high overall, indicating that wastewater treatment does not develop well.

  Variation Characteristics of Drought-wet Condition in Shihezi Agricultural Reclamation Area Based on CI 2014, 30 (36):  247-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1051 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 1582KB )   ( 577 ) In order to study variation of drought-wet condition in Shihezi Region, and based on daily precipitation, mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed data of 5 stations in Shihezi Region from 1954 to 2012, the change trend, the abrupt characteristic and the period of inter-annual, decadal, seasonal and monthly CI were characterized by using trend analysis, Mann-Kendall and wavelet analysis method. The results were as follow: (1) the decadal and inter-annual CI of Shihezi Region presented increasing trend, with the rate of 0.08/10 a, 0.05/10 a, 0.08/10 a, 0.09/10 a and 0.11/10 a, respectively. The frequency of drought events during the 60s and 70s were more than the period from 80s to 2012. (2) The inter-annual CI of autumn, winter had abrupt change, whereas in spring and summer, it had no abrupt change. The significant period exited in the CI of four seasons, but not happened in the inter-annual CI.

  Research Advances of Plant Reproductive Strategy Response to Rainfall Pattern 韩相奎 2014, 30 (36):  253-256.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1623 Abstract + ( 651 )   PDF ( 434KB )   ( 582 ) Plant growth and reproduction are both affected by the rainfall pattern. The changes in rainfall pattern have important effects on plant reproduction. The author summarized the important effects of rainfall pattern on reproductive phenology, reproductive allocation and seed yield as well as seed traits, and discussed existing problems and future study directions for further development of plant reproductive strategy. The research fills up the blanks in this field.

  First Frost Characteristics and Forecast Technical Index of Liaoning Province Lu Zhongyan,Han Jiangwen,Li Ping,Jia Xuxuan,Li Shuang and Shen Yumin 2014, 30 (36):  257-263.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1624 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 1427KB )   ( 581 ) The study selected the beginning date of ground minimum temperature less than or equal to 0℃as first frost date in autumn of Liaoning province and used first frost date data of 14 stations from 1961 to 2010, to analyze first frost temporal and spatial distribution. The results showed that since mid-late September, first frost occurred from the northwest, northeast to the south of Liaoning, the date of first frost appeared earlier in mountain area than in plain region, came later in coastal area and finally to Dalian area. Along with the time change, the trend of the first frost occurrence date was postponed. Based on the weather chart, the paper discussed the first frost circulation characteristics 24 hours before the frost occurrence, summarized the first frost forecast index, standardized forecast process and provided reference for the real-time forecast

  Sunshine Luxi Plains Distribution in Time and Space in 1961-2012 2014, 30 (36):  264-270.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1749 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 966KB )   ( 511 ) In order to adapt to agricultural production restructure and guide agricultural production in Liaocheng, and give a full play of its agricultural advantage, the author studied the temporal and spatial sunshine variations in the past 52 years. Climate trend rate, the trend coefficient method and GIS technology were used to clarify the temporal and spatial characteristics of shine of Luxi plains. Based on data of sunshine hours in 1961-2012 of eight counties in Liaocheng, the author constructed time series data set of the number of daily sunshine on monthly, quarterly and yearly basis, and analyzed their variation trend and spatial distribution characteristics. The results showed that: the annual hours of sunshine and the seasonal hours of sunshine of Luxi Plains both had a decreasing trend, sunshine hours of each month had a slight increase only in April and a significant decreasing trend in the rest of the months. Among the counties (cities, districts), sunshine hours in the center of Liaocheng reduced obviously, followed by Chiping in the east, Guanxian in the west and Gaotang in the northeast, while Linqing in the northwest and Shenxian in the southwest had the minimum decreasing rate. Annual monthly average sunshine time curve showed a single peak, the peak appeared in May, the least was December. Annual monthly average shine hours were the maximum in Gaotang and gradually reduced to the southwest, and were the minimum in Shenxian in spring, summer and autumn, and in Yanggu in winter. Average annual sunshine hours were the maximum in Gaotang and the minimum in Shenxian. The results could provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization of agricultural climate resources and the construction of ecological agriculture.

