Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.1 Published:28 January 2016

  Effect of GA3 on Seed Germination Characteristic of Wufanshu (Vaccinium bracteatum) 2016, 32 (1):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040155 Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 623KB )   ( 539 ) Wufanshu (Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.) is an excellent rootstock for blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). Under natural condition, Wufanshu seeds have a very low germination rate. To investigate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination, Wufanshu seeds were soaked in solutions containing nine different concentrations of GA3 and distilled water (control) for 24 hours, and then incubated at 25℃ for 24 days. The research showed that the peak of seed germination was from the 12th to the 18th day. More seeds germinated in the GA3-treated groups than in the control group from the 16th to the 24th day. On the 24th day, the highest proportion of germinated seeds (81.33%) was in the 800 mg/LGA3 treatment group (33% higher than that in the control group). The proportion of germinated seeds in the 100-600 mg/L GA3 treatment groups ranged from 73.33% to 76.17%, but was lower in the 50 and 1000 mg/L GA3 treatment groups (63.83% and 67.33%, respectively). The germination potential and indices of the 100-800 mg/L GA3 treatment groups, especially the 800 mg/L GA3 treatment group, were higher than those of the control group. These results showed that an 800 mg/L GA3 soaking treatment for 24 hours strongly promoted Wufanshu seed germination. This method may serve as a reference in the seed propagation of Wufanshu.

  Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Caloric Value in Sawtooth Oak Plantation Yao Jie and Yu Mukui 2016, 32 (1):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050178 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 695KB )   ( 371 ) The nutrient content in forest soil is poor and the operation for oak plantation is extensive in Chuzhou, Anhui Province. The effect of fertilization (compound fertilizer, N:P:K= 15%:15%:15%) on growth, biomass and caloric values of sawtooth oak was evaluated in this study. The experiment included four fertilizer treatments: 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45 kg/tree. The results showed that the tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), ground diameter (GD) and biomass of sawtooth oak increased with the amount of fertilizer. All the maximal values of these variables were obtained in the 0.45 kg/tree treatment, the H, DBH, GD and stem biomass increased by 15.47%, 17.91%, 14.48% and 11.53%, respectively, compared with the control treatment. The dry weight calorific values of stem were significantly lower in fertilization treatments than that in the control treatment, reduced by 1.11% to 2.53% compared with the control treatment. The dry weight calorific values of branches, leaves and bark had no significant difference among different treatments. The energy of aboveground sawtooth oak was also enhanced with the amount of fertilizer. Therefore, using compound fertilizer can significantly improve biomass of sawtooth oak and effectively increase the energy output of woodland in Chuzhou, although fertilization reduces the thermal value of the trunk.

  Effects of Different Ages of Japanese Larix kaempferi Artificial Forest on Litters and Soil Physicochemical Characteristics 2016, 32 (1):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070001 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 609KB )   ( 521 ) The relationship between litter and soil nutrients was an important part in forest ecology research. In this study, Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantations of different ages (respectively 9 a, 12 a, 18 a, 25 a, 30 a) in Xiaolong Mountain were investigated to study the effect of litter fall on soil physicochemical characteristics. The results showed that the annual litter production and accumulation increased with the stand age increase. The production was 2.97- 5.96 t/hm2, and the accumulation was 9.86- 17.71t/hm2, respectively. Litter decomposition increased with the stand age increase. The content of soil organic matter and nitrogen firstly increased and then decreased with the stand age increase. There was no obvious difference in the content of soil phosphorus among different stand ages. Soil pH value and field capacity increased with the stand age increase. Plantation litter fall, standing stock, decomposition rate were negatively correlated with soil bulk density, and positively correlated with soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, K, P, pH value and the field capacity.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of Seedling Toona ciliata from Different Half-sib Families 2016, 32 (1):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060058 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 619KB )   ( 503 ) The study on the photosynthetic characteristics of seedling Toona ciliata from different half-sib families aims to provide a theoretical basis for the selection and cultivation of Toona ciliata families. Taking Toona ciliata from 6 half- sib families of 2- year- old seedlings as test materials, the authors studied the photosynthetic characteristics among the families. The results showed that the diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate presented double peak curves and had the‘midday depression’ phenomenon. The mean value of the daily average net photosynthetic rate was 3.49 μmol/(m2·s), transpiration rate was 2.44 μmol/(m2·s), water use efficiency was 1.43 μmol/(m2·s), light saturation point was 1165 μmol/(m2·s) and light compensation point was 42 μmol/(m2 ·s), CO2 saturation point was 1897 μmol/mol, CO2 compensation point was 104.5 μmol/mol. Comprehensive parameter analysis showed that Toona ciliata was an intolerant tree species, the CO2 utilization range was wide, and No. 1 family was the best among the 6 half-sib families.

