Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.4 Published:01 February 2016

  Effects of 60Co-γ Radiation on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata Hu Ruiyang,Wu Bo,Na Jing,Duan Hongjing,Fang Luming,Yu Xiaolong,Sun Yuhan and Li Yun 2016, 32 (4):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070136 Abstract + ( 1433 )   PDF ( 539KB )   ( 676 ) In order to investigate the effects of different doses of 60Co-γ radiation on seed germination and seedling growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata, the seeds collected from the third generation Cunninghamia lanceolata seed orchard were taken as materials to test the effects of different doses of gamma irradiation treatments on the seed germination rate, germination time, seedling emergence rate and the mutagenic seedling growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata. The results showed that: 20 Gy radiation obviously accelerated the germination but the germination rate gradually decreased with the increase of the dose put into application and 80 Gy was a lethal dose; with the dose increase, the germination time gradually extended while the seedling emergence rate gradually decreased when the irradiation dose was between 20 Gy and 60 Gy. Different gamma irradiation doses also had an effect on the height, ground diameter and branch number of the mutated plants, with the increase of irradiation dose, the plants tended to be dwarfed and the ground diameter decreased, while the number of branches first increased and then decreased; in particular, the 40 Gy irradiation dose could significantly accelerate branching. It can be preliminarily ascertained that, according to the irradiation doses, the germination rate and the seedling emergence rate, the half lethal dose of gamma-ray radiation on Cunninghamia lanceolata seeds is between 40 Gy and 60 Gy.

  Effects of P Fertilizer on Growth of Low-yield and Young Pinus massoniana Zhao Minchong,Zhao Hua,Liu Jianzhong and Song Chuansheng 2016, 32 (4):  5-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090045 Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 534KB )   ( 515 ) To reveal the regression relationship between the sapling increment and the rate of P fertilizer application, an experiment of P fertilizer application was conducted in a 5-years low-yield young Pinus massoniana forest. The results showed that there was a parabolic trend equation which could efficiently represent the relationship between the increment and the application amount, the reaction curve was a typical convex curve and reflected one peak in each index of increment. Each index of increment rose with the increase of P fertilizer application amount before the peak, and turned to decrease with the increase of P fertilizer application after the peak. According to the results, 0.11 kg P fertilizer per tree should be applied to trees when the average height and DBH was the maximum respectively, the maximum corresponding height and DBH in theory were 2.6 m and 4.87 cm, and respectively increased by 36.84% and 10.93% in comparison with that of CK.

  Rootability Comparative Analysis of Cuttings from Superior Hybrid Seedlings of Populus deltoides Huang Guowei,Chen Huiling,Li Zhenfang,Peng Chan,Ma Linjiang and Zhang Xinye 2016, 32 (4):  9-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070077 Abstract + ( 1254 )   PDF ( 1386KB )   ( 444 ) In order to compare the rooting of different clones and under different factors, a study on rootability of 17 superior clones of Populus deltoides hybrid offspring and 2 contrast varieties was done based on comparing their differences in different cutting parts, different substrates and different clones, and analyzed the data of rooting rate, root length and the number of fibrous roots. The results showed that the root of the clones grew faster in water culture, but the quality was poorer than that of the clones in the wet sand and perlite matrix. Roots were about 7 cm long in the water culture, and were about 5 cm long in the wet sand, the number of taproots of base cuttings in the wet sand was twice as many as that in the water culture. Because of the genetic differences, there were significant differences in rooting, the rooting ability of those superior clones was significantly higher than that of the control NL895 and 2025, and the root length and the taproots number of I-1000, which was the best one, were 9.48 cm and 15.31 respectively, almost three times over that of the control NL895. The number and the length of roots would reduce significantly when the cuttings were pulled out from the substrate repeatedly. The rooting quality of base cuttings was significantly better than that of the middle cuttings. To cultivate and popularize new fine varieties should depend on choosing suitable cutting substrate and base cuttings with strong rootablility and high-quality.

