Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.2 Published:28 January 2016

  Bioinformatic Analysis of Toxin Protein Gene hipA from Haemophilus parasuis Che Yongliang,Chen Rujing,Wang Longbai,Wu Xuemin,Liu Yutao,Wang Chenyan and Zhou Lunjiang 2016, 32 (2):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070129 Abstract + ( 1116 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 651 ) The aim of this study was to predict secondary structure and B-cell epitopes of toxin protein HipA of Haemophilus parasuis. The hipA gene sequence was searched from GenBank. By using bioinformatics methods, the physicochemical property, the secondary structure and B-cell epitope of HipA protein were predicted. The results showed that the IP of HipA was 7.23 and the first 50 amino acids was signal peptide. Using the SOPMA method, prediction of the secondary structure of the HipA showed that α-helix, random coils and extended strand were the main structural types of the flexible region in secondary structure, and there was a small amount of β-turn. The HipA protein was supposed to contain 17 potential antigen epitopes. These results provided a theoretical basis for a further study of the toxin protein (HipA) from Haemophilus parasuis.

  Prokaryotic Expression of Bacteriophage Lysin of Riemerella anatipestifer Cheng Longfei,Fu Qiuling,Chen Hongmei,Fu Guanghua,Shi Shaohua,Wan Chunhe and Huang Yu 2016, 32 (2):  5-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070112 Abstract + ( 1119 )   PDF ( 871KB )   ( 564 ) The objective of this test was to make a prokaryotic express of the bacteriophage RAP44 lysin gene of Riemerella anatipestifer. The gene of lyase was amplified by PCR using genomic DNA of bacteriophage RAP44 and inserted into pGEX-6P-1 vector. The constructed recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) to express fusion protein, which was purified by Glutathione-Sepharose 4B. The results showed that expression plasmid pGEX-N was constructed successfully. The soluble recombinant protein about 37 kD was expressed after induced by IPTG. The purified fusion protein was generated in this study, which laid a foundation for the functional study of bacteriophage lysin of Riemerella anatipestifer.

  Effects of Different Treatments on Honeybee Gathering Soybean Pollen Ma Weihua,Shen Jinshan,Wu Wenqing,Song Huailei,Song Zhuoqin,Zhang Xufeng and Shao Youquan 2016, 32 (2):  9-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090050 Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 2346KB )   ( 723 ) To increase the visiting enthusiasm of honeybee to soybean flowers and improve the podding rate of hybrid soybean, hanging brood pheromone, feeding 8-Br-cGMP and soy flower syrup in nest were used to treat bee colony, the control group was feeding syrup (1:1). By gathering pollen, video observation and quantitative real-time PCR, soybean pollen weight percentage, bee percentage of collecting soybean pollen and relative quantitative expression of Amfor and Ammvl mRNA of the three methods were compared. The results showed that the concentration of 400 LEqu brood pheromone and 0.5 mg/L 8-Br-cGMP was selected, and soy flower syrup was used to deal with the colony. The soybean pollen weight percentage of the control group was 3.05%, and that of the three treatments was respectively 10.42%, 8.53% and 5.99%. 400 LEqu and 0.5 mg/L 8-Br-cGMP were significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05). Honeybees proportions on soybean flowers among foraging pollen honeybees of the control group was 55.09%, and those of the three treatments were higher than that. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups and control group (P > 0.05). The three kinds of treatments can improve the visiting enthusiasm of the honeybees to soybean flowers and the number of honeybee who collect the soybean pollen, thus increase the visiting probability on soybean flowers.

  Primary analysis on species distribution，population biology and catches of icefish in Taihu Lake 2016, 32 (2):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070150 Abstract + ( 1397 )   PDF ( 1119KB )   ( 682 ) In order to know the species distribution, population biology and catches of icefish in Taihu Lake, studies were carried out by the survey of six sampling sites in Taihu Lake. The results showed that there were three species of icefish which were Protosalanx hyalocranius, Salangichthys jordani and Salangichthys tangkahkeii, and Salangichthys tangkahkeii had the highest proportion. Spatial distribution of the three species was not uniform. Values of biological measure in winter (December) showed that the average body length of Protosalanx hyalocranius was 102.7-160.8 mm and its average weight was 3.0-15.4 g. The average body length and the average weight of Salangichthys spring stock was 69.3-71.6 mm and 0.9-1.3 g, respectively. And the average body length and the average weight of Salangichthys autumn stock was 30.5-44.2 mm and 0.1-0.2 g, respectively. 62.7%-96% Salangichthys individuals belonged to the spring stock, which indicated that spring stock was the dominant stock of Salangichthys in Taihu Lake. The catches of icefish from 2010 to 2013 were 1185-2052 t with a sharp annual change. The study obtained the latest basic data of icefish in Taihu Lake and provided reference for the conservation and utilization of icefish resources in Taihu Lake.

