Abstract: In order to understand consumers’cognition degree and purchase intention of genetically modified foods in Anhui Province, consumers of five cities (Hefei, Wuhu, Xuancheng, Anqing, Fuyang) were investigated by field surveys, questionnaires, on-site lectures and so on. The results showed that consumers in Anhui Province had relatively low cognition degree of genetically modified foods, 24% consumers had never heard of them. But the purchase intention was not low, 33.80% consumers tended to buy genetically modified foods. Finally, some suggestions, such as adopting various approaches with respect to consumers of different groups of age and education, establishing the archives of food production and processing enterprises, carrying out the regional regulatory responsibility, setting up the dynamic regulatory traceability system and the mechanism of risk communication of genetically modified foods, were proposed to strengthen the management of genetically modified foods.