  Establishment of a Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation System of Lagerstroemia indica‘Xiaoming 1’ 2016, 32 (1):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100075 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 787KB )   ( 571 ) In order to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system, taking stems with axillary buds of Lagerstroemia indica‘Xiaoming 1’as testing materials, basic medium, concentrations of plant growth regulators, proliferation and rooting stage, and the transplanting method were studied. The results showed that the medium DKW BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L PVP 300 mg/L was suitable for inducing germination of stem auxiliary buds, and the rate of germination was up to 95.56%. The best proliferation medium was DKW BA 1.0 mg/L IBA 0.05 mg/L, and the multiplication coefficient was 5.08 with strong plantlets. The rooting percentage, average root number and length per shoot reached 100%, 6.2 and 4.12 cm, respectively, on the medium 1/2DKW NAA 0.1 mg/L AC 300 mg/L. Taking nutrition pot as container, peat soil and perlite as transplanting medium (3:1 or 2:1), the transplant survival rate was over 95.33%. There were many lateral roots and the plantlets which grew rapidly and vigorously. This method was suitable for tissue culture of L. indica ‘Xiaoming 1’and laid foundations for its large-scaled propagation and large area promotion.

  Research Progress of Source, Chemical Compositions and Application of Wood Vinegar 2016, 32 (1):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070047 Abstract + ( 1611 )   PDF ( 591KB )   ( 1109 ) In order to understand the extract species, chemical composition and the application situation of wood vinegar, and grasp the development tendency and research direction of wood vinegar, this paper summarized the kinds of sources, the difference in chemical compositions and the present application situations in various industries of wood vinegar based on the extensive researches and literature reviews. The results showed that the source distribution of wood vinegar was idespread, and it was easily obtained, meanwhile the cost was low, the trunk, branches, kernel, nuts, corn cob, sawdust and other agriculture and forestry waste could be used to extract wood vinegar liquid; there were different chemical compositions among different species of wood vinegar, but the chemical compositions of the wood vinegar were dominated by acids and phenols, and also contained less and complicated kinds of ketones, esters, aldehydes, alcohols and other compounds; at the same time, the application of wood vinegar was also extensive in the agriculture and forestry, animal husbandry, environment, food, medical treatment and so on. The production and application of wood vinegar was environmentally friendly, and it had no toxic effect on human and animal, and had great development prospects in China.

  Effects of Different Ridge Size on Growth, Development, Yield andQuality of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety ‘CB-1’ 黄一兰,章文水,林建麒 and 张瀛 2016, 32 (1):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080016 Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 542KB )   ( 579 ) In order to investigate the tobacco ridge size standard of mechanization ridging, solve the problems of labor shortage and high cost, improve tobacco leaf quality and increase the output value of flue-cured tobacco production, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of tobacco ridge height on the growth, evelopment, yield and quality of flue- cured tobacco variety‘Cuibi- 1’(CB- 1) in Sanming City, Fujian Province. The ridge height was set as 30, 35 and 40 cm. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of tobacco ridge size, the field growth stage was prolonged; (2) with the increase of tobacco ridge size, the tobacco plant grew slowly at first, then had a vigorous growth; (3) with the increase of tobacco ridge size, the incidence of tobacco mosaic disease and bacterial wilt was effectively reduced; (4) with the increase of tobacco ridge size, tobacco leaves yield increased significantly, but too large tobacco ridge size would lead to the decline of the quality and the output value of tobacco leaf; (5) proper increase of tobacco ridge size could obviously improve the suitability degree of the chemical ingredients’content of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of those chemical ingredients, but too large tobacco ridge size would lead to the decline of the suitability degree of the ingredients and their coordination. Therefore, the tobacco ridge size of 35 cm was the best one for‘CB-1’ flue-cured tobacco leaf production, the variety could be recommended and planted in Sanming tobacco leaf production area of Fujian Province.

  Effects of Different Planting Densities and Fertilizer Methods on Yield of Purple Yam with the Directional-notch Technology 何小平 2016, 32 (1):  39-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070010 Abstract + ( 929 )   PDF ( 594KB )   ( 432 ) A field trial was conducted to improve the level of cultivation and to evaluate the effects of different planting densities and fertilizer methods on yield of purple yam with the directional-notch technology. Purple yam was cultivated in the field experiment which had four planting densities (0.25 m×1.4 m, 0.3 m×1.4 m, 0.35 m×1.4 m, 0.4 m×1.4 m) and two kinds of fertilizations (basal application of conventional bulk blend fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer). The results showed that: the yield of purple yam per plant increased with the increasing of planting density, and the yield was the highest under the planting density of 0.4 m×1.4 m. Conversely, the yield of per unit area was in contrast to the yield per plant, while the planting density of 0.25 m×1.4 m had the highest yield. The fertilization experiment showed that the purple yam yield per plant under the basal application of non- coated slow- release fertilizer was 0.17 kg higher than that under the conventional bulk blend, which meant that the yield was 3779.1 kg higher per hectare. Therefore, the planting density of 0.25 m×1.4 m with slow-release fertilizer was an effective way of planting purple yam.

