Abstract: In order to study the impact of river channel change on the wetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin, soil and vegetation in 5 main streams of Qinghai Lake Basin were investigated. Combined with hydrological and Gymnocypris przewalskii monitoring data, river channel change and the characteristics of wetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin were analyzed. The results showed that due to the irrational exploitation of water and soil resources, the wetland ecosystem was facing unprecedented challenges and pressures in recent years. Especially owing to soil erosion in the upper reaches, terrace gully erosion and river banks collapse in the middle reaches, and the influence of downstream water diversion irrigation project, the rivers became blocked, river diversion or drying-up happened occasionally. All of the above interrupted the backtracking channels for Gymnocypris przewalskii to spawning, thus threatened the stability and security of the Qinghai Lake wetland ecological system. The paper put forward some countermeasures for improving the stability and safety of wetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin.