Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.3 Published:29 January 2016

  Effects of Single Basal Fertilizer Application on Yield and Nutrient Absorption of Rice Zhang Mu,Tang Shuanhu,Huang Xu,Li Ping and Fu Hongting 2016, 32 (3):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080078 Abstract + ( 1904 )   PDF ( 953KB )   ( 789 ) A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of single basal fertilizer application on growth of rice, and then to clarify whether single basal fertilizer application could achieve high-yield production as conventional split fertilization and its mechanism. The effects of single basal application of conventional quick-acting fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor DCD type stable fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor DMPP type stable fertilizer and resin-coated controlled-release fertilizer on yield, components of yield, dynamic of tiller, photosynthetic rate during grain filling stage and the contents of N, P and K in the main growth stages of rice were studied in this experiment, and the conventional split fertilization was served as the control. The results showed that single basal application of slow/controlled-release fertilizers satisfied the absorption of N, P, and K in different growth stages, increased tiller number, panicles, grain number, photosynthetic rate and carbon-nitrogen metabolism, thus improved or maintained the normal grain yield. The results showed that single basal application of slow/controlled-release fertilizers could improve or maintain normal yield as split fertilization due to the increase or maintenance of panicles and grain number on the basis of ensuring normal 1000-grain weight and setting rate.

  Cold and Drought Tolerance Identification of Hybrid Progenies of Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) in Early Growth Stage 谢建坤, and 万勇 2016, 32 (3):  8-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080026 Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 621KB )   ( 448 ) To obtain elite rice intermediate lines for further breeding of rice varieties with cold and drought tolerance, the cold and drought tolerance of the hybrid progenies derived from Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) and cultivated rice were studied. The germination rate, germination index and survival seedling rate were chosen as evaluation indexes and employed to identify cold tolerance under different temperatures. 8 morphological traits related to drought tolerance were analyzed to identify the drought tolerance at seedling stage. The results showed that strain M65 and M132 had obviously higher germination rate and germination index than other tested strains at low temperature 7-10℃, which indicated that strain M65 and M132 had comparatively stronger cold tolerance at germination period. Under low temperature treatment of 7℃ for 10 days (7℃/10d), strain M10 and M117 had relatively higher survival seedling rate of 72% and 81.25%, respectively. This indicated that strain M10 and M117 had stronger cold tolerance at the budburst period. Low temperature treatments of 7-10℃ and 7℃/10d were suggested for evaluation of cold tolerance at the germination and budburst period for Indica rice, respectively. The comprehensive drought tolerance D value of strain M61 and M117 were higher than that of others at seedling stage. It indicated that strain M61 and M117 had stronger drought tolerance at seedling stage. These tolerant strains identified could be used for further rice breeding for cold and drought tolerance and genetic studies on the tolerance mechanism of Dongxiang wild rice.

  Resistance Evaluation of Rice Improved Lines to Brown Planthopper and White-backed Planthopper 朱旭东 2016, 32 (3):  16-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100046 Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 511KB )   ( 534 ) For evaluating the resistance of rice improved lines to brown planthopper (BPH) and white-backed planthopper (WBPH), the resistance of the improved lines at adult stage to BPH and WBPH and the resistance at seedling stage to BPH were identified and evaluated by artificial induction and the standard seedbox screening technique. The results showed that the improved lines G6 and G8 of RHT-sd1, G9 and G10 of ‘Ptb33’, G15 of Qb14, G16 and G17 of Qb15 were resistant to BPH and WBPH, which accounted for 25.0%, 66.7% , 25.0% and 100.0% of the total improved lines of the corresponding resistant resources. It was concluded that the new multi-resistance lines could be obtained from improving the resistant resources which had resistance to both BPH and WBPH. Seven improved lines obtained in this study, which were resistant to BPH and WBPH, could have useful values in breeding multi-resistant rice varieties.

  Effect of Irrigation on Soil and Wheat Yield in Sichuan Under Drought Condition 2016, 32 (3):  22-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080052 Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 702KB )   ( 564 ) In order to reduce the grain loss, the effective water saving cultivation of wheat in Sichuan under drought condition was studied. By conducting a field experiment in the hilly area in Mianyang, Sichuan, the author analyzed soil physical characteristics and wheat main agronomic characteristics and yield by three treatments including natural rainfall, artificial irrigation once and twice. The results showed that different irrigation treatments at different growth stages had different effects on soil physical characteristics and wheat agronomic characteristics. The difference of soil density, soil bulk density and soil water content among different treatments was small in wheat seedling and jointing stage, the effects of different treatments on soil density, soil bulk density, soil water content and wheat agronomic characteristics were great in flowering and maturity stages. In the hilly arid and semi-arid area, artificial irrigation once in jointing stage was the best treatment, which significantly increased winter wheat yield by 2113.46 kg/hm2 in comparing with the treatment of natural rainfall.