  Study on Future Climate Change and Its Impact on Growth Period and Yield of Wheat in Weifang 2014, 30 (36):  271-274.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1154 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 515KB )   ( 499 ) In order to study the trend of climate change in the future in Weifang, and analyze the impact of climate change on the local wheat production, the air temperature and precipitation in Weifang from 2021 to 2050 were simulated by using the regional climate model PRECIS. And then put the meteorological data into the crop model to simulate the growth of wheat under climate change conditions in the future. The results showed that there would be a trend of rising temperature and increasing precipitation in Weifang in the future. Climate warming would result in growth period of wheat to be ahead of schedule and yield reduction. If taking into account the effect of CO2, the yield of wheat would increase.

  Variation Characteristics of Surface Ground Temperature of Liaoning in Spring 2014, 30 (36):  275-280.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2174 Abstract + ( 665 )   PDF ( 660KB )   ( 464 ) In order to reveal the relationship between the ground temperature and the other meteorological factors and summarized the variation of the ground temperature in spring, as a case study, the variation trend of ground temperature and its influencing meteorological factors are analyzed based on the data of daily mean ground temperature at 0-10 cm soil depths, mean air temperature, sunshine hours, solar radiation, average wind speed, vapor pressure, relative humidity and precipitation in Liaoning weather station from March to May in 1981-2010. The analysis was conducted with modern statistical diagnostic methods including the linear trend analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that the difference between ground temperature and air temperature became smaller with the increase of the soil depth. The difference between ground temperature and air temperature in the central of Liaoning was relatively small. The result indicated: ground temperature in the west of Liaoning > ground temperature in the east of Liaoning > air temperature in Liaoning. There was a significant positive correlation between ground temperature and 8 kinds of meteorological factors. We should fully consider the influence of all these meteorological elements and landform and physiognomy features in spring ground temperature forecast.

  The Analysis of Climate Variation and Correlation of Summer Heat Arid in Lishui 王伟平, 苏丽红, 余文娟 and 彭哲文 2014, 30 (36):  281-287.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1737 Abstract + ( 694 )   PDF ( 669KB )   ( 531 ) Based on the meteorological observation data such as daily temperature, precipitation and so on from Lishui meteorological stations in summer (from July to August) during 1953 to 2013, according to the classification of high temperature and drought, the high temperature drought was added up, and the methods such as multi-scale analysis, Mann-Kendall test and correlation and so on were used to analyze the climatic trends, mutation and correlation of summer heat drought. The results showed that: summer high temperature is proportional to high temperature strength, longer the high temperature last, the higher the temperature accordingly. It is the most obvious in the early 21st century (July was the most significant). Light and middle drought mainly composed of summer drought, which was most obviously in 60s to 90s. It showed drought happen in the lowest probability in June and in maximum intensity in July and in highest probability in August. Temperature and precipitation were mutated in about 2003, and the two displayed a significant negative correlation. The July high temperature was the most important impact factor to drought.

  Analysis of Carbon Emissions and Carbon Intensity of Main Input Factors of Crop Production in Qingdao City 2014, 30 (36):  288-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1782 Abstract + ( 667 )   PDF ( 794KB )   ( 513 ) Abstract: The carbon footprint of crop production is an important component of total carbon footprint, and the study of sources and intensity of carbon emissions is essential to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the main input factors and their coefficients for carbon emissions, the carbon emissions and carbon intensity of crop production were calculated over 1995-2012 in Qingdao City. The results indicated that: (1) in total, carbon emissions of crop production tended to reduce; however, there were 2 different periods, i. e, the relative stable period of 1995-2007 and the yearly reducing period of 2008-2012; (2) based on the proportions of the main input factors’ contributions for carbon emissions , the largest proportion was N fertilize that was up to 43.31%, while based on relative increasing rate of carbon emissions from 1995 to 2012, the fastest was plastic film that was up to 85.51%; (3) changes in carbon intensity indicated that increase of output and yield could be obtained through the way of reasonable combination and efficient utilization of main input factors without increasing carbon emissions.

