Abstract: As an important part of low-carbon and organic agriculture, straw-returning has a positive effect about improving soil structure and nutrient content and reducing soil erosion. Straw-returning can increase soil porosity, reduce soil bulk density, and then retain water to preserve soil moisture ability, it can promote crop growth. Through straw-returning, the content of soil organic matter can be increased, the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer can be improved, the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus can be reduced, at the same time, the content of soil phosphorus and total phosphorus can be improved, straw-returning is beneficial to improve agricultural production environment, to ensuring the potential of yield increase. Straw-returning can reduce the number of surface runoff, reduce nutrient runoff away from soil consequently, it is benefit to the soil moisture and the surrounding river systems. There are different experimental study results about N2O gas emissions with straw-returning. However, there are some problems about the implementation of straw-returning, we should study the impact of straw-returning mechanisms, proceed long-term monitoring of experiments, develop the appropriate straw-returning ways, it has a very important significance for the sustained and rapid development of agriculture.