Abstract: Holcocerus arenicola is a boring pest of Salix psammophila, which seriously affects the growth of S.psammophila. In order to effectively control the insect damage characteristics and spatial distribution of H. arenicola larvae population on S. psammophila were analyzed by using biostatistics and geostatistics methods. The results of biostatistics analysis showed that the larvae of H. arenicola distributed on the roots, 91.2% of total S. psammophila samples were found to be damaged by more than 5 larvae; and different age groups of pests can harm the same plant at the same time. 78.57% of the larvae population was concentrated in the roots within 10-40 cm underground; the population density of H. arenicola larvae was related to diameter size and distribution of the root. The results of geostatistical analysis showed that H. arenicola larvae followed an aggregation distribution, and aggregation points were distributed in the northeast and southwest area of the sample plot and then spread to other areas.