  Effect of Nitrogen on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes and Quality of Oat 翟园 2016, 32 (3):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080019 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 634KB )   ( 542 ) In order to study effect on growing development and yield of oats with different nitrogen fertilizer.Find out the nitrogen levels of suitable oat growth and yield improvement.The study used Dam oat 1 which was introduced in 2005 for the trial materials.The crack with random group was used on the trial design.Through the regular observation and comparative analysis of oats each period form and physiological indices.The results was showed as follow: Significant difference between the growth dynamic index of oats in different nitrogen levels.The plant height will increase with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer, the leaf area and tiller number too.But if the amount of nitrogen is excessive, Invalid tiller number will be increasing.keeping green affected the output in late growth period.Appropriate amount of nitrogen can make the oats keep normal standard on the physiological and biochemical indicators and improve oats production.When the nitrogen application rate is 144 kg / hm2, Dam oat 1 have a higher yield.

  Effects of Plastic Film Covering and Cultivation by Setting Seedling on Growth and Yield of Spring Corn in Cold and Arid Region of Shanxi Province 2016, 32 (3):  35-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080075 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 474KB )   ( 513 ) In order to understand the relative importance of plastic film mulching and seedling and transplanting on the improvement of growth and yield of middle-late corn in cold and arid region, a field experiment with completely randomized block design was employed to analyze and compare the effects of different cropping patterns on the maize growth process, plant height variation, ear height and yield component characters. The results showed that the growth of maize covered with plastic film was significantly earlier than seedling and transplanting maize. Yield of film-mulching maize increased by 32.0% compared to direct sowing in the same period (May 2nd); while the maize yield of seedlings and transplanting to farmland covered with film was 34.7% higher than direct sowing maize. The reason of mulching treatment increasing maize yield was mainly due to the increase of weight per hundred kernels. Compared with each treatment, transplanting made plant height and ear height low, but film mulching (including transplanting to farmland covered with film) could improve yield and decrease the length of bare tips. In overall consideration of input and output, film covering is one of good planting ways of spring maize in cold and arid regions of Shanxi Province.

  Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Main Agronomic Traits and Yield of Close Planting Soybean Cultivars 2016, 32 (3):  39-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080091 Abstract + ( 1107 )   PDF ( 605KB )   ( 372 ) In order to study the effect of different sowing dates on the main agronomic traits and yield, close planting soybean cultivar‘Hefeng51’, which was planted in the third temperate zone of Heilongjiang Province, was uesd as test material and five sowing date treatments (S1 was May 10th, S2 was May 20th, S3 was May 30th , S4 was June 9th, S5 was June 19th) were set to study the change rule of the main agronomic traits and yield under different sowing dates. The results showed that the plant height, the main stalk pitch number and the hundredgrain weight showed a gradually reducing trend. The number of pods and seeds per plant showed a decreasing trend after the increase. The soybean yield showed a decreasing trend after the increase. The highest yield of 4214.3 kg/hm2 was obtained by S3 treatment. So the best sowing date of‘HeFeng51’was May 30th in the east area of Heilongjiang Province.

  Effects of Different Fertilizer Levels and Planting Densities on Yield and Main Agronomic Characters of Vegetable Soybean ‘Zhexian No.9’ 2016, 32 (3):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080107 Abstract + ( 1201 )   PDF ( 524KB )   ( 481 ) To investigate effects of different fertilizer levels and planting densities on yield and main agronomic characters, 12 treatments including fertilizer treatments as the main plot and density treatments as the secondary plot were carried out on the material of vegetable soybean ‘Zhexian No.9’ by using split plot design. The results indicated that yield had significant differences under different fertilizer levels and plant densities. Plant height, branch number, effective pod numbers and yield had significant differences under different fertilizer levels. Effective pod numbers and yield had extremely significant differences under different planting densities. Different fertilizer levels and planting densities influenced yield by effective pod number. Yield increased with the increase of fertilizer level, but there was no significant difference between the high level and the middle level. Low planting density could increase the productivity per plant, but reduced the population yield. For the economic and ecological benefit, the suitable cultivation measures of vegetable soybean ‘Zhexian No.9’ were fertilizer level of N 160-180 kg·hm-2, P2O5 90-110 kg·hm-2, K2O 90-110 kg·hm-2 and the density of 18-22 ×104 plants·hm-2. The results would provide theoretical basis for high yield and fine quality cultivation measures of vegetable soybean ‘Zhexian No. 9’.