  A Comparative Observation on Morphological Characteristics of Vessel Elementsin Secondary Xylem of Two Plants in Fagus Wang Dong,Zhang Xuemei,Gan Xiaohong and Xu Xiao 2016, 32 (4):  14-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080101 Abstract + ( 1361 )   PDF ( 1473KB )   ( 528 ) In order to identify the evolution and ecology adaptability of vessel elements of Fagus, morphological structures of vessel elements, such as type, diameter, the length of wall top, batter and the types of perforation in secondary xylem, were observed and studied by tissue isolation and micrography. This research contained two species of Fagus: Fagus hayatae and Fagus engleriana. The results were as follows: three types of perforation plates (including scalariform vessel, reticulate vessel and pitted vessel) which could transport water efficiently in F. hayatae and F. engleriana were recognized. Pitted vessels with simple perforation plate type of F. hayatae were mainly observed in xylem, accounting for 85.71%, which was higher than that in F. engleriana (62%). F. hayatae had a short end wall and large diameter of vessel element. The research results showed that F. hayatae was more evolutionary than F. engleriana on phylogeny. Morphological characteristics of vessel elements as a species characteristic index between F. hayatae and F. engleriana showed significant limitations. Only morphological supplemented with numerical measurement could preliminary classify and identify the species. The research showed that the differences of diameter, the length of wall top and batter of vessel elements among varieties of the two species were caused by the plants’ adaptability to different habitats variations.

  The Investigation of Ficus Freezing Injury and Recovery in Kunming in 2013 Zhang Yuan and Li Zongbo 2016, 32 (4):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070055 Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 724KB )   ( 650 ) To verify how the “once in a decade” long-lasting cold wave of December 2013 in Kunming affected the Ficus tree planted in the city, the freezing injury of 3 most common Ficus species, which were F.microcorpa, F.benjamina, and F. altissima, was investigated and analyzed. The severity of freezing injury was transformed into freezing injury index to perform statistical analysis, and a 2-year follow-up investigation was performed to trace the recovery of Ficus trees. The results revealed that, the micro-environment significantly influenced the freezing injury of Ficus trees, trees located near shades were less vulnerable to freezing injury, and the diameter of Ficus trees showed non-prominent association with freezing injury severity. After 2 years recovery, nearly all Ficus trees were gradually recovered. Our results demonstrated that, although Ficus trees might be injured by freezing, through subsequent care and recovery, basically they could all survive. Nevertheless, in rural area, especially open space, the freezing injury could be comparatively severe, thus in those districts, it should be cautious in choosing Ficus as roadside trees.

  The Value of Yi’s Tree Culture and Its Inheritance and Development Lai Yi 2016, 32 (4):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080159 Abstract + ( 1117 )   PDF ( 579KB )   ( 1015 ) AbstractL: This paper aims to explore the dynamic protection and adaptive management strategy of agricultural heritage through the relationship between conception of nature and cultural expression. Based on revealing relationship between the Yi’s view of trees and cultural expressions, this paper studies the modern value of the Yi’s tree culture and its cultural heritage and development. The research shows that the Yi people’s concept of trees as the core of their culture reflects major concerns for their living environment; it affects the expression form of the Yi’s tree culture. Because the Yi’s tree culture has modern ecological and economic value, the sustainable development of the Yi regions needs to reconstruct the cultural expression with “tree” as characterization with modern element, based on the conception of nature. Making the traditional conception of nature play its role on the ecological environment provides not only the framework and thoughts for the overall protection of the agricultural heritage, but also the standard and principle which the agricultural heritage can follow to adapt to modern times.

  Effect of Water Stress on Biomass Accumulation and Metabolic Enzyme ActivitiesDuring Different Growth Stages of Flue-cured Tobacco Wang Jun,Xie Yuhua,Liu Lan,Chen Yongming and Qiu Miaowen 2016, 32 (4):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070134 Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 594KB )   ( 504 ) The study aims to investigate the relationship between water stress and biomass accumulation and physiological metabolism of flue-cured tobacco in different growth stages. Using the flue-cured tobacco ‘Yueyan 98’ as the material and the method of greenhouse potted, the changes of dry matter accumulation and the key enzyme activities of carbon nitrogen metabolism of tobacco plant were studied under the condition of water stress in the stage of root spreading, fast growing and tobacco leaf maturity. The results showed that the inhibition effect of water stress in the late stage of root spreading on the dry matter accumulation in field tobacco plant was lagging and irreversible; moderate water stress in the stage of fast growing could significantly inhibit the accumulation of dry matter in the stem of the tobacco plant, but could be reversed, and the chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity in the leaves were relatively high, while the amylase activity was in a low level when the leaves of tobacco plant entered the mature stage; moderate water stress in the stage of tobacco leaf maturity significantly reduced dry matter accumulation in root and stem organ and the whole plant, but had no obvious effect on dry matter accumulation in leaf organ. In production practice, the water management in the stage of the root spreading and tobacco leaf maturity should be attached with great importance to ensure that the tobacco plant is not affected by drought, and that moderate drought stress in the stage of fast growing can improve the maturity of tobacco leaves in mature stage.