  Observation on Cytomorphology of Microsporogenesis in Male Sterile Line and Maintainer Line of Allium cepa 2016, 32 (1):  43-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080095 Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 739KB )   ( 584 ) In order to reveal the microspore abortive period of Allium cepa cytoplasmic male sterile lines, the microspore development of Allium cepa cytoplasmic male sterile line 8A and its maintainer line 8B was observed and compared by using paraffin section technology. Paraffin section results showed that there was no obvious difference between the growth and development of the microspore in the Allium cepa cytoplasmic male sterile line 8A and its maintainer line 8B during the sporogenous tissue stage. The anther tapetum of the Allium cepa sterile lines 8A completely separated with middle layer cells in pollen mother cell stage, and gradually expanded and extruded pollen mother cells, and then gradually degraded. The residue of degradation invaded into the anther chamber, and mixed together with microspore and adhered to it, and occupied part of the anther chamber and could not supply the nutrients needed for microspore growth, finally microspore degraded, anthers were abortive. This article makes clear that the microspore abortive period of Allium cepa cytoplasmic male sterile line 8A is in the pollen mother cell stage. Therefore, the pollen mother cell stage should be mainly studied in the sterility mechanism study of Allium cepa cytoplasmic male sterile line 8A.

  Research on the Original Plants of“Fragrant-Flowered Garlic”and Its Corresponding Plants 2016, 32 (1):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050145 Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 604KB )   ( 550 ) In order to make clear the scientific name and the taxonomic features of“fragrant-flowered garlic” and the related plants in the Chinese traditional culture, the historical literatures were settled and the names and features of the plant“fragrant-flowered garlic”and the related plants recorded in the different periods of history were gathered. Methods of plant taxonomic and comparative morphology were used in studying “fragrant-flowered garlic”and those plants related to it. The results showed that Allium tuberosum Rottl. was the scientific name for the original plant of“fragrant-flowered garlic”. At the same time, sixteen names were found in the literatures, four scientific names were made clear for the plants related to“fragrant-flowered garlic”. The research on the plant names related to“fragrant-flowered garlic”was an example of case analysis with an up-to-date method on“fragrant-flowered garlic”recorded in the historical documents. The result showed that the function of“fragrant-flowered garlic”included sacrifice supplies and botanical ingredients. The two functions were confirmed 2000 years ago by the ancient Chinese. The botanical basis of the two functions was the phenological features and the nutrient elements in the plants of“fragrant-flowered garlic”.

  A System of in Vitro Culture of Unfertilized Cabbage Ovary 2016, 32 (1):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070023 Abstract + ( 853 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 360 ) In vitro culture of unfertilized ovary of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is affected by many factors (genotypes, growth period, phytohormones and its concentration, temperature, NaClO concentration for sterilization and treated time). This study aims to analyze the induction rate under various conditions, screen out a technique that can effectively induce unfertilized ovary to be a plant in vitro through single-factor and multiple-factor analysis experiments, and understand the development of unfertilized cabbage ovary in vitro. The results showed that genotype RM had the best induction effect, and the explant was successfully induced when it was in early flowering stage. The suitable media component for callus induction was MS 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L NAA, 28.57% was the highest induction rate of callus and gynogenic embryos. The best and most suitable media component for adventitious bud was MS 0.1 mg/LNAA 0.2 mg/L 6-BA 0.05 mg/L TDZ , the regeneration frequency was up to 57.12%, adventitious buds and embryos could root and develop into complete plants when they were transplanted in the media (1/2MS 0.1 mg/L NAA). The average bud points and bud induction rate were the highest at 33℃ for 24 h, which were 2.85 and 100%, respectively. Treated with NaClO of 2% concentration for 15 min, the average bud points and bud induction rate were the highest, which were 2.93 and 97%, respectively.

  Comparison of Celery Varieties in Winter Greenhouse 沈火林,,张立青 and 2016, 32 (1):  59-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050003 Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 509KB )   ( 493 ) The research is aiming at selecting out a celery variety that’s more suitable for winter greenhouse cultivation in Beijing. The article compared the yields and qualities of 4 different celery varieties growing in winter greenhouse among which two of them were traditional celery varieties‘( Princer’and‘Orleans’) while the other two were hybrid varieties‘( hybrid 145’and‘hybrid 147’). The results showed that the two hybrid varieties showed more advantages either in yields or qualities then the other two. The varieties‘hybrid 145’ and‘hybrid 147’is more suitable for winter greenhouse cultivation in Beijing.

  Relationship Between Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Sterol and Tomato Late Blight Resistance 2016, 32 (1):  64-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080090 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 2200KB )   ( 406 ) One resistant cultivar‘( 25-1’) to tomato late blight and a susceptible cultivar‘( Jingle No.502’) were applied to study the relationship between the level of polyphenols, flavonoids and sterol and the resistance of tomato plants to late blight. Results indicated that: (1) no significant difference of the levels of polyphenols and sterol was observed in the uninfected leaves of the two cultivars involved, but the level of flavonoid in the resistant cultivar‘25-1’was significantly higher that of the susceptible cultivar‘Jingle No.502’; (2) after pathogen inoculation, the level of polyphenols and flavonoids in both cultivars showed a similar rising-down trend, the peak appeared later in‘Jingle No.502’than that in‘25-1’, the level of total sterols presented a downward trend in both cultivars, and the level of total sterols in the susceptible cultivar‘Jingle No.502’ decreased more rapidly with the development of the disease.

