Abstract: Maqu County lies in the southeast of Tibet Plateau, which is one of the main runoff producing areas, water conservation areas and water recharge areas of the whole reaches of the Yellow River, and one of the most important biodiversity protection areas in the world. However, since the 60 s and 70 s of the 20 century, the ecological environment problems such as surface water decrease, groundwater level depression, vegetation deterioration and soil erosion, especially grassland desertification, have become more and more serious, which have drawn wide attention from worldwide. The authors collected literatures both at home and abroad, revealed the influence of biotic factors on the alpine grassland desertification in Maqu based on summary and analysis, discussed the serious consequences of esertification, and proposed efficient paths and countermeasures of governance, sustainable utilization and protection, which could provide reference for further study and effective governance of the alpine grassland desertification.