  Study on Planting Technology of Marijuana-Jute/Kenaf for Two Batches A Year 2016, 32 (3):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050190 Abstract + ( 2525 )   PDF ( 568KB )   ( 471 ) Bast fiber crops are one kind of important economic crops in China. This study aims to solve the problems of increasing market demand for hemp product and ontinuous decrease of bast fiber crops planting area. In the field plot test, the marijuana was taken as previous crop，then jute or kenaf was planted after marijuana harvest. In the planting pattern of marijuana-jute, the total yield of hemp fiber increased by 90.8% and 34.2% respectively, comparing with that of single planting of marijuana and jute. Meanwhile, in the planting pattern of marijuana-kenaf, the total yield of hemp fiber increased by 92.7% and 28.8% respectively, comparing with that of single planting of marijuana and kenaf. Moreover, in the planting pattern of marijuanajute/kenaf, both of the net income and the output to input ratio increased in comparing with that of single planting, the maximum values were obtained around June 20. In comprehensive consideration of the indexes of hemp fiber yield, net income and output to input ratio, etc., the planting pattern of marijuana-jute/kenaf could increase the yield of hemp fiber and improve farmers’economic benefit, thus was worthy of large area application.

  Identification and Evaluation of Agronomic Characteristics of 203 Ramie Varieties and Selection of Varieties with High Yield and Protein in Hot Dry Periods 2016, 32 (3):  54-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070107 Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 555KB )   ( 537 ) In order to select germplasm resources of ramie which could be used as forage and could resist the high temperature and drought in Southern China, typical agronomic characteristics and the content of crude protein of 203 ramie varieties were identified and evaluated. The results showed that there were different correlations among the seven characteristics including stem diameter, plant height, number of individuals per plot, average daily growth rate, stem-leaf ratio, single stump yield and content of crude protein. 31 high-yield ramie varieties (single stump yield＞1250 g/stump) and 32 high- quality ramie varieties (content of crude protein＞25%) were selected by comparative analysis. Finally, five ramie varieties including‘Wushan hemp ramie’,‘Sichuan 0 ramie’,‘Yushan ramie’,‘Suining peel ramie’and‘Shaoyang peel ramie’were selected as forage resources with high yield and high quality.

  Research Progress of the Application of Super Absorbent Polymers in Potato Planting 2016, 32 (3):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070095 Abstract + ( 1010 )   PDF ( 466KB )   ( 477 ) Super absorbent polymers(SAP) is a kind of high- hygroscopicity resin, which can effectively enhance the moisture of soil matrix, strengthen microorganism activity and enzyme activity in soil, reduce surface runoff, increase the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of potato, and it is now widely used in potato planting. The paper reviewed the research on the application of SAP in potato planting, including the effect of SAP on soil environment and the growth process of potato, and the SAP application methods. On this basis, the authors made an outlook on the development prospect of SAP application in potato planting in the future.

  Effect of Nitrogen on Carbon Metabolism Matter of Sugar Beet 2016, 32 (3):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100107 Abstract + ( 944 )   PDF ( 469KB )   ( 455 ) The effects of different nitrogen levels on soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose and starch content were investigated, providing a theoretical basis for the best technique of nitrogen management in sugar beet production. A field experiment was carried out using sugar beet cultivar H003 as experimental material. Seven N application rates were designed: 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 kg/hm2. The results showed that, at the same nitrogen fertilizer rate, the content of soluble sugar increased firstly and decreased subsequently as the developmental process went on; the sucrose and fructose content presented a trend of decreased-increased-decreased; the starch content was adverse with a trend of increased-decreased-increased. At early growth stage, the content of soluble sugar decreased firstly and increased subsequently by the N application, at late growth stage, the result was adverse; N application rate of 120-160 kg/hm2 in sugar beet leaves could help increase the accumulation of sucrose and fructose content and also advance the peak value of starch. Comprehensive considering the results, at the same nitrogen fertilizer rate, soluble sugar content decreased firstly and increased subsequently, which was consistent with sucrose and fructose content, yet starch content was adverse with all of them; N application rate of 120-160 kg/hm2 was beneficial for assimilation metabolism, translocation metabolism and accumulation metabolism of sugar beet.