  Isolation and Identification of Cucumber Blight Pathogens in Guangdong Area 2016, 32 (1):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070017 Abstract + ( 1602 )   PDF ( 985KB )   ( 572 ) The climatic conditions of high temperature and humidity in southern China contribute to the outbreak of cucumber blight, which is a serious threat to cucumber production. Cucumber blight pathogens from main producing areas of cucumber in Guangdong are isolated and identified to make clear the pathogen(s) of cucumber blight in Guangdong areas, and then, the pathogenicity on different melon vegetables, which is an experimental basis for melon blight disease prevention and control. Eight isolates collected from stems or leaves of infectious different cucumber cultivars planted in cucumber main producing areas of Guangdong were analyzed by morphologic observation and ITS sequence alignment and the results showed these isolates were identified as Phytophthora melonis Katsura. Under artificial inoculation, Phytophthora melonis Katsura identified exhibited certain differences in the pathogenicity on other cucurbits such as Cucurbita maxima, chieh-qua, Benincasa hispida and Luffa cylindrical, among them, Luffa cylindrical showed the highest resistance against Phytophthora melonis Katsura. The results are important for melon blight disease control and and resistance breeding in the future.

  Research and Implementation of Remote Monitoring and Warning System for Frost Damage of North Fruit Tree 2016, 32 (1):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060086 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 2162KB )   ( 534 ) To improve the north fruit freezing frost management level , a monitoring and alarm system was designed and realized based on IOT architecture. Based on the real-time data of the fruit tree environment, together with the research and expert knowledge for years, remote environment information browsing and fruit frost intelligent diagnosis service was provided for the users. To meet the needs under different production conditions, automatic alarm was provided according to user’s demand. To achieve the goal of getting information whenever and wherever, a multiple function platform was developed to provide various applications for users of PC terminal, mobile terminal(such as smart mobile phones, pad computers) based on a variety of network technologies, such as Internet, Android mobile internet,etc. With integration of remote real-time monitoring, data acquisition, network transmission, data analysis and alarm warning functions, the system has realized the comprehensive remote monitoring management for the fruit tree growth and effectively improved the management level of fruit freezing frost.

  Production Cost and Benefit Analysis of Peach in Shandong Province 2016, 32 (1):  88-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060047 Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 601 ) To analyze the changing trend of local cost structure and benefits of peach production, consecutive investigations about costs and benefits of peach production in main producing areas were conducted in Shandong Province from 2011 to 2014. The results showed that labor cost, which accounted for 53% of the total cost, exceeded material cost in peach production. Labor cost and land rent were rising fast and had become the key factors restricting the increase of farmers’income. The yield and price of peach rose steadily, and both the total benefit and net income increased gradually. Finally, the technical measures for saving cost and increasing effect were proposed, such as promoting wide-row close planting model, improving the level of organization in peach production and increasing marketing channels. The study provided important reference for the healthy and sustainable development of peach industry in Shandong Province.

  Principal Component Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Quality of Actinidia eriantha Qu Xueyan,Lang Binbin,Zhong Min,Zhu Bo,Tao Junjie,Huang Chunhui and Xu Xiaobiao 2016, 32 (1):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060025 Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 465KB )   ( 571 ) In order to build fruit quality evaluation system for Actinidia eriantha, we used DPSS software to perform the principal component analysis (PCA) of the quality indexes on A. eriantha, such as soluble sugar, titratable acid, vitamin C, soluble solid and so on. The results showed that the variable coefficient of the fruit had significant difference, and the variable coefficient of soluble sugar was the largest (41.34%). Principal component analysis showed that six quality indicators were integrated into three principal component factors, which could represent 82.629% of the amount of information of A. eriantha fruit quality. Comprehensive evaluation of the results showed that the fruit qualities of the samples No.59, 13, 14, 12, 55, 4, 60, 15, 57, 25, 58 were excellent, and that of the samples No. 41, 45, 53, 34, 20, 21, 22, 32 were poorer. Analyzing the quality of the collected A. eriantha fruits, this study found out three principal components of the comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality of A. eriantha, and revealed the diversity of the fruit quality of different A. eriantha.

  Study on Fruit Development Characteristics and Drop Law of Macadamia in Dry Hot Valley 2016, 32 (1):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060124 Abstract + ( 1045 )   PDF ( 542KB )   ( 368 ) In order to provide theoretical foundation and scientific guidance for Macadamia production in dry hot valley area of Yunnan Province, the fruit growth and drop law of Macadamia nut were studied. 3 Macadamia cultivars‘HASE695’,‘HASE900’and‘Own Choice’were used as materials, and the fruit growth and fruit characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the key period of Macadamia fruit swelling was from mid to late April to mid May, with an increase of 1.38- 1.54 cm in fruit diameter. In Lujiangba dry and hot river valley area, there were 2 peaks of Macadamia fruit dropping. The major cause of the first dropping peak was poor pollination, poor fertilization and fruit rapid growth of malnutrition; the second dropping peak was mainly manifested as premature drop, the fruit droping rates of‘HASE695’,‘HASE900’ and‘Own Choice’in this period were 2.7%, 2.11% and 4.51%, and the Macadamia fruit reached a constant size in this period. In this study, we found that further study on Macadamia fruit retention measures should be mainly aimed at the second fruit dropping peak with the purpose of reducing dorp rate and increasing yield.

