Abstract: With the advance of urbanization, the harm of PM2.5 pollution to human health has caused increasing attention. In order to inform the public more about the PM2.5 damage to human body and draw the attention of related management departments on the haze pollution, Wuhan was taken as the research object. Taking deaths caused by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as PM2.5 pollution health endpoints, health loss and economic loss were assessed using the environmental quality data and public health data of Wuhan City from 2008 to 2013 according to the exposure-response relationship equation and the value of statistics life (VOSL) calculation method. The results showed that since 2008, health loss caused by PM2.5 in Wuhan had an increasing trend. The number of death caused by PM2.5 was 834, accounting for 1.7 % of the deaths in 2008, and the economic loss of Wuhan due to that was nearly 586 million yuan. The number of death caused by PM2.5 was 1858, accounting for 3.7% of the deaths in 2013, and the economic loss of Wuhan due to that was nearly 1.306 billion yuan. From the above results, the control of PM2.5 in Wuhan City was extremely urgent, and the related departments should pay more attention to the loss caused by PM2.5 pollution and take measures to reduce PM2.5.