  Effect of No-tillage with Straw Mulching on Soil Water Content and Temperature and Crop Yield in Semi-humid Area 2016, 32 (3):  71-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080028 Abstract + ( 826 )   PDF ( 780KB )   ( 457 ) This paper took double cropping system of winter wheat-summer maize in semi-humid area as the study object. Three treatments including conventional tillage (T0), no-tillage without mulching (T1) and notillage with mulching (T2) were conducted to study the effect of tillage and straw mulching on soil water content and temperature and crop growth and the effect in different crop seasons was also studied. The results showed that the soil water contents in 0-60 cm soil layer of T2 and T1 treatment were higher than that of T0 treatment, and the topsoil water contents of T1 and T2 treatment had significant difference, which indicated that straw mulching had obvious effect on soil water retention in topsoil. No-tillage with mulching reduced soil surface temperature (T2＜T1＜T0), but the effects in different crop seasons were different: top soil temperature of T2 and T1 treatment had no significant difference in winter wheat seedling stage, but it was significantly different in summer maize seedling stage and influenced germination, but the emergence rate had no significant difference. Different from the results in semi-arid and semi-humid area, no-tillage with mulching reduced winter wheat yield, the main reasons were the reduction of emergence rate (8.7% in 2013 and 13.3% in 2014) and spike number of per hectare (3.8% in 2013 and 5.0% in 2014). For summer maize, straw mulching had yield-increasing effect (17.2%), the main reason was the increase of kernels per spike (11.5%). No-tillage with straw mulching could conserve soil water content and decrease topsoil temperature of double cropping system of winter wheat- summer maize in semi-humid area, but the effect in different crop seasons were different, and those effects were not the main influencing factors of crop yield.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin Germplasm by SSR Markers 张继川,张立群,甘霖,覃 碧 and 刘实忠 2016, 32 (3):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080067 Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 821KB )   ( 445 ) Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin is an important rubber producing crops emerging in recent years with high quality rubber in the root.In order to know the genetic background and diversity of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin germplasm collected. 23 pairs of SSR markers were used to analysis the genetic diversity of 96 accessions of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin germplasm. Using 23 pairs of SSR markers, 71 polymorphic SSR loci were detected, 2 to 6 alleles were detected by each pair of primer, with an average of 3.09. Based on UPGMA clustering results, 96 accessions were divided into 2 groups. Group I contained all the Russian and American accessions, and 5 Xinjiang wild accessions, Group II contained the rest of Xinjiang wild accessions from 7 populations. Russian and American accessions belonged to subgroup A, the average genetic similarity coefficient among them was 0.88, which suggested that close genetic relationship was exited among them. 7 Xinjiang populations were divided into 5 subgroups, which showed wide genetic polymorphisms and complex genetic relationships among them. The analysis results of genetic diversity proved that, SSR marker could be used for genetic diversity research effectively which will provide the theorectic and practic base for germplasm collection and breeding of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin in the future.

  Rapid and Reliable Purity Identification of‘Suyu 30’Hybrids Using SSR Markers 陈国清,,,吴嘉点,冒宇翔,黄小兰,程玉静,周广飞,徐德利 and 薛林 2016, 32 (3):  86-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080056 Abstract + ( 1017 )   PDF ( 593KB )   ( 511 ) In order to quickly identify genetic purity of the high yield and good quality maize hybrid ‘Suyu 30’, ‘Suyu30’, ‘YJ7’, ‘HL40’ (the parents of ‘Suyu30’), ‘Suyu10’, ‘Suyu22’, ‘Suyu29’, ‘Suyu32’, ‘Zhengdan958’ and ‘Denghai9’ were subjected to genetic analysis with 40 SSR markers. The result suggested that five SSR markers of phi053k2, bnlg2291k4, bnlg2305k4, bnlg161k8 and umc2084w2 with stably amplified band and significant polymorphisms were determined as candidates for purity assessment of ‘Suyu30’, which could detect polymorphism between the parents. Besides, the single SSR marker (bnlg2291k4 or bnlg2305k) or the combinations of two pairs of SSRs (phi053k2 and bnlg161k8, umc2084w2 and bnlg161k8, phi053k2 and umc2084w2) could distinguish the maize hybrid ‘Suyu10’, ‘Suyu22’, ‘Suyu29’, ‘Suyu32’, ‘Zhengdan958’ and ‘Denghai9’ from ‘Suyu30’ as well. The purity test for ‘Suyu30’ using the five specific SSR markers was in agreement with the results of contrived fake seeds intermingling and field identification. Therefore, using SSR to identify the genetic purity of maize hybrid provides a reference for detecting the genetic purity of ‘Suyu30’, with the advantages of fast, accurate and practical characteristics.

  SSR Genetic Diversity Analysis of Part of Maize Inbred Lines in Gansu Province 2016, 32 (3):  91-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100087 Abstract + ( 1219 )   PDF ( 588KB )   ( 532 ) The study aims to analyze the genetic diversity and divide the population structure of some maize inbred lines in Gansu Province. Genetic diversity of 148 maize inbred lines was analyzed with 66 pairs of core SSR primers and fluorescent SSR-PCR technology in automatic DNA analyzer. The population structure was analyzed by distance-based cluster and model-based cluster methods. Totally in the 148 lines, 279 alleles were detected with an average of 4.2273, ranged from 2 to 8 per locus with 66 pairs of SSR primers. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) were 0.4879 and 2.1808, respectively. All the 148 inbred lines were grouped into NSS group and SS group by model-based cluster method, and were divided into five groups by distance-based cluster method. These 5 groups could be incorporated into SS group and NSS group according to the commonly used test inbred lines. Results showed that the clustering groups were consistent with the basic materials of pedigree information. In conclusion, part of maize inbred lines in Gansu Province were transforming into two relatively independent groups in breeding practice, the genetic diversity level between the two groups had certain differences.