  Design and Realization of Aquaculture Suitability Evaluation System in Tianjin Hu Jing,Sun Yingze,Ouyang Haiying,Jia Baohong,Lv Xiongjie,Wang Xiaorong and Li Fengju 2016, 32 (2):  20-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070049 Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 4252KB )   ( 638 ) In order to maximize the utilization of regional resources, realize the coordinated and sustainable development of economy and aquaculture industry, the aquaculture suitability evaluation model of Tianjin was established with the Delphi and AHP method, and then aquaculture suitability evaluation system was developed based on IDRISI software. The basic thematic maps and the modeling parameter files of the whole seawater and freshwater of Tianjin, and of Wuqing and Hangu which were the typical aquacultural areas were integrated in the system. There were four core function modules in the system: linear combination map builder module, map reclassification module, map drill-down module and map display module, which allowed the users to customize their own multiple criteria evaluation model based on the raster maps besides the model established by the research. The aquaculture suitability in Tianjin was divided into four grades by systematic calculating: unsuitable, moderately suitable, suitable and very suitable, providing references for plan and management of aquaculture.

  Cloning and Expression Analysis of Promoter of GRAS Transcription Factor from Tamarix hispida 2016, 32 (2):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080006 Abstract + ( 1052 )   PDF ( 1976KB )   ( 910 ) In order to explore the expression characteristics and functions of GRAS transcription factor gene in Tamarix hispida, the promoter sequence of GRAS transcription factor was cloned and its expression patterns were analyzed. The genomic DNA of T. hispida was extracted by using CTAB method. The promoter sequence of GRAS gene was cloned by using the Genome Walking Kit according to the instructions. The 35S promoter sequence of the pCAMBIA1301 expression vector was replaced by the GRAS promoter sequence to construct the fusion expression vectors and drove the expression of GUS gene. Then, the fusion expression vectors were transiently expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and the transformed seedlings were stained by GUS. The 936 bp gene promoter of GRAS transcription factor was cloned from Tamarix hispida. The analysis results by using the PLACE and PlantCARE software suggested that the promoter sequences contained not only the core elements such as CAAT- box and TATA- box, but also some cis- element related to the stress response. The DNA recombinant plasmid PGRAS::GUS was constructed successfully by using the GRAS promoter sequence to replace the 35S promoter sequence of pCAMBIA1301, and was transiently transferred into Arabidopsis. The results of GUS staining showed that the leaves of transformed Arabidopsis were stained while the roots were stained slightly. These results indicated that the GRAS gene promoter sequence had promoter expression activity, and it might play a role in the stress response of T. hispida. The results provided the foundation for a comprehensive analysis of the stress response function and mechanisms of GRAS gene in T. hispida.

  Optimization of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)-Degrading Enzyme Production Condition in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HK1 Song Yaheng,Zhou Yunheng,Li Sujian,Liu Yunke and Wei Yahong 2016, 32 (2):  33-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090011 Abstract + ( 1103 )   PDF ( 2666KB )   ( 755 ) The strain HK1 was isolated from environment, which could degrade polyvinyl alcohol. Using the I2-KI and boric acid staining method, it was proved that HK1 had intracellular and extracellular degrading enzymes, mainly extracellular enzymes. Optimization of culture conditions was carried out through mono-factor and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that: the optimum loading volume, inoculum density and culture temperature was 50 mL/250 mL, 6% and 30℃, respectively. The optimum external carbon source and nitrogen source was PVA and NH4NO3, respectively. The optimal fermentation condition was: PVA 2.5 g/L and NH4NO3 0.6 g/L at pH 7.0. Under the optimal fermentation condition, the production of degrading enzyme of strain HK1 was 225% higher than when it was cultured in former fermentation condition.

  Preservation and Performance of Non-pasteurized Liquid Egg Under Low Temperature Xu Xiaoyu,Xu Yiqing,Zhu Lihua,Wang Xiaocheng and Tong Qigen 2016, 32 (2):  40-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080149 Abstract + ( 1289 )   PDF ( 1860KB )   ( 822 ) In order to improve the performance of liquid egg, reduce the cost of production, liquid eggs were preserved under low temperature (0℃) and by adding preservatives. Then emulsifying property, foaming property and other properties of liquid egg were studied. The results showed that using ε-polylysine hydrochloride and Nisin at the concentration of 0.01% and 0.005% could achieve good preservation effect, which could extend the shelf-life to 13 days with the total number of colonies detected less than one million. Compared with pasteurized liquid egg, foaming property of liquid egg added with preservatives increased by 10%, and foam stability increased by 9.8% with the extension of time. There were only slight differences in emulsifying property and emulsifying stability. The chromaticity difference ΔE of pasteurized liquid egg and fresh egg was 9.8, meaning that the difference was significant, while chromaticity difference ΔE of liquid egg added with preservatives and fresh egg was only 3.6, meaning that the difference was not obvious. Therefore, ε-polylysine hydrochloride and Nisin were corrosion resistant, and the effect was better than that of pasteurized liquid egg to some extent.

