Abstract: The research was conducted in Jinjiang River Valley, in the Eastern Qilian Mountains on the edge of the Tibetan Plateau. With fixed observation of different land uses patterns and chemical properties of soil and water erosion situation, the research analyzed soil erosion features under different land use patterns and discussed the influence of soil and water erosion in alpine areas under different land use patterns. The results showed that because uneven distribution of rainfall in the study area, there were significant differences in runoff volume and the amount of sediment (P <0.05). The runoff volume order was: slop cropland (4199.9 mL)＞ naturally restored abandoned cropland (3614.28 mL)＞natural grassland (1190.3 mL). Sediment loss from high to low was: slop cropland (0.329 t/hm2) ＞naturally restored abandoned cropland (0.256 t/hm2) ＞natural grassland (0.087 t/hm2). Soil erosion was more serious in slop cropland and naturally restored abandoned cropland. Natural grassland updating in the natural environment under the comprehensive factors was good for preventing soil erosion and had better water conservation effect.