  Analysis of SIX7 Gene of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 2016, 32 (3):  100-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020112 Abstract + ( 1756 )   PDF ( 1096KB )   ( 489 ) SIX genes were first detected in the xylem sap proteome of F.oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol)-infected tomato plants, and had been successfully used to differentiate the three races of F.oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Some SIX-genes have been reported in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) which is the ca usal agent of fusarium wilt of banana. To differentiate the races or subtypes of Foc, the SIX7 gene was analyzed.Based on the known SIX7 gene sequences, primers were designed and synthesized. And PCR and sequencing approach were used to detect the SIX7 in a collection of 56 Foc isolates from different domestic banana growing areas and from Australia or South Africa. And also the specific of SIX7 gene was screened with totally 39 isolates including eight other F.oxysporum formae speciales and non- pathogen F.oxysporum and F. monilifarme and F.solani and some other genus pathogens of tropical crops. The study found that the designed and synthesized SIX7 gene primers were only amplified to a 663 bp target band from the tested subtropical species of Foc race 4 (ST4). Together with the known Foc4 specific primers Foc-1/Foc-2, Foc-SIX7 gene could be allowed to differentiate subtropical race 4 from tropical race 4 isolates. It would provide a quick molecular identification method to distinguish Foc4 subtypes in disease affected banana plants, and would guide banana farmers to take timely and effective measures to prevent and control banana Fusarium wilt disease.

  Correlation and Path Analyses of Lint Yield and Yield Components of Cotton Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines and F1 2016, 32 (3):  108-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080017 Abstract + ( 2198 )   PDF ( 504KB )   ( 705 ) In order to study the relations among lint yield and yield components in cotton chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) and clarify the main direction of yield breeding of cotton, a set of CSSLs and its F1 have been used to analysis the relations among lint yield and yield components using the correlation and path analysis in five environments. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of boll number among yield components was the largest, and followed by lint percentage and boll weight, respectively. Compared to CSSLs, the coefficient of variation of yield components in F1 was smaller in all environments. Lint yield exhibited positive and significant correlations with boll weight, lint percentage and boll number except for a few environments. The coefficients of simple correlation and partial correlation of boll number in CSSLs were the largest, but the coefficients of lint percentage in F1 were the largest. Compared to lint percentage and boll number, the relation between boll weight and lint yield was controlled significantly by environment. Path analysis illustrated that the boll number in CSSLs had the highest positive direct effect on lint yield, followed by lint percentage and boll weight, but the lint percentage in F1 had the highest positive direct effect on lint yield, followed by boll number and boll weight except for one environment. The indirect effects of yield components on lint yield in CSSLs were positive, but the indirect effects of boll number via boll weight and boll weight via boll number on lint yield in F1 were negative. The results indicated that the relations between lint yield and yield components, and the effects of yield components on lint yield were significantly controlled by the type of materials and environment. Based on the results of this study, the main direction of cotton yield breeding using CSSLs was to improve lint percentage at the early stage and boll number at the later stage, and For F1, the main direction of yield breeding was to improve lint percentage.

  Study on Binder for Making Granular Organic Fertilizer from Stems and Leaves of Banana and Pineapple 2016, 32 (3):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080099 Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 566KB )   ( 447 ) In order to explore the application of organic binder in commercial organic fertilizer granulation and to provide a reference for the large-scale production of organic fertilizer, taken the composts of stems and leaves of banana and pineapple as raw materials, the granulation experiments were carried out by using three kinds of organic binders. Results showed that the three kinds of organic binders in appropriate concentrations could be used to make the organic fertilizer powders of stems and leaves of banana and pineapple to be granulated. With the concentrations of concentrated yeast wastewater, corn starch and polyvinyl alcohol as 70%, 6% and 2% respectively, the granulation effects were the best, the granulation rate was greater than 97%, and the return rate was lower than 7.93%. According to the analysis of the particle properties, 2% PVA was the most suitable for the granulation in the three kinds of organic binders, its particle size distribution was uniform, the compressive strength was 7.4 N, the water absorption rate was 2.97, and the equilibrium water content was 76.98%. The particle produced by 6% corn starch and 2% polyvinyl alcohol binder had lower disintegration rate, which could be used for further development of the slow release fertilizer.