  Effects of Different Bio-organic-inorganic Compound Fertilizers on Cabbage Growth Zhao Xuetong,Shang Haili,Zhang Qi and Nie Xingcheng 2016, 32 (4):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070176 Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 504KB )   ( 442 ) In order to solve side effect of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers on quality and yield of vegetables and soil fertility, in this study, pot experiments and field trials are used to research the influences of biological-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on growth and yield of cabbage. The results showed that, adding strain Y2 or Y2 and metabolite X-N to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O of 16-6-8 formula which contained tobacco stems and tobacco powder could achieve the best effect, and whole weight reached 213.333 and 200.000 g respectively after 45 days. Compared with single application of organic-inorganic fertilizer 16-6-8 with tobacco powder, the cabbage weight increased by 26.73% and 18.81%, and the difference was not significant. The overall effect was poor after adding G2 and metabolites and the difference was not significant. After adding Y2 and metabolites X-N, the effect of the organic-inorganic fertilizer of 16-6-8 formula containing oil cake was the best, the single plant weight reached 196.667 g, increased by 25.53% compared with that which had no adding agents. Overall, the mixed use the Y2 strain and metabolite A-N could not improve the fertilizer efficiency, but also inhibited the growth of crops. When Y2, G2, X-N and A-N were used together, the effect was not good and could not achieve the growth-promoting effect, and finally inhibited plant growth. The results of field trial and pot experiment were consistent.

  Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Cabbage Morphology, Yield and Quality Liu Yuying,Luo Yunmi,Li Rong,Chen Lei and Guo Jun 2016, 32 (4):  44-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090007 Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 518KB )   ( 491 ) The paper aims to study the effects of N, P and K organic fertilizer on morphology, yield and quality of cabbage. Variety ‘Chunfeng’ was taken as the material and field plot experiments were conducted under film mulching. The results showed that, compared with CK, appropriate application of organic and inorganic fertilizer could increase the biological yield, the average head weight and the yield of cabbage, the NP treatment had the highest increase rates of 25.3%, 40.9% and 41.3%, respectively; the Vc content increased in different degrees, the Vc contents under P and K treatment were lower than that of CK, and NPKM treatment had the highest Vc content; except N and K treatment, the crude fiber content of the other treatments were lower than that of CK, N treatment had the lowest crude fiber content and then was NPKM treatment.

  Effects of Stanley Water-Soluble Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Chinese Cabbage Peng Yujing,Gao Jinhua,Bian Huitao,Yue Yuling,Wang Tingting and Zhou Li 2016, 32 (4):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070114 Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 542KB )   ( 711 ) The potted test was conducted to study the effects of Stanley water-soluble fertilizers 20-20-20 added with several trace elements on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. Results showed that, the morphological indexes and the quality indexes of Chinese cabbage under the treatment of Stanley water-soluble fertilizers were superior to that under the treatment of ordinary water-soluble fertilizers and ordinary sulfur compound fertilizers. The Chinese cabbage leaf color of Stanley water-soluble fertilizers treatment was thick, stem was stout during its whole growth period, and its root length, plant height, leaf number, leaf width were significantly higher compared with the control treatments. The difference among several treatments was obvious. Compared with ordinary water-soluble fertilizers and ordinary sulfur compound fertilizers, the vitamin C content of Chinese cabbage under Stanley water-soluble fertilizers 20-20-20 treatment increased 8.8% and 15.1%, soluble sugar increased 9.4% and 11.8%, and soluble protein increased 9.2% and 10%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The nitrate content reduced 7.9% and 10% respectively compared with the control treatments, and the yield increased 8.8% and 13.1% respectively, with remarkable yield increasing effect. Research results showed that the application of Stanley water-soluble fertilizers 20-20-20 added with several trace elements obviously promoted the growth and development of Chinese cabbage, improved the content of vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and reduced the nitrate content, therefore, significantly improved the quality and yield of Chinese cabbage.

  Effects of Salt-alkali Mixed Stress on Seed Germination of Leek Hui Lin,Huang Xiumei,Yuan Chun’ai,Wang Jinxia and Li Hong 2016, 32 (4):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080005 Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 612KB )   ( 573 ) In order to explore the effects of salt-alkali mixed stress on seed germination and the salt and alkali adaptability of leek, the authors measured seed germination percentage, germination index, hypocotyls length and germination recovery percentage of total 25 kinds of salt-alkali conditions using liquor mixed by NaCl, NaSO4, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3. The results showed that the seed germination percentage and germination index were significantly lower than that of CK with the increase of salt-alkali stress, but the falling range of the seed germination rate under different salt contents and the same pH value was bigger than that under different pH values and the same salt content; the germination recovery percentage of high salinity and high pH treatment was 24.7% of CK, which delayed the germination of seeds and inhibit the germination of some low vigor seeds; the germination recovery percentage increased with the increase of salt content. Salt content, pH and the interaction between the two could inhibit the germination of seeds and the salt content was the leading factor.