  Optimization of Formula and Techniques for Healthcare Wine of Lepidium meyenii andSanguisorba filiformis by Orthogonal Test Xu Tiancai,Zhao Ju,Tan Jingju and Xue Runguang 2016, 32 (2):  45-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070138 Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 876KB )   ( 840 ) The aim was to optimize recipe and extraction techniques for healthcare wine of Lepidium meyenii and Sanguisorba filiformis with orthogonal design, in order to provide theoretical references and technologies for further research on the healthcare wine quality. With Lepidium meyenii, Sanguisorba filiformis, Galium elegans and medlar as test materials, the research determined the proportions of different components by orthogonal design of L16 (45) and took taste of the healthcare wine as an index. With the optimal recipe, the content of polysaccharide from the extracted wine was analyzed to select optimal techniques for the healthcare wine by orthogonal design of L9 (34). The research showed that the taste of the healthcare wine was the best when the optimal recipe included 15 g Lepidium meyenii, 6 g Sanguisorba filiformi, 4 g medlar and 1.5 g Galium elegans. When the optimal technique involving all the components grinded to 80 mu was applied, alcoholic strength of highland barley wine was 55%vol, ultrasonic wave extraction was conducted every 10 days (extraction lasting for 15 min each time), and the extraction duration was 180 d, the healthcare wine of Lepidium meyenii and Sanguisorba filiformis contained 1614 mg/L polysaccharide, 0.12% glucosinolate, and 1.5% protein, which were in consistent with national standards on alcoholic drinks with fruit juice. The research demonstrated that it was feasible and effective to produce healthcare wine of Lepidium meyenii and Sanguisorba filiformis by grinding and extraction method, which had been granted with national patent (No. CN200810233796.X), and polysaccharide and glucosinolate contained in the healthcare wine laid an experimental foundation for quality standard.

  Safety and Quality Control of Fresh Vegetables: A Study Based on Control Operations of 8 Vegetable Suppliers Cheng Li,Li Mengyuan,Lv Rui and Li Shenmeng 2016, 32 (2):  54-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090112 Abstract + ( 1165 )   PDF ( 748KB )   ( 724 ) This study aimed to investigate the effective control methods on vegetable safety and quality of vegetable suppliers. A qualitative study with in-depth interviews with 8 vegetable suppliers was conducted. The results indicated that half of the suppliers in this study used FSMS (Food Safety Management System) including HACCP and GMP to control vegetable safety and quality. However, there were still a few companies who needed to improve their control methods by establishing HACCP system and enforcing standards. Carrying out effective traceability system and taking management control from farmland to dining table is very important to improve safety and quality of fresh vegetables.

  Contact Toxicity of Extracts of Eupatorium adenophorum Against Armyworm Wang Yunmei,Fu Lihui,Huang Xiufen and Luo Xiaoling 2016, 32 (2):  61-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090067 Abstract + ( 1332 )   PDF ( 1490KB )   ( 845 ) In order to explore the effect of active ingredients from Eupatorium adenophorum on agricultural pests, contact toxicity of extracts of Eupatorium adenophorum against armyworm larvae was studied in this paper by dipping method. Then contact toxicity and development inhibition of methanol extracts of Eupatorium adenophorum at different concentrations to armyworm were analyzed. The results showed that there was certain contact toxicity of different concentration extracts from different parts of Eupatorium adenophorum against armyworm. The extract from flowers and leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum using methanol, acetone and petroleum ether as extraction agents had better contact toxicity to armyworm. Contact toxicity was enhanced with the increase of methanol extracts concentration and the increase of time, and LD50 at 24, 48 and 72 h was 15.27, 11.41 and 7.11 mg/mL, respectively.

  Research Progress of Analytical and Detection Methods of Fluorine-containing Pesticides Residues Wang Jianfen,Ding Shuangyang and Wang Xiaolin 2016, 32 (2):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010219 Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 822 ) Because of the special function of fluorine atom for organism, fluorine-containing pesticide has been developed quickly in recent decades. The major classes of fluorine-containing pesticides are pyrethroid, benzoylurea and heterocyclic compounds which include fipronil, chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, etc. In this study, the development of residue analytical methods including extraction, purification and detection techniques of fluorine-containing pesticide was described in detail. The purification techniques included solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, the detection techniques included gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), GC-MS and HPLC-MS. Finally suggestions were put forward from the aspect of animal derived food safety.

  Acute Toxicity of Three Pesticides to Orthetrum Larvae Xu Qihan,Lin Wencai,Zhuang Fayang,Shen Chao and Lin Xinping 2016, 32 (2):  73-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070028 Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 500KB )   ( 615 ) To select efficient and safe pesticides and control dragonfly larvae in fishing ponds, acute toxicity tests of three pesticides (trichlorfon, bifenthrin and clothianidin) to last-stadium larvae of Orthetrum were performed respectively. The results showed that LC50 (96 h) values of trichlorfon, bifenthrin and clothianidin to last-stadium larvae of Orthetrum were 0.2506, 0.0012 and 0.0517 mg a.i./L, respectively. Comparing LC50 (96 h) values of the three pesticides to the last-stadium larvae of Orthetrum, freshwater fishes and the tadpole of Rana grylio, and the aquatic ecological characteristics of the three pesticides, clothianidin was recommended as the suitable pesticide for controlling dragonfly larvae in fishing ponds.

