Abstract: In order to understand the contradiction between cultivated land resources and urbanization and provide scientific basis for urbanization process of oasis in arid area, Aksu City in Xinjiang was taken as the study area. Dynamic change of cultivated land resources and urbanization level from 1989 to 2014 were analyzed. Then the correlation and coordination between cultivated land resources and urbanization were analyzed by linear regression model and coordination degree analysis based on socio- economic data and Landsat images obtained from TM, ETM , OLI sensors in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2014. The results showed that: urbanization level of Aksu City showed a fluctuant trend of“increase-decrease-increase”with an average annual increasing rate of 0.36% . The main reason for its rapid increase after 2001 was the boomed development of the second and third industry. The cultivated land area also showed a trend of“increasedecrease- increase”. The main reason for the decrease of cultivated land area in 2004 was that part area of Aksu City was dealt out for the new established Alar City. To meet the demand of socio- economic development, the cultivated land area recovered rapidly after 2007. Urbanization degree and cultivated land area showed a positive correlation from 1989 to 2003, and a negative correlation from 2004 to 2014, and the relationship between them demonstrated an alternation of“basic coordination-incoordination”.