  Analysis of Physiological and Biochemical Index for Cold Resistance of Walnut Leaf Under Low-temperature Stress 2016, 32 (1):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070036 Abstract + ( 1310 )   PDF ( 662KB )   ( 493 ) Late spring coldness often cause great loss for Shanxi walnut industry. In order to guide production and provide scientific basis for walnut coldness breeding, the research took relative electric conductivity, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, contents of soluble sugar and MDA on young leaves of Juglans nigra L .and 8 walnut cultivars were measured. Leaf cold resistance of different walnut cultivars would be evaluated by these indexes. Under low temperature, relative electric conductivity of Jinboxiang No.1 had small change and keep less than 0.5 under every treatment; MDA content of Juglans nigra L and Zhongling No.1 maintain a low level; soluble sugar content of Juglans nigra L, Zhonglin No.1 and Xiangling keep at a higher level under every treatments; Under low temperature stress Jinboxiang No.1 and Lipin No.1 had higher SOD activity, Liaohe No.1, Jinboxiang No.6 and Jinboxiang No.1 had higher POD activity, Lipin No.1and Zhonglin No.1 higher CAT activity. Indexes correlation analysis and indexes synthesis analysis of different cultivars also have been done. Combining field survey and indexes analysis, the comprehensive conclusion was leaf cold resistance of Liaohe No.1, Jinboxiang No.6, Black walnut, Lipin No.1 and Xiangling are strong. Principal component analysis could give a more comprehensive conclusion for multi-indexes estimation.

  DNA Fingerprinting of 40 Dimocarpus longan Germplasms by ISSR Markers and Analysis of Genetic Relationship 2016, 32 (1):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080023 Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 814KB )   ( 542 ) To differentiate and identify varieties and types of Dimocarpus longan germplasm, the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) method was applied to assess the genetic variations of 40 Dimocarpus longan varieties including 4 new varieties. From 80 ISSR primers, 11 were employed on 40 samples. Cluster analysis revealed that the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.58 to 0.88, and the 40 varieties could be clustered into 3 groups using a genetic similarity coefficient threshold of 0.64. The 40 varieties could be distinguished completely by 2 ISSR primers (UBC810/UBC818), and digital DNA fingerprint was established accordingly. This study provided an important basis for the identification of new varieties, and the evaluation and utilization of germplasm resources.

  Study on the Relationship Between Leaf Growth Curve and Accumulated Temperature of Phalaenopsis 2016, 32 (1):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070054 Abstract + ( 991 )   PDF ( 622KB )   ( 548 ) In order to study the relationship between the growth rules and the accumulated temperature of Phalaenopsis, paper disk method, correction factor calculation and linear regression analysis were applied to optimize the method of Phalaenopsis leaf area estimation, then the growth rate curve established was analyzed and fitted. Based on that, the relationship between the growth curve and the accumulated temperature of Phalaenopsis was analyzed. The result showed that the growth model between the leaf area (S) and the accumulated temperature (T) was a quadratic functional relationship, S=0.043T2 21.36T 215.60. The growth curves were appropriately fitted with the growth dynamic change during Phalaenopsis vegetative growth period. It is feasible to analyze and fit the growth curve of the Phalaenopsis using the growth models.

  Cloning and sequencing analysis of Sweet Solive chalcone synthase gene 2016, 32 (1):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070012 Abstract + ( 959 )   PDF ( 1038KB )   ( 558 ) The full-length cDNA of chs gene of Osmanthus fragrans was cloned which was related to color formation, the characteristics of the gene sequence and evolution relationships were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for exploring gene function in the form of color. In this study, a full-length cDNA sequence of chs gene was obtained from Osmanthus fragrans by using RT-PCR and RACE. The gene nucleotide and amino acid sequences were analyzed by using NCBI and DNAMAN and a phylogenetic tree was constructed by using DNAMAN software directly, which would help analyze the gene evolutionary relationships among different species. Result showed that: the full-length gene was cloned from Osmanthus fragrans successfully, which was displayed as Osmanthus fragrans chs gene, which was 1383 bp in full length and included 5′URT of 48 bp and 3′ URT of 162 bp, had an open reading frame of 1173 bp encoding a deduced polypeptide of 390 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that this gene had 3 active sites: Cysl64, His303 and Asn336, and 2 decisions substrate specificity of phenylalanine residues: Phe215 and Phe265. Ofchs had 2 characteristics of polypeptide sequence of chs synthase superfamily: RFMMYQQGCFAGGTVLR and GVLFGFGPGL. Blast sequence showed that similarity between Osmanthus fragrans and Olea europaea was up to 95% and was at around 72%-76% with the other dicots. Ofchs gene belonged to chs family, phylogenetic analysis showed that the gene cluster had the distinct species characteristics, Osmanthus fragrans had a near relationship to Labiatae, which was up to 76%, and it was in line with plant taxonomy, and laid the foundation to explore the mechanism of Ofchs in the formation of the color line for the future.