  Study on Major Early Maturity Characters of Eggplant Qiao Jun,Shi Yao,Wang Jinhui,Wang Libin,Zheng Huasen,Wang Liying and Li Suwen 2016, 32 (4):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070124 Abstract + ( 1518 )   PDF ( 480KB )   ( 784 ) Early yield is the main character for evaluating early maturity of eggplant in agricultural production. This study aims to explore early maturing related characters of eggplant, thus to assist early maturing breeding. 138 cross combinations of purple round eggplant were used as materials for the correlation and path analysis of main characters that formed the early yield of eggplant in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The results showed that the early yield per plant had extremely significant relationship with the fruit number and the fruit weight. However the first flower nod had limited effect and showed no steady correlation with the early yield per plant. The path coefficients of the fruit number and the fruit weight to the early yield per plant in 2014 were 1.2073 and 0.7935, which showed that the fruit number and the fruit weight were main factors that directly influenced the early yield per plant. So the fruit number and big fruit with intense flesh rather than the first flower nod could be major characters for breeding new eggplant cultivars with high early yield.

  Study on Compound Substrate Properties with Spent Mushroom Compost andEffects on Cherry Tomato Growth Lv Xiaohui,Yang Ning,Li Haiyan,Li Xuhua and Wang Ke’an 2016, 32 (4):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070083 Abstract + ( 1398 )   PDF ( 676KB )   ( 540 ) The purpose was to study the optimum composition ratio of compound substrate with spent mushroom compound, peat, vermiculite, and perlite. With internationally best formula substrate (peat: vermiculite=2:1) used for CK, spent mushroom compound and peat were matched according to different proportions to get different substrates, physical and chemical nutrient properties were measured and effects on growth and nutrient uptake were investigated. The results showed that the bulk density, porosity and the pH of the compound substrates were all in the ideal condition. Compared with control, compound substrate including spent mushroom compost had lower available nitrogen and higher potassium content. However, compound substrates with high ratio of spent mushroom compound would lead to lower chlorophyll content and production. Appropriate proportion of spent mushroom compound was suitable for cherry tomato planting. The most suitable substrate was treatment 1(peat: mushroom: vermiculite: perlite =3:3:3:1), which had the best fruit quality. Appropriate proportion of spent mushroom compound and peat could get equal yield and fruit quantity, moreover, reduce the production cost.

  Exploration of Nutrient Solution Demand Rule and Irrigation Schemes in Different Cucumber Seedling Stages Wang Zheng,Liu Mingchi,Liu Haihe,Ji Yanhai,Zhang Yanping and Wu Zhanhui 2016, 32 (4):  68-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090017 Abstract + ( 1367 )   PDF ( 1020KB )   ( 523 ) The study aims to explore nutrient solution demand rule and irrigation schemes in different cucumber seedling stages, the authors took cucumber ‘Beijing 403’ as test material, and used the integrated nutrient solution supply in the form of tidal irrigation. The experiment with central composite rotatable design was conducted to investigate the maintaining time and the interval time of nutrient irrigation, and obtained the best solution. The results showed that the demand quantity of nutrient solution in different seedling stages was different, with the increase of leaf number, nutrient solution demand was gradually increasing, strong seedling index also increased, nutrient solution use efficiency showed a trend of increase gradually. The maintaining time and the interval time of nutrient solution irrigation in different seedling stages influenced the seedling index and nutrient solution use efficiency together, the maintaining time and the interval time which were too long or too short were bad for strong seedling formation and the absorption of nutrient solution. The cucumber strong seedling index and nutrient solution use efficiency were all the best when the maintaining time was from 13 to 23 minutes and the interval time was 360 minutes in cucumber one leaf stage. The best irrigation schemes in others leaf stages were as follows: the maintaining time was 13-16 minutes and the interval time was 349-496 minutes in two leaf stage, the maintaining time was 8-18 minutes and the interval time was 349-401 minutes in three leaf stage, the maintaining time was 13-23 minutes and the interval time was 360 minutes in four leaf stage. With this scheme, the advantages are not only strong seedling growth, but also nutrient solution saving in cucumber seedling stage.

