Abstract: In order to provide a theoretical basis for the solution of continuous cropping obstacles of greenhouse pepper, the effects of BYM on growth, yield and quality of greenhouse pepper and its rhizosphere microbial community and soil enzyme activities were investigated. The results showed that the changes of microbial community and enzyme activity in greenhouse soil increased with the increase of BYM concentration. Compares with the control, 2% concentration of BYM were the most significant treatment. The 2% concentration of BYM treatment increased the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes by 1.6% and 8.8% which were 1.6×106 cfu/g and 9.5×103 cfu/g lager than control. The total microbial population increased by 1.6% which was 1.60×106 cfu/g more than control, and B/F value also increased by1.6 times, while fungi number was decreased by 18.5% which was 1.60×104 cfu/g less than control. Meanwhile, the effects of BYM on soil enzyme activities consistented to the trend of soil microbial changes. The 2% concentration of BYM treatment promoted the activity of urease, phosphatese, sucrase and catalase in soil by 74.0%,76.2%,49.6% and 32.1%, which were 2.68 mg/g(NH3-N),1.85 mg/g(Phenol),5.25 mg/g(Glucose) and 6.42 mL/g(KMnO4) respectively. Moreover, BYM reduced cellulose content, and raised capsaicin, Vc, soluble sugar and soluble protein content as well as yield of red pepper. Specially, the 2% concentration of BYM worked best. Therefore, BYM treatments were favor for the improvement of the rhizosphere microbial community structure of greenhouse pepper, increased soil beneficial microbe quantity and enzyme activity, and promoted the growth, improved quality and production of red pepper.