  Effects of Trichoderma harzianum on Wheat Straw Degradation 屈海泳 2016, 32 (3):  120-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3191 Abstract + ( 1058 )   PDF ( 807KB )   ( 512 ) Using Trichoderma harzianum for producing cellulose enzyme to degrade straw was advantageous to returning straw to field and reducing the waste biomass. Trichoderma was extracted continuously. Straw degradation rate was used as indicators to research straw degradation ability. With straw weightlessness rate, and changes in the N, P, K content in the straw as indexes, through multiple extractions, the ability of straw degradation was improved. To the fourth extraction, effect of trichoderma viride on straw degradation rate was the highest, to the fifth extraction, straw degradation rate fell slightly, and to the sixth extraction, the decline was most obvious. Multiple extractions could improve the ability of trichoderma in straw degradation, but not the more the better, with four times as advisable.

  Study on Early Warning Method of Cadmium Content in Rice 2016, 32 (3):  124-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070091 Abstract + ( 1114 )   PDF ( 654KB )   ( 471 ) China is the top rice producer in the world, heavy metals especially cadmium in rice (Oryza.sativa L.) has become a hot-spot topic in recent years, thus it is one of the most important work for the government to avoid“cadmium polluted rice”in agricultural production. The accumulation of cadmium in four rice varieties during filling to ripening stages under three field conditions was studied. The results showed that cadmium in rice grains had significant differences between the 16th days (the 1st sampling time) and the 36th days (the 6th sampling time) after flowering, but there was no significant difference between the 20th day (the 2nd sampling time) and the other five sampling times (i.e the 16th, 24th, 28th, 32nd, 36th days after flowering). The results showed that cadmium concentration determined on the 20th days after flowering was similar to those determined afterwards. This early determination could be used to predict cadmium content, and hence used in early warning for safe management.

  Research on Carbon Footprint for Management Activity of Urban Modern Agriculture in Beijing——A Case Study of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxin. cv. Jingbaili Orchards in Mentougou District 2016, 32 (3):  128-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080042 Abstract + ( 1106 )   PDF ( 620KB )   ( 513 ) In order to build the regulation system for low-carbon agriculture and provide the basis for the energy conservation and emission reduction of urban modern agriculture management activity in Beijing through systematical estimation of carbon emission, the authors evaluated six Pyrus ussuriensis Maxin. cv. Jingbaili orchards in Mentougou district based on ten years’production data and the basic theory and study method of agricultural carbon footprint. The results showed that the average carbon footprint of the six Jingbaili orchards varied from 118.71 to 513.23 kg Ce/(hm2·a), and the carbon cost of fresh fruits was 0.12 to 0.27 kg Ce/kg. As to the composition of carbon footprint in these orchards, 16.97%- 83.20% came from the electricity consumed by irrigation, 0.00%-63.12% was discharged by chemical fertilizer, 8.68%-50.18% was caused by diesel oil and 2.09%-7.39% was attributed to pesticides, respectively. In addition, the amount of electricit consumption or nitrogenous fertilizer showed a positive correlation with the total carbon footprint of each orchard. Therefore, the carbon footprint could be effectively reduced by the implementation of an economic and precise system of irrigation and fertilization, and by building rainfall flood project according to local conditions.

  Key Problems and Approach of Terrace Agroecological System Protection——Taking Ziquejie Terrace in Xinhua, Hunan as an Example 2016, 32 (3):  135-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080053 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 578KB )   ( 622 ) Ziquejie terrace is a typical southern mountain land ecological system and a nature- artificial complex ecosystem. This paper introduced the systematicness, stability and endangering status of Ziquejie terrace ecosystem and elaborated the agroecological environment problems and the causes. The prevention of alien species invasion, protection of water resource, protection of ecological landscape and inheritance of ecological culture were the key problems. The current situation of ecological protection was summarized, some suggestions were proposed aiming at the Ziquejie agroecological system protection, which could offer reference for the sustainable development of terrace agroecological environment.

  Analysis of the pH Value and Primary Nutrient in Blueberry Garden Soil1 2016, 32 (3):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070084 Abstract + ( 1292 )   PDF ( 440KB )   ( 608 ) In order to explore the soil nutrient characteristics and put forward the improvement measures, a field experiment was arranged and performed. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the pH value and primary nutrient status in blueberry garden soil by means of collecting 21 soil samples from the main production base of blueberries in Qingdao, according to the specific requirements of blueberries for soil pH and organic matter and the second national soil survey nutrient classification standard. Results showed that the blueberry garden soil had the following characteristics: acidic soil, low organic matter content with significant differences among different bases, moderate total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen contents, high available phosphorus content and above moderate available potassium content. Then, it is found that the primary causes were the differences in soil basic fertility, excessive use of sulfur, inadequate inputs of organic matter, not thorough soil improvement, and imperfect fertilizer management in the blueberry gardens. Finally, the corresponding improvement measures were put forward, for example, increasing organic fertilizer and organic matter covering, as well as the application of CaCO3 and formulated fertilization.