  Quality Comparative Study on Yunnan Manual Broken Black Tea of 3 New Tea Tree Varieties 2016, 32 (1):  125-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070037 Abstract + ( 843 )   PDF ( 497KB )   ( 440 ) To study the influence on the quality of Yunnan manual broken black tea of different tea tree varieties, new provincial tea tree variety ‘Yunchahong 1’, ‘Yunchahong 2’ and ‘Yunkang 12’ were selected as the test objects to contrast to national improved tea tree variety ‘Yunkang 10’, and then made Yunnan manual broken black tea under a same picking and processing standard. Compared the result of the main biochemical components and sensory evaluation. The result showed that 3 tea samples of the new tea tree varieties contained rich and the proportion of biochemical composition was coordinating, to analyze the comprehensive score of five factors on sensory evaluation, two varieties were higher than that of the control group. The comprehensive score from high to low was ‘Yunkang 12’, ‘Yunchahong 2’, ‘Yunkang 10’ and ‘Yunchahong 1’ successively. It concluded that 3 new tea tree varieties could be used as selection variety to processing Yunnan manual broken black tea, especially ‘Yunkang 12’ and ‘Yunchahong 2’ was advisable.

  Research Progress of Cucumber Powery Mildew 2016, 32 (1):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080121 Abstract + ( 1151 )   PDF ( 553KB )   ( 672 ) To provide theoretical for cucumber resistance breeding and disease control, this review provides recent data on the serious harm, biology characteristics, differentiation of pathotypes, host range of P. cubensis, and the inheritance of the resistance to the disease in cucumber, breeding for resistance and control of cucumber downy mildew. Many researchers have made investigation and exploration in differentiation of pathotypes, drug resistance of P. cubensis, identification of resistance against genes in cucumber etc. However, the dispute over differentiation of pathotypes and the inheritance of the resistance still exists, because of lacking standard identification method and highly variable among isolates, and few concerned researches in functional identification of resistance against genes were reported. So there are a lot of subjects which we will study and explore further. This review also summarizes the most important topics for future research.

  Identification of Sunflower Varieties Resistance to Orobanche cumana in Inner Mongolia and Xinjing 陈贵红,,,李剑飞 and 周洪友 2016, 32 (1):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070008 Abstract + ( 1119 )   PDF ( 547KB )   ( 706 ) Orobanche Cumana is an important influence factor in sunflower production . It is very severe in Wulateqianqi, Inner Mongolia and Aletai, Xinjiang. In this study, in natural infested fields we screened the resistance of 56 varieties in Xiniang in 2012, 22 varieties in 2013 and 20 varieties in 2014 in Inner Mongolia. The result showed that among 22 oil sunflower in Xinjiang, 16 showed immune to broomrape (Longkuiza 1, F08-1, LiaofengF53, ChiCY101, S26, MGS, S31 etc. ) , among 34 confection sunflower varieties , JK106 showed immune. In Inner Mongolia among oil sunflower varieties ChiCY102 , F08-1 showed immune , MSG、Xinkuiza5、Chi029×115R、Chi128A×116R highly resistant. Among 18 confection sunflower varieties, JK106 and JK103 were resistant, the others are susceptible or highly susceptible to broomrape. The oil sunflower CY102 was immune to broomrape in 2 place. Through this identification, we found that the race of Orobanche Cumana in Inner Mongolia was higher than that in Xinjiang, and oil sunflower showed more resistant than confection sunflower.

  Sensibility of Thrips hamaiiensis to Different Colors and Hanging Groups Screening of Sticky Cards in the Field 2016, 32 (1):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080094 Abstract + ( 1653 )   PDF ( 573KB )   ( 612 ) To defined the sensibility of Thrips hamaiiensis to different colors and hanging groups of sticky cards in the field, we compared the sensibility of T. hamaiiensis to ten fundamental colors and eight similar colors, investigated the interaction effect among color, hanging height and hanging mode to T. hamaiiensis in the Musa nana planting base. The result showed that in ten fundamental colors, yellow was the most sensitive color of T. hamaiiensis, the next were pink, blue and cyan. T. hamaiiensis was weak sensitive to other six colors. In eight similar colors, orange-yellow was the most sensitive color of T. hamaiiensis, the next were banana-yellow, cadmium-yellow and pure-yellow. T. hamaiiensis was weak sensitive to other four yellow colors. Color, hanging height and hanging mode all significantly effected the trapping effect of sticky cards to T. hamaiiensis, so did the interaction effect among three factors. The appropriate hanging height of banana-yellow, orange-yellow and pure-yellow were all qual-height with the shoulder of bud where the bottom of sticky cards were. And the appropriate hanging height of cadmium-yellow was twenty centimeters above the shoulder of bud where the bottom of sticky card was. But the appropriate hanging mode of four sensitive yellow sticky cards were all used length as the bottom of sticky cards. In the end, the field trapping effect of orange-yellow group sticky card was best in these four sensitive yellow group sticky cards.