  Germplasm Resources of Giant Spiny Frog Quasipaa spinosa Zhan Zhonggen,Liu Yue,Huang Weisu,Qin Gang,Cheng Hongyi and Zheng Rongquan 2016, 32 (2):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080115 Abstract + ( 1162 )   PDF ( 534KB )   ( 561 ) The giant spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa), distributed in southern China and northern Vietnam, is a threatened species with high commercial and nutritious value. In the paper, from the perspectives of taxonomy and geographical distribution, as well as investigation, collection and protection of germplasm resources of the giant spiny frog, current status of genetic diversity researches on morphology, cytogenetic and molecular genetics of the giant spiny frog were introduced. Meanwhile the physiological and biochemical differences of different germplasms were compared. Then the present situation of germplasm innovation was also expounded. Finally, some suggestions on future researches including wild resources investigation, artificial cultivation standard, germplasm innovation and genomics were put forward.

  Research Advances on Phellodendron chinense Schneid Tang Zongying,Qiao Lu,Ruan Zhenyuan and Bai Bing 2016, 32 (2):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090111 Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 603KB )   ( 703 ) The paper aims to summarize the research status of Phellodendron chinense Schneid, which has high medical value, by means of reviewing nearly 60 years’ relevant researches on chemical content analysis, effective medical ingredient determination, medical ingredient content impact factors, medical ingredient extraction methods, field distribution, cultivation and propagation techniques. Among these researches, effective medical ingredient determination, impact factors and extraction methods have been studied intensively. Much knowledge about the field distribution can be obtained through current literatures which imply that this species distributes in extensive Yangtze River watershed. In the light of the high medical value of Phellodendron chinense Schneid, researches on cultivation and propagation should be emphasized, at the same time, those studies should be launched in future on physiological ecology and life history characters, population dynamics, genetic diversity, etc., so that this species can be understood further from individual to community scale and plants can be cultivated successfully to alleviate wild resources pressure.

  Calculation on Water Resource Value of Zhangye City Based on Fuzzy Mathematic Model Liu Fangfang,Lian Hua,Wang Jianbing and Shang Mingrui 2016, 32 (2):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030040 Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 617KB )   ( 568 ) In order to calculate the water resource price of Zhangye City, the author carried out a field investigation about the quantity of water resources, water price system and the economic situation of Zhangye City. By establishing the fuzzy evaluation model of water resource value in Zhangye City, the author used rise (drop) half trapezoid function to determine the value of water resources for the evaluation of fuzzy linear subordinate relations, selected the water quality, per capita water resources, population density, per capita gross national product (GNP) as evaluation indexes, and conducted the comprehensive evaluation of water resource value of Zhangye City. The results showed that the water resource price was 1.97 yuan/m3 in Zhangye City, the corresponding tap water price for residents should be 2.347 yuan/m3, which was 2.76 times of the current residents’ water price (0.85 yuan/m3). And according to the current water price, annual expenditure on water was 126.74 yuan per person, accounting for 0.88% of per capita disposable income (14395 yuan), far lower than the control index in the model 0.015. Therefore, relevant government departments should accelerate the reform of water price system and re-enact fee collection standards, so as to realize the optimal allocation of water resources.

  Assessment of Water Shortage Risk in Xiangyang City Based on Principal Component Analysis 2016, 32 (2):  92-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080087 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 1120KB )   ( 716 ) To assess the risk of water shortage in Xiangyang City, a water shortage risk assessment index system was constructed using the principal component analysis based on the risk assessment theory. The reason of water shortage, influencing factors and changing tendency were analyzed. The results showed that water shortage risk in Xiangyang was increasingly serious, the urban areas of Xiangyang, Xiangzhou District, Zaoyang City, Yicheng City, Laohekou City were seriously short of water resource, which was consistent with the results obtained from the principal component analysis. Therefore, the method using in this study is feasible and can provide a reliable conclusion.

  Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Sedimental Elements and Quality Assessment of Sediments in Weihai Offshore Artificial Reef Areas Chu Yaoyao,Zhang Yan,Cui Zhengguo and Chen Jufa 2016, 32 (2):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100120 Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 1604KB )   ( 570 ) This study aimed to analyze the contents of sedimental elements in the surface sediments of Weihai offshore artificial reef areas and evaluate the pollution of sediments, thus to provide reference for understanding the quality of sedimentary environment in Weihai offshore area. Based on the investigation of the surface sediments in November of 2011, April, June, August and November of 2012, June and August of 2013, the distribution characteristics of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfide and organic carbon were analyzed. The surface sediments quality was comprehensively analyzed using single factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index. The results revealed that the contents of the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfide and organic carbon were in accordance with the first class standard of the National Standard of Marine Sediment Quality (GB 18668—2002) and had an obviously monthly variation. The analysis of single factor pollution index indicated that the study area was not polluted by sulfide and organic carbon. The analysis of Nemerow pollution index showed that sediment quality in the study area was in accordance with the first class standard, and there was no obvious difference in sediment quality between artificial reef areas and the control areas.

  Evaluation of Land Use Performance of Mountainous Cities:A Case Study of Nanchuan, Chongqing Guo Dongliang,Zhang Anming,Liu Zefang and Guo Huanhuan 2016, 32 (2):  106-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090126 Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 670KB )   ( 558 ) In order to consider the allocation of land resource scientifically and make a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of land use, the authors built the land use performance evaluation index system of mountainous city from three aspects of land natural attributes, land use structure and land use benefits, and the evaluation model was built by the method of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method, Nanchuan District of Chongqing City was taken as an example and obstacle degree analysis was conducted according to the results, the existing problems in land use and suggestions were pointed out. The results showed that (1) the land use performance of Nanchuan City showed a rising trend during 2009 to 2013, intensive land use and land use benefits played important roles, the restraining effect of natural condition on the improving of land use performance increased; the land use in Nanchuan City should pay attention to enhancing the efficiency and benefits of land use, to coordinate the development with environment; (2) land use performance evaluation of mountainous area should consider the general characteristics of urban land use, but the particularity should also be noted, particularly the natural conditions of land.

  Research Advances on Environmental Indicator of Soil Phosphorus in Farmland Gong Juan,Ma Youhua,Hu Hongxiang,Wu Liang,Fu Biyu,Yin Hanxu and Tian Yan 2016, 32 (2):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080141 Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 528KB )   ( 554 ) The paper aims to study the environmental indicators of soil phosphorus in farmland. By summarizing the researches on the environmental indicators of soil phosphorus from 1984 to 2014, it was found that the research on the environmental indicators of soil phosphorus in farmland had a rapid progress even though it started late. Through the researches on the loss pathways and erosion forms of the soil phosphorus in the farmland, it showed that the available phosphorus content in different forms such as water soluble phosphorus and particulate phosphorus in soil had a significant correlation with surface runoff phosphorus content. The phosphorus content of the water body had a high correlation with the content of soil Olsen-P. It was accurate and reliable to regard the soil Olsen-P as the environmental index of soil phosphorus in the farmland. Domestic and foreign research results showed that the Olsen-P environment threshold of the target water body as lake and river was 25 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg, respectively. Exceeding the critical value, the phosphorus content in soil runoff and drainage and fluid leakage would significantly increase, which led to the risk of increasing soil phosphorus loss from farmland into the water. The pollution and eutrophication of water bodies would emerge. However, the research on the environmental indicators of soil phosphorus in the farmland still has many deficiencies. In the future, we need to study the reduction coefficient of the soil phosphorus in the process of loss, as well as the interaction mechanism of the soil phosphorus in farmland through surface runoff and soil erosion.

  Nitrogen Availability of Different Types of Organic Manure Zhou Bo and Zhou Jianbin 2016, 32 (2):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070086 Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 1331KB )   ( 491 ) This paper studied the effectiveness of organic nitrogen in the soil of solar greenhouse, and provided a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization. In a tomato pot experiment, biological depletion method was used to study the nitrogen availability of different kinds of organic manure (four chicken, two pig and three cattle manure samples). The results demonstrated that chicken manure, pig manure and cattle manure could significantly increase tomato biomass and the uptake of nitrogen. The tomato aboveground biomasses increased by 28.63%, 7.75% and 12.28% respectively, and the nitrogen absorption amount increased by 14.06%, 6.61% and 7.48% respectively. The nitrogen utilization rate and the equivalent mineral nitrogen rate of chicken manure was 37.79% and 40.73% respectively, significantly higher than those of pig manure (9.12% and 10.93%) and cattle manure (13.36% and 15.71%). Though the characteristics of different organic manure were different, the nitrogen availability of organic manure was obvious.

