Abstract: In order to explore productive and efficient cultivation techniques of the new rapeseed variety (Combination) 98P37-21, the effects of different seeding amount and transplanting densities on the rapeseed development, main economic traits, yield and yield components were studied, the benefit of direct sowing rapeseed and transplanting rapeseed were also compared. The results showed that: within 4.5-7.5 kg/hm² seeding amount (27.3×10⁴-38.7×10⁴ plants per hm² densities), the yield of rapeseed increased firstly and then decreased with seeding amount improved; within 9.0×10⁴-15.0×10⁴ plants per hm² transplanting densities, the yield of rapeseed increased with transplanting densities improved; the yields of direct sowing rapeseed with 6.0 kg/hm² and transplanting rapeseed with 15.0×10⁴ plants per hm² treatment were the highest, but the production advantage of high density was not obvious and was unfavorable to high yield, showed that too high density might even reduce production. As the seeding amount or transplanting densities increased, total leaf numbers of main stem, numbers of green leaves crown diameter, leaf area, numbers of branch, numbers of pods per plant, numbers of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, weight of shoot per plant, plant yield all decreased, but plant height, location of branches on the stem rose and LAI also increased. Compared with sowing rapeseed, the main economic traits of transplanting rapeseed were superior, the yield and output value of sowing rapeseed were significantly lower, but sowing rapeseed save labors and reduce investments, the net benefit was significantly higher, which was 1735.7 yuan per hm² more than transplanting rapeseed.