  Mechanized Farming in Cropland and the Growth of Sugar Beet 2014, 30 (36):  295-298.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1332 Abstract + ( 606 )   PDF ( 446KB )   ( 469 ) In recent years, with the rapid increase of agricultural mechanization level, the soil compaction prob?lem is becoming increasingly prominent. Through the analysis of mechanized farming on soil bulk density, firm?ness, porosity, surface water infiltration, soil moisture content and other characteristics, soil structure change caused by mechanized farming were explained, as well as sugar beet growing and production of sugar beet. While promoting the development of agricultural mechanization，mechanized farming’s negative effects should be seriously considered, the practical measures should be taken to improve soil compaction and ensure the sus?tainable production of sugar beet.

  Screening of Leading Crops in Shiyang River Basin 2014, 30 (36):  299-303.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1042 Abstract + ( 583 )   PDF ( 492KB )   ( 578 ) The objective of this study was to adapt crop planting to water and soil resources in the new period. Take the crops in Shiyang river basin as objects, and the water and soil resources in the basin as constraints, the author established a leading crop screening model to screen the leading crops of Shiyang River Basin. The results could provide reference for the adjustment of planting structure and watershed management.

  Discriminating the Quality of Frozen Stored Strawberries by Electronic Nose 2014, 30 (36):  304-309.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1862 Abstract + ( 743 )   PDF ( 977KB )   ( 506 ) In this study, an electronic nose (PEN3) from Airsense Company of Germany was used for studying strawberry samples frozen stored over different time. Through the analysis of the sensor response PCA and LDA methods, we can distinguish strawberry samples of the different frozen storage time. When LDA method was used, for strawberry samples frozen stored from 10, 30, 90 days, the changing of aromatic rate was not signifi?cant. Between 90 days to 150 days, the changing of aromatic rate was significant, which correlated with the ex?tension of frozen storage time and the decrease of fruit aroma ingredients, resulting in a sharp decline in the quality. In addition, using Loadings analysis methods proved that sensors W1W, W6S and W2S were the most effective ones in distinguishing the contribution rate of strawberry samples under different frozen storage time, followed by the sensors W5S and W2W. The above experiments indicated that the strawberry fruit volatiles could be used as a useful symbol of different freezen storage time.

  Determination of Metribuzin Residues in Corn with On-line Preconcentration by Molecular Imprinting Technique 2014, 30 (36):  310-314.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2359 Abstract + ( 614 )   PDF ( 494KB )   ( 523 ) For better resolution, enrichment and determinaiton of metribuzin residues in corn, a molecularly imprinted polymer with metribuzin as a template molecule synthesized by in situ polymerization was used as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the on-line preconcentration and analysis of metribuzin residues in corn by liquid chromatography. The results showed that the molecularly imprinted polymer had significant molecularly imprinting effect and had high affinity and selectivity for metribuzin in water-containing system. Good linearity was obtained for metribuzin at the concentration of 0.01-0.50μg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The detection limit (S/N=3) of the method for metribuzin was 1.8×10- 3μg/mL, the recoveries of metribuzin in corn at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg were 80.9%- 94.5% and the relative standard deviations were less than 5.98%. The pretreatment procedure was simplified and the sensitivity was enhanced by using the method. The method was sensitive, reproducible, reliable, timesaving and no matrix interference. It could be used on the determination of metribuzin residues in corn.

  Biological Assets’ Information Disclosure in China：Empirical Analysis Based on Agriculture Listed Enterprises 2014, 30 (36):  315-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1493 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 498KB )   ( 547 ) CAS5 has been enforced for several years until now, but how was it carried out and has the problem realized early been paid attention to or solved is what we cared about. For this reason, the article established a set of index system of information disclosure normative for biological assets, and selected 25 periodical reports from agricultural listed companies. Finally, we got the average of different indexes and normative index for all corporations. What we found was that there were some shortage compared to what CAS5 specified，especially in the number of disclosure for biological assets. There are some suggestions for agricultural companies: (1) disclose the number of biological assets scientifically; (2)disclose each item that should be disclosed in accordance with the standards requirement strictly; (3)improve the quality of accounting personnel.