  Influence of Carbon Materials from Different Sources on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Condition and Crop Growth in Greenhouse Weng Fujun and Lu Shuchang 2016, 32 (2):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080049 Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 1216KB )   ( 574 ) To improve soil carbon and nitrogen condition in greenhouse, and soil quality in vegetable field were important to raise the yield and quality of vegetables and ensure the sustainable development of vegetable fields. Carbon source materials like natural and artificial woods and artificial herbs were applied to vegetable fields to analyze the influence of C and N control on soil carbon and nitrogen change and the crop growth. The results showed that the promoting effect of organic carbon followed the order of T3＞T2＞T1＞T4 in 0-30 cm soil layer. The total nitrogen content followed the order of T2＞T1＞T3＞T4. The total nitrogen content of the treatment added with carbon source increased by 13.8%-15.9% compared with that of T4. The ratio of C/N followed the order of T3＞T2＞T1＞T4 and the application of carbon source could increase the ratio of C/N, and the ratio increased with the increase of the application amount. These 3 kinds of carbon sources had no significant influence on carbon and nitrogen in deep soil layer. The yield of T2 was the highest, which increased by 11.87% compared with that of CK. T3 promoted the roots growth evidently. The comprehensive quality of the vegetable followed the order of T2＞T3＞T1＞T4. The application of carbon materials could supply soil carbon and regulate the transformation and absorption of soil nitrogen. Furthermore, the unbalance of C and N could be improved, thus to raise the yield and quality of vegetables.

  Study on Phosphorous Sorption and Its Influencing Factors of Red Soil Derived From Different Parent Materials Under Dry-farming Condition Song Chunli 2016, 32 (2):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080072 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 1202KB )   ( 476 ) In order to study the characteristic of phosphorous sorption of red soil derived from different parent materials under dry-farming condition, the author used soil derived from different parent materials as study object and comparatively analyzed the soil phosphorous sorption characteristic under different fertility degrees, and forecasted the phosphorus requirement of red soil. The results showed that both soil parent material and fertility degree had different influence on phosphorus sorption ability. The soil derived from red clay parent material had the strongest ability of phosphorous sorption, high sorption capacity and the weakest ability of phosphorous desorption. Clay particle content was the most important influencing factor on soil phosphorous sorption, and its correlation with all phosphorous adsorption parameters reached highly significant level, the activated alumina also had significant effect on phosphorous sorption, and the content of available phosphorus and pH had a negative correlation with phosphorus sorption. The phosphorus requirement had great difference among different parent materials, and it was significantly higher than the local fertilization level.

  Temporal and Spatial Change of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and Its Cause Analysis in Southwest China During 1960-2013 Zhang Weiwei,Wang Yun and Zhang Guobin 2016, 32 (2):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080157 Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 2117KB )   ( 504 ) Based on the daily temperature, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine hours, total solar radiation and related humidity data of the 108 meteorological stations in southwest China during 1960 to 2013, the authors used the methods of Penman-Monteith model and inverse distance weighted interpolation, to analyze the temporal-spatial variations and the possible influential factors of the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region. The results were as follows: (1) the annual mean value of ET0 was decreasing in fluctuation and the decreasing rate was -4.509 mm/10 a in recent 54 years, ET0 had the most significant reduction in 1990s and the most increase of 12.744 mm in 1970s; from late 1970s to the beginning of the 21st centuries, ET0 decreased significantly; (2) on the seasonal scale, the change trend of ET0 decreased in spring and summer, but increased in autumn and winter; (3) the change trend of the reference crop evapotranspiration had obvious differences in the space, there was an obviously high value center in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and it decreased gradually in the surrounding area; the distribution area of low value was far greater than that of high value, the high value area was located in the Yunnan Plateau-Guangxi Basin and the low value was distributed in Sichuan Basin, Guizhou Plateau, Songpan Plateau and the high altitude area in northwest Yunnan; (4) influencing factors of reference crop evapotranspiration were mainly sunshine hours, wind speed and relative humidity in southwest region, but the main control factor was not the same in all regions.

  Vapor Transport Affecting Summer Precipitation in Shanxi Guo Yuanyuan,Wu Yongli,Dong Chunqing,Zhao Yu and Qiao Yu 2016, 32 (2):  142-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080037 Abstract + ( 1202 )   PDF ( 6182KB )   ( 415 ) Based on the rainfall data of 58 stations in Shanxi Province and the NCEP/NCEP monthly reanalyzed data, vapor transport characteristics of summer precipitation were studied, and the moisture sources and transport critical areas were revealed with SVD method. The results showed that the summer precipitation in Shanxi was connected with the east wind flow from tropical western Pacific to the South China Sea, the cross-equatorial flow in tropical Indian Ocean, the water vapor conveyor from the South China Sea to southern China and the vapor transport in the mid-latitude westerlies. There was a significant tele-correlation between Shanxi summer precipitation and summer moisture transport. The moisture transport sources were located in the monsoon from the tropical western Pacific to the South China Sea, and the cross-equatorial flow area from Indian Ocean to the Arabian Sea. The moisture transport critical area of Shanxi summer precipitation was located in the rectangular area from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to eastern Sichuan Basin. These indexes of moisture transport, constructed by the whole layer vapor transport flux standardization, could demonstrate the effects of water vapor transport on summer precipitation in Shanxi. Results presented in this paper would provide certain reference basis for the analysis and prediction of Shanxi regional precipitation in flood season.