  Influence of Temperature on Tea Leafhopper Population in Southern Henan 2016, 32 (1):  146-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080092 Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 520KB )   ( 472 ) In order to study the occurrence regularity and the influence of temperature on the population dynamics of Empoasca onukii, yellow sticky traps were hung in tea plantation to trap Empoasca onukii, and temperature gradients were set up in the laboratory to determine the survival rate. The results showed that the population of adults had two peaks every year in this region, appearing from late June to early August and from early September to late November. Laboratory research showed that a mass mortality of Empoasca onukii appeared under extreme temperature stress in the short term. So the suitable temperature for Empoasca onukii was 16.79-22.78℃. A massive mortality would appear when the average temperature was below 10℃ or above 29℃.

  Coordination Degree Between Cultivated Land Resources and Urbanization in Aksu City 阿迪来.乌甫,阿里木江.卡斯木,玉素甫江BbBb如素力 and 2016, 32 (1):  150-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070131 Abstract + ( 935 )   PDF ( 1120KB )   ( 451 ) In order to understand the contradiction between cultivated land resources and urbanization and provide scientific basis for urbanization process of oasis in arid area, Aksu City in Xinjiang was taken as the study area. Dynamic change of cultivated land resources and urbanization level from 1989 to 2014 were analyzed. Then the correlation and coordination between cultivated land resources and urbanization were analyzed by linear regression model and coordination degree analysis based on socio- economic data and Landsat images obtained from TM, ETM , OLI sensors in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2014. The results showed that: urbanization level of Aksu City showed a fluctuant trend of“increase-decrease-increase”with an average annual increasing rate of 0.36% . The main reason for its rapid increase after 2001 was the boomed development of the second and third industry. The cultivated land area also showed a trend of“increasedecrease- increase”. The main reason for the decrease of cultivated land area in 2004 was that part area of Aksu City was dealt out for the new established Alar City. To meet the demand of socio- economic development, the cultivated land area recovered rapidly after 2007. Urbanization degree and cultivated land area showed a positive correlation from 1989 to 2003, and a negative correlation from 2004 to 2014, and the relationship between them demonstrated an alternation of“basic coordination-incoordination”.

  Research Process of Alpine Meadow Desertification in MaquResearch Process of Alpine Meadow Desertification in Maqu 2016, 32 (1):  158-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070130 Abstract + ( 912 )   PDF ( 1332KB )   ( 504 ) Maqu County lies in the southeast of Tibet Plateau, it is the main runoff producing area, water conservation area and water recharging area of the Yellow River and one of the important biodiversity protection areas in the world. However, since the 60s and 70s of the 20th century, the problems of overland runoff decrease, groundwater recession, vegetation deterioration, meadow degeneration and water and soil erosion increased seriously, especially the problem of meadow desertification. In this paper, the authors introduced the desertification condition in alpine meadow in Maqu, discussed the changing process of desertification and the effect of natural factors on desertification in order to provide the basis for further research.

  Effect of River Channel Change on Wetland Ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin 2016, 32 (1):  166-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100119 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 771KB )   ( 984 ) In order to study the impact of river channel change on the wetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin, soil and vegetation in 5 main streams of Qinghai Lake Basin were investigated. Combined with hydrological and Gymnocypris przewalskii monitoring data, river channel change and the characteristics of wetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin were analyzed. The results showed that due to the irrational exploitation of water and soil resources, the wetland ecosystem was facing unprecedented challenges and pressures in recent years. Especially owing to soil erosion in the upper reaches, terrace gully erosion and river banks collapse in the middle reaches, and the influence of downstream water diversion irrigation project, the rivers became blocked, river diversion or drying-up happened occasionally. All of the above interrupted the backtracking channels for Gymnocypris przewalskii to spawning, thus threatened the stability and security of the Qinghai Lake wetland ecological system. The paper put forward some countermeasures for improving the stability and safety of wetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin.

  Effect of Passivation Agent on Morphology and Stability of Heavy Metals in Cropland Soil 2016, 32 (1):  172-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070042 Abstract + ( 1568 )   PDF ( 500KB )   ( 763 ) Due to its low processing cost, fast effect, simple operation and no harm to crop production, passivation agent has attracted extensive attention. The common types of passivation agent include lime material, carbon material, clay minerals, phosphorus materials, organic fertilizer and so on. The application of passivation agent could change exchangeable state of heavy metals, carbonate bound state, Fe-Mn oxide bound state, organic matter binding state and residue state to reduce bio-availability. Different kinds of passivation agent had different effects on the stability of heavy metals. The passivation agent applied in high contaminated soil might be saturated by pollutants, led to a limited passivation capacity. The passivation effect became weaker with the increase of time. The effect of passivation agent on the stability uration time of heavy metal morphology still need to be studied.