  Effect of Different Fertilization Patterns on Crop Yield and The Budget of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Vegetable-Paddy Rice Rotation System 2016, 32 (3):  146-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080033 Abstract + ( 1046 )   PDF ( 466KB )   ( 649 ) A 2-year stationary field experiment of potato-green soy bean-late rice rotation was carried out to study the effect of different fertilization patterns on the yield of vegetable- rice rotation and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in vegetable field. The results showed that economic fertilization increased the yields of three crops significantly, the net profit of one rotation cycle increased by 23.7% and 10.5% respectively compared with that of CK treatment and farmer fertilization. The apparent use efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was 60.5% and 16.0% respectively, which increased by 15.6 percentage points and 7.3 percentage points respectively compared with that of farmer fertilization under one rotation system. Soil NO3-- N concentration and total P concentration in percolating water of soil-pillar increased by 63.3% and 30.6% respectively compared with that of basal soil in the potato-green soy bean continuous cropping under the mode of economic fertilization. However, soil NO3--N concentration and total P concentration remained stable under the potato-green soy bean-late rice rotation. Therefore, it could be concluded that the modes of the vegetablevegetable-paddy rice rotation with economic fertilization was an effective technical mode for nutrient management in vegetable field.

  Sophisticated Area Forecast Suitable for Corn Planting Based on the Meteorological Regional Automatic Station Data 2016, 32 (3):  151-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070120 Abstract + ( 1209 )   PDF ( 1605KB )   ( 420 ) The study aims to carry out refined weather forecast and provide sophisticated area forecast which is suitable for corn planting at village and township level for local governments and agricultural sectors. 24 regression equations were established by the correlation analysis of the daily average temperature between 24 regional automatic stations in Liaoyang City and Liaoyang station from April to May in 2010-2014, the authors made the forecast with the model under the aid of rainfall drawing software and divided the whole region into 3 areas: suitable for corn planting, comparatively suitable for corn planting and not suitable for corn planting. After inspection, the authors found that the correlation coefficient of the 24 regression equations all reached 0.01 significant level, the variation trend of back substitution and actual value was consistent basically, the absolute error (ABSE) and the standard error (RMSE) ranged between 0.2℃ and 0.7℃, which could be used to forecast the daily average temperature of 24 towns. The use of the rainfall drawing software is easy and can be promoted.

  Analysis of Structure Evolution Characteristics of a Strong Precipitation in Southern Shandong 2016, 32 (3):  160-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100090 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 2831KB )   ( 352 ) In order to investigate the mechanism of summer rainstorm occurred in southern Shandong Province and further improve the prediction accuracy, using conventional observation data, NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, FY-2E satellite TBB hourly data, the intensive observations of automatic weather station data, Doppler weather radar data and so on, a rainstorm process in southeastern area of Shandong Province was analyzed in detail. The results showed that the rainstorm occurred under favorable weather condition; the process that middlelevel dry cold air mixed with low-level warm air coming from a strong low-level warm advection and increased the atmosphere convective instability. The severe precipitation was produced when the lower positive vorticity increased while the upper and lower positive vorticity were superimposed. Storm center was closely related to the minimum value of the center and the strength of TBB. Doppler radar captured the cold air and strong echo activities during the heavy rain, and the heavy rainfall corresponded to two periods of heavy precipitation.

  Precipitation Variation Characteristics in Critical Water Requirement Period of Rape in Central Tibet 马鹏飞 and 袁雷 2016, 32 (3):  170-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100035 Abstract + ( 898 )   PDF ( 801KB )   ( 405 ) The paper aims to understand the climatic change characteristics of precipitation during the critical growth period of edible rape in central Tibet, thus to provide a key reference for scientific irrigation. The authors analyzed the characteristics and changing trends of precipitation during the critical period of water requirement of edible rape with statistics methods, such as arithmetic mean and liner trend analysis, based on a homogeneity-adjusted precipitation data of 9 weather stations in central Tibet from 1981 to 2014. The results showed that the precipitation exhibited a significant variability both temporally and spatially during grey moss and flowering period of edible rape in central Tibet, and the precipitation of most years could not fully satisfy the water requirements of edible rape, indicating a lack of water. In particular, during the past 34 years, the precipitation during grey moss period of rape showed a significant increasing trend with a rate from 0.5 to 8.6 mm/10 a in all stations except Gyantse station, which showed a decreasing trend. The apparent increase in precipitation during flowering stage and whole growth period of rape was found to be at a rate of 2.9-10.9 mm/10 a and 3.9-32.4 mm/10 a, respectively. Overall, the increase in precipitation could mitigate water deficiency in central Tibet, and facilitate the growth and development for edible rape.