  Variation Characteristics of Heavy Snow Frequency in North China and Its Response to Sea Surface Temperature Chen Kaiqi,Fang Yihe,Zhang Rui,Zhu Xinyu,Zhao Lianwei,Zhang Haina and Wu Qiong 2016, 32 (2):  149-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040110 Abstract + ( 1159 )   PDF ( 3755KB )   ( 457 ) The study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the variation characteristics of the winter heavy snow frequency in north China and the relationship between the winter heavy snow frequency in north China and sea surface temperature, thus to serve winter agricultural facilities. Based on the daily precipitation data of 282 observational stations in north China and NCEP reanalysis data, the winter heavy snow frequency in north China was calculated, the spatial and temporal features of the winter heavy snow frequency were analyzed. Results showed that: during the recent 51 years, the winter heavy snow frequency in north China was descending, and presented an obvious inter-decadal variation characteristic. The first EOF mode of heavy snow frequency presented a consistent variation characteristic in the entire region, the second EOF mode presented “ - ” pattern, the first time coefficients appeared an obvious inter-decadal variation characteristic. The key SST regions of the first EOF mode were respectively the tropical Indian Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean. There was a close relationship between the second EOF mode and El Nino. The key SST regions of the inter-decadal component of the first EOF mode were respectively Oyashio, the tropical Indian Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean. There was a close relationship between the inter-decadal component of the second EOF mode and PDO.

  Spatial-temporal Variation of Heat Resources at Temperature Above 10℃ in Qinling Mountains Under Global Climate Warming 2016, 32 (2):  155-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2074 Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 6817KB )   ( 447 ) Under the background of global warming, studying the spatial-temporal variation of heat resources in Qinling Mountains is of great significance to adjusting agricultural cropping system, optimizing agricultural production distribution, and achieving the sustainable development of agriculture. Based on the daily average temperature data collected from 71 weather stations in Qinling Mountains from 1961 to 2010, methods like climate tendency rate, Mann-kendall, Morelt wavelet analysis and spatial interpolation of ArcGIS were used to analyze the heat resources variation of accumulated temperature, duration days, first day and last day of the daily temperature which was steadily above 10℃ . The results showed that: (1) the duration days and accumulated temperature of the daily temperature above 10℃ in Qinling Mountains steadily increased, the first day was in advance, the last day was delayed; the change rate of the first day in the northern Qinling Mountains was lower than that in the southern Qinling Mountains, while the change rates of the duration days, the last day and the accumulated temperature of the daily temperature above 10℃ in northern Qingling Mountains were higher than that in the southern Qinling Mountains; (2) the abrupt change of the duration days, the accumulated temperature, the first day and the last day of the daily temperature above 10℃ in northern Qinling Mountains appeared in 1995, 2003, 1973 and 2000, the abrupt change of the duration days, the accumulated temperature, the first day and the last day of the daily temperature above 10℃ in southern Qinling Mountains appeared in 2004, 1995, 1974 and 1977; the accumulated temperature above 10℃ in Qinling Mountains presented periodical oscillations of 20-30 years and 7-10 years; (3) in spatial, the accumulated temperature above 10℃ in Qinling Mountains had similar changes and an overall increasing trend.

  Analysis and Countermeasures of Lightning Disaster on a Breeding Farm in Miyun County, Beijing Song Pingjian,Li Jingxiao,Li Rujian,Zhang Yanyong,Shi Jian and Hao Jiwei 2016, 32 (2):  163-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100141 Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 2371KB )   ( 480 ) It is helpful to grasp the approaches and ways of lightning, and understand the regularities of lightning disaster by analyzing the lightning accidents, thus more effective measures can be taken for lightning protection. Firstly, the lightning location data in the area of lightning strike were analyzed according to a lightning disaster on a breeding farm in Xitiangezhuang Town, Miyun County, Beijing on July 1st 2014. According to the rolling ball method, the authors judged whether the breeding farm was in the range of direct lightning protection. Then the step voltage and lightning electrostatic induction voltage at the breeding farm were calculated. The results showed that: the livestock was killed by the lateral flashover and the touch voltage from lightning. The high voltage was inducted by lightning electrostatic in the metal shed. However, the supporting steel structures of metal shed had no grounding so that the releasing channel of the induced charge was not smooth. There was a potential difference between the ground and the metal shed, therefore the lateral flashover happened. In addition, when the livestock was exposed to the steel structure, the high potential released through livestock to the ground. In the end, the corresponding protective measures were put forward to reduce or avoid similar accidents in the future.

