Abstract: The main components of Syringa vulgaris were studied and the volatile components of different Syringa vulgaris were compared. The chemical constituents and relative contents of fragrance released from fresh flowers of 5 Syringa vulgaris were analyzed by means of head solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that 49 compounds were identified in ‘Wedgewood Blue’, 41 compounds were identified in ‘Arch Mckean’, 49 compounds were identified in ‘Sensation’，ene terpenoids were their main aromatic components. 40 compounds were identified in ‘Charles Joly’, 46 compounds were identified in ‘Krasavitsa Moskvy’, ene terpenoids and aromatic hydrocarbons were their main aromatic components. ‘Wedgewood Blue’ and ‘Charles Joly’,‘Arch Mckean’and ‘Sensation’, ‘Krasavitsa Moskvy’ were divided into three different types, and infer ene terpenoids were the main aromatic components of Syringa vulgaris