  Rapid Detection of Soil Moisture Based on Spectrophotometry 2016, 32 (3):  175-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080054 Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 521KB )   ( 489 ) The paper aims to build a rapid test method of soil moisture content, which would be suitable for application in the field and the laboratory. The soil moisture content was detected by spectrophotometry, the detection process was simple and could be controlled in 5 min for one sample. The results showed that the maximum absorption wavelength of the solution was 660 nm, the concentration and volume of chromogenic agent were 3.5 g/L and 10 mL. The error of the testing result would be 1.4% or less when the concentration of Cl- was 0.45 mg/L or less (the equivalent of Cl- was 0.45 mg/kg in the soil). Therefore, the test method of soil moisture content was suitable for most agrotypes, because the average concentration of Cl- was 0.1 mg/kg. The absolute error of the rapid detection result was 3% or less comparing with the oven drying method, and it was hardly affected by agrotype and chemical compositions. It was a rapid and convenient test method which had promotion value and application advantages.

  Impact of Three Host Plants on Growth and Development of Jujube Porthesia similis 2016, 32 (3):  179-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080133 Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 997KB )   ( 374 ) In order to provide scientific basis for pest prevention, the biological features of growth, development and feeding of jujube Porthesia similis were investigated in this study. The jujube Porthesia similis larvae were fed with three kinds of leaves including Euonymus maackii leaves, jujube leaves and cabbage leaves, respectively, under natural condition in Yanan from June to August. The growth characteristics of body weight, body length, ecdysis, cocooning and eclosion were observed. One Way ANOVA and multiple comparison methods were used to deal with the data. The results showed that the body weight and body length of jujube Porthesia similis larvae increased with the increase of ecdysis time, including 6 times of ecdysis divided into 7 instars. The ecdysis times, body weight and body length of jujube Porthesia similis larvae fed with cabbage leaves were significantly different from that of the other two treatments. The body weight and the body length of the cabbage leave feeding group reached 6862.6 μg and 1.71 cm, while they were 2004 μg and 0.9 cm of the jujube leave feeding group. The cocooning rate, eclosion rate and survival rate of the euonymus maackii leave feeding group were significantly higher than that of the other two treatment groups. The cocooning rate and the eclosion rate were 30% and 10%, respectively. The survival rate of the jujube leave feeding group was the minimal. The results had references for the forecast and prevention of jujube Porthesia similis.

  Performance Evaluation System of Agricultural Scientific Research Experiment Base ——Taking Experiment Base of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences for Example 2016, 32 (3):  183-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060096 Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 726KB )   ( 501 ) To further deepen the reform of scientific research institutions and establish a modern scientific institution system with“clear responsibility, scientific evaluation, orderly opening, standardized management” as soon as possible, focusing on the comprehensive evaluation without clearly goals, an evaluation system was put forward according to the orientation and responsibility of agricultural scientific research experiment base under the new situations. The system management software was designed and developed using fuzzy evaluation theory and database construction technology to realize workflow management, evaluating index management and reported data management in the performance evaluation process. And thus the functions of the evaluation system including performance evaluation, score calculation, data statistics and result publication were achieved. Then the system was applied to the experiment base of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The evaluation results were in accordance with the actual situation and could reveal its position and contribution portion in all the experiment bases of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This evaluation system provided a scientific basis for appraisal work in Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, laid a foundation for the calculation of performance related pay, and offered a scientific method for the evaluation of management and development capability of agricultural scientific research experiment bases in China.

  Remote Sensing Estimation of Wheat Planting Area in Pinghu Based on Stratified Sampling 2016, 32 (3):  192-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110044 Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 2360KB )   ( 321 ) In order to acknowledge the county-level wheat planting area more accurately, the author took Pinghu City of Zhejiang Province as an example, used the image data of GF- 1 and RapidEye satellite, extracted the approximate wheat planting area by supervised classification method, stratified sampling in wheat planting area range, estimated the wheat planting area in Pinghu City in 2015 which was 141.73 km2 with 95% confidence interval 95% estimation accuracy. The results were comparatively consistent with the actual wheat planting area in Pinghu City, indicating it was feasible to use supervised classification method combining stratified sampling to estimate the county-level grain planting area. This method was suitable for the regular operation of county-level grain planting area in Zhejiang Province.

  Comparative Study on Agricultural Scientific and Technical Innovation Capability of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Based on Patent Analysis 2016, 32 (3):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080100 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 644KB )   ( 371 ) In order to understand the status, strength and development trend of agricultural technology, quantity, IPC category and the stage of technological development of patents were analyzed using patent analysis method based on the data of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences from 2012 to 2014. The results showed that Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences had obvious advantages in terms of patent quantity and research field coverage, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences had relative advantages in the research field of patent. With the coordinated development of Beijing- Tianjin- Hebei region, the authors suggested that the three agricultural scientific research institutions should combine generic technology and make their respective advantages complementary to each other in agricultural science and technology innovation.