  Cloud Service Architecture of Forestry Resource Information in Big Data Environment Hou Ruixia,Sun Wei,Cao Shanshan and Tang Xiaoming 2016, 32 (2):  170-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080106 Abstract + ( 1511 )   PDF ( 8615KB )   ( 573 ) The forest resource information management is facing new opportunities and challenges in the era of big data. It is urgent to probe the architecture design and application of forest resource information service in the intelligent forestry. Based on cloud computing theory and technology, the connotation and characteristics of forestry resource information cloud service were deeply analyzed, and thus the architecture design meta-model of forestry resource information cloud service was proposed by referring to IEEE 1471 2000. Then, the overall structure and the distributed and collaborative deployment pattern of forestry resource information cloud service nodes were designed by applying the layer architecture model and the architecture meta-model. Meanwhile, the forestry resource monitoring service system was carried out in SFA (State Forestry Administration) and Liaoning Province to verify the effectiveness of FRI-CSA (cloud service architecture of forestry resource information). The results showed that the requirements of forestry resource monitoring business in big data environment were fulfilled by the FRI-CSA which had the characteristics of general applicability and replicability to some extent.

  Analysis of Potato Trade and Marketing Strategy in China Liu Yang,Yi Xiaofeng,Luo Qiyou,Gao Mingjie and Zhang Meng 2016, 32 (2):  180-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070088 Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 1504KB )   ( 744 ) Potato trade and marketing had an important role in promoting potato consumption and potato industry. From the perspective of trade and marketing, this paper analyzed the characteristics of China’s potato industry in the new normal and the new situation, and proposed the trade policies and marketing strategies for boosting the healthy development of the potato industry. The results showed that: (1) China was one of the world’s largest potato producing and consuming countries, but only a country with a small international potato trading volume, the main export products were the low-value fresh potato; (2) the base price of China’s potato production was about 0.82 yuan/kg; (3) potato price had the characteristics of high frequency fluctuation and seasonal change; (4) traditional potato marketing, weak awareness of potato nutrient value, and simple consumption pattern restricted the potato consumption; (5) recommendations for promoting the potato trade and consumption included creating a favorable environment for trade, actively exploring the international market, promoting potato consumption and utilization as staple food products.

  Grading Farmland Using GIS: A Case Study of Wujiaqu Reclamation Area Wen Hu,文虎,易正炳,Yi Zhengbing,Wang Xinjun,,Sheng Jiandong and 2016, 32 (2):  186-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080070 Abstract + ( 1233 )   PDF ( 1730KB )   ( 659 ) Agricultural land classification is an important component of land quality evaluation, in order to achieve sustainable land utilization and improve land use efficiency, this paper took farmland in Wujiaqu reclamation area as an example, natural, socio-economic and geographical factors were selected as the grading factors according to “agricultural land grading procedures” by factor analysis method. The factor weight was confirmed by analytic hierarchy process and experts’ recommendations, an appropriate model was used for quantification and GIS software was used to produce the score graph of grading factors, the grading index was calculated by weighted sum method. Farmland in Wujiaqu reclamation area was divided into six classes by grading indexes and practical situation, and then the farmland grading graph was obtained. The farmland quality of Wujiaqu reclamation area was generally good, most belonged to the third, fourth and fifth grade. The limiting factors of high quality farmland were economic and geographical condition, and it was natural condition for the poor quality farmland. The farmland quality levels showed interlaced trend in space. The farmland quality was determined by natural and socio-economic factors, and predominated by natural factor.

  Agricultural ‘Going Global’ and the Construction of Agricultural Park Abroad Wang Qi,Yuan Tong,He Jun and Feng Yong 2016, 32 (2):  193-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090082 Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 632KB )   ( 1728 ) Agricultural “going global” is an important part of the national “going global” strategy, and also an important way to coordinate both international and domestic markets, resources and rules. It provides good external opportunities for transforming agricultural development mode and adjusting agricultural structure. Developing agricultural cooperation park abroad can effectively improve the global resource allocation capability of agribusiness, and is conducive to performing “going global” cluster effect and achieving rapid development. In this paper, development status and characteristics of China’s current agricultural “going global” were analyzed, the construction and development status of agricultural park abroad were summarized, and the future development direction of the agricultural park was discussed. In conclusion, it was of mutual benefit for agricultural “going global” and the construction of agricultural park abroad. The government should actively guide the park to establish an open investment mechanism, enhance the industrial level of enterprises in the park to form industrial chain, effectively promote a cluster development of enterprises in the park to accelerate the process of agricultural “going global” and improve the global resource allocation power and international competitiveness of agricultural enterprises.

  Development of Specialized Farmers’ Cooperatives in Tibet Mo Guanggang and Dong Li 2016, 32 (2):  199-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100101 Abstract + ( 1138 )   PDF ( 531KB )   ( 896 ) In order to further regulate the administration and raise the management level of specialized farmers’ cooperatives, and construct the main body of management to accelerate rapid and sustainable development of agriculture and husbandry in Tibet, based on the present situation and achievement of specialized farmers’ cooperatives in Tibet, the existing problems and restrictive factors including the non-standardized operation mechanism, the unbalanced benefit distribution and the weak connection of profits were analyzed. According to the theory, policy and system of specialized farmers’ cooperatives, some measures and suggestions were proposed to promote a sound development of the cooperatives in Tibet, including improving cognition and enhancing guidance, integrating resources and developing intensively, perfecting mechanism and management, strengthening support and promoting training and service.