  Analysis of Soil Environment Quality of Fruit Tree Producing Area in Dongying Agricultural High-tech Demonstration District 2016, 32 (1):  178-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070040 Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 530KB )   ( 479 ) In order to inspect soil environment quality in fruit tree producing area in Dongying agricultural high-tech demonstration district and guide the safety and cleaner production of local fruit and vegetable, soil organic matter, pH, bulk density, particle size, salt, available nutrient and heavy metal content were analyzed by sampling survey. The results showed that soil organic matter content was low with the range of 0.61% to 1.01%, K content was high while N and P content were low, which indicating the need for enriching the soil fertility. The pH was higher than 8.25 and the content of salt was between 0.12% and 0.18%, which suggested that this area was of light salinization. The ratio of sand grain was relatively high and the soil belonged to sandy loam. Contents of Cd, Hg, Cu, Pb, Cr and As were lower than the limit value of“Environmental Quality Standard of Green Food”, which could realize safety and cleaner production of fruit.

  Analysis of Wind Disaster and Its Hazard Regionalization in Hebei Province 2016, 32 (1):  183-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070071 Abstract + ( 1051 )   PDF ( 648KB )   ( 604 ) To analyze the wind disaster characteristics and hazard regionalization in Hebei Province, temporalspatial variation of gale frequency, wind disaster degree and risk assessment were studied based on the data from statistical yearbook, wind disaster database and wind speed data from weather stations of Hebei Province in 1983- 2011. The results showed that: there were 2 centers of wind geographic distribution in Hebei Province, which were located in Zhangjiakou Area in northern Hebei Plateau and in Cangzhou Area in coastal areas. The gale had the highest frequency in spring; wind disaster events happened in various regions of Hebei Province, but in light degree, which should be in the charge of county supervision institutions. Using wind disaster risk assessment model with the combination of disaster-inducing factors and hazard bearing body, it showed that there were 14 very severe wind risk areas in Hebei Province. In conclusion, more parameters of the hazard affected body should be added to the risk evaluation or the weight of the affected body ration should be increased.

  Experience and Revelation of Cooperation and Joint of Longping Grains’ Cooperative in Hunan Province 2016, 32 (1):  188-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060105 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 551KB )   ( 496 ) Cooperation and joint of farmers’professional cooperatives has become a new trend in farmers’ cooperatives development, the paper aims to summarize successful experience on how to cooperate and joint with product and industry as a link. By adopting case study, the author investigated and analyzed Longping grains’cooperative. The study found that this cooperative was the rice farmers’professional cooperative, it formed the integration effect of the same industry and similar products, effectively solved the problem in grain production, such as dispersion and low efficiency, gave full play to the unified brand, technical guidance and other advantages, realized the sharing of resources and technology, reduced the cost of farmers production, expanded the distribution channels of agricultural products, and increased farmers’income. Therefore, as a case, the paper summarized the experience of the cooperation and joint, in order to promote cross regional and national cooperation and joint, and improve the relevant laws and regulations constantly.

  Comparative Analysis of Urban and Rural Residents’Consumption Structure in Henan Province 2016, 32 (1):  193-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080129 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 570KB )   ( 925 ) In order to improve the consumption level, changes and differences of consumption structure between urban and rural area in Henan Province were analyzed based on the data of“Henan Statistical Yearbook”from 1993 to 2013. Then static analysis of the consumption structure of urban and rural residents was conducted with the application of ELES model. The results showed that consumption level of urban residents was higher than that of rural residents in Henan Province from 1993 to 2013. The consumption structure of urban residents was better than that of rural residents, and the overall consumption desire of urban residents was stronger than that of rural residents. Affected by income level, food expenditure still occupied an important place in the consumption structure. The income elasticity of demand of rural residents was smaller than that of urban residents, indicating a low consumption level of rural residents. Rural housing became a major consumption item of rural residents, and still belonged to the living type consumption. While consumption of urban residents was concentrated on the transportation and communication, household equipment and miscellaneous goods, which belonged to the developing and enjoying type consumption. Affected by consumer prices, miscellaneous goods expenditure of urban residents and housing expenditure of rural residents exhibited drastic changes. There were some differences in consumption order between urban and rural residents. Therefore, improving the purchase power, guiding purchase intention, optimizing purchase environment could reduce the structure differences between urban and rural residents in Henan Province.

  Compensation Standard of Land Expropriation in Land Market Under Urban-rural Integration 2016, 32 (1):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060146 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 507KB )   ( 670 ) To explore and establish compensation standard of land expropriation in the land market under urban- rural integration, and to perfect the compensation system in China, the problems of the existing compensation system were studied by using literatures and comparative analysis. Composition of total land compensation expenses, including compensation expense for land, compensation expense for ground attachments and green crops on the ground, social security charges and benefit of development right, was built. Then Anyang City was taken as an example to calculate the compensation expense. The results showed that compensation expense of land-lost farmers increased from 120-230 yuan/m2 to 229-769 yuan/m2 using the established method, and it reflected the equivalent trading relationship in the process of land expropriation. The results indicated that using compensation standard of land expropriation in the land market under urbanrural integration could effectively solve the problems of the existing compensation system, and could alleviate the current land conflicts to some extent.