  Effect of Different Compound Substrates on Cucumber Seedling Liang Xin’an,Liang Fangfang,Li Qingwei,Zhang Dan and Liu Wen’ge 2016, 32 (4):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070094 Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 1391KB )   ( 498 ) In order to improve the utilization rate of agricultural waste and reduce dependence on non-renewable resource, taking ‘Bojie 52’ cucumber as experiment material, and traditional peat, perlite and vermiculite media as contrast, the authors studied the physical and chemical properties of six substrates with different mixing proportions of peanut shell, cow dung, peat, perlite and vermiculite, and their effect on cucumber seedling culture. A random block design was adopted with the electrical conductivity meter, portable chlorophyll meter and optical instrument and so on. The results indicated that the physical and chemical properties of the used peanut shell and cow dung compound substrate were within the standard range of nursery for cucumber seedling. After 40 days’ growing on different compound substrates, the cucumber plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight over ground and dry weight underground were higher than those of the control, and the effects of treatment 4 (peanut shell: vermiculite: perlite=3:1:1) and treatment 2 (peanut shell: peat: vermiculite=1:1:1) were the most obvious. Compared with the control, treatment 4 (peanut shell: vermiculite: perlite=3:1:1) had deep green leaves, the leaf chlorophyll content of representative leaves was 47.03 mg/g; net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic active radiation were higher than those of the control, which were 13.83 and 512 μmol/(m2·s), respectively, the transpiration rate was low as 2.28 mmol/(m2·s); photochemical quantum yield Y(II) was 0.65. It indicated that the contents of chlorophyll in the leaves were higher. ETR was 82.6, which showed that the apparent electron transfer rate was high, which was beneficial for photosynthesis. The compound substrate of treatment 4 was suitable for cucumber seedling nursery, and had high quality seedling and low cost, so it could be promoted in production.

  Effects of Different Plant Cytokinin on Antioxidant Activity and Quality of ‘Fuji’ Apple Fruit Xin Yanwei,Niu Yanbing and Li Xiaorui 2016, 32 (4):  83-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100079 Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 555KB )   ( 831 ) In order to increase the total antioxidant substance content in ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus pumila Mill) fruit, increase the fruit nutritive value and explore the health care function of apple fruit, the effect of different plant cytokinin on the total antioxidant activity and quality of ‘Fuji’ apple fruit were analyzed with fresh mature apples in fruit expanding period. The results showed that the content of total antioxidant activity, total sugar, total acid and protein content could be increased by spraying of kinetin, zeatin and 6-benzyl adenine on leaves. Among them, the kinetin treatment had the most significant effect, followed by 6-benzyl adenine and zeatin. The study showed that the spraying of different plant cytokinin on leaves could increase the total antioxidant activity in mature fruit and improve fruit quality. The results could provide theoretical foundation and technical support for the production of antioxidant substance rich apples.

  Comparative Study on Floral Organ Structure, Pollen Morphology and Viability of Ziziphus acdiojujuba Sun Yaqiang,Wu Cuiyun,Wang De and Wang Zhiqiang 2016, 32 (4):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070151 Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 655KB )   ( 550 ) In order to provide the theoretical basis for a rapid determination of floral organ structure and pollen viability of Ziziphus acdiojujuba, the authors observed the floral organ structure, pollen morphology and pollen viability of different Ziziphus acdiojujuba types. The results showed that: (1) the number of inflorescence flowers, the corolla diameter, the honey disk diameter, the length of stamens and so on were different in various degrees among different Ziziphus acdiojujuba types, the inflorescence number of flowers was usually 2-9; the number of single-flower stamens was 5; the honey plate color was generally pale yellow and yellow-green; (2) Jujube pollen was relatively small, usually 18.86-26.19 μm, nearly spherical based, the germination holes were mainly tricolporate; (3) the pollen germination rates of different jujube types were significantly different, Ziziphus acdiojujuba type 4 had the highest jujube germination rate of 32.54%. The pollen viability measured by TTC and I-KI method was significantly higher than that of in vitro culture method, measurement error was relatively large, so in vitro culture method was more suitable for the determination of pollen viability.

  Hydroponic Culture of Iris tectorum Maxim. Ma Yuanshan and Gu Feng 2016, 32 (4):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060010 Abstract + ( 1542 )   PDF ( 543KB )   ( 809 ) The article explored the key components and concentrations of elements in the Iris culture nutrient solution. By using the four-factor and three-level orthogonal design and by analysis of variance, the authors studied the effects of different nutrient solutions on the growth of Iris root, leaf and plant height. The results showed that K2SO4, MgSO4·7H2O, CaCl2 and KH2PO3 were the major influencing factors in hydroponic culture of Iris. The optimal combination of the elements was 809 mg/L K2SO4 945 mg/L CaCl2 493 mg/L MgSO4·7H2O 153 mg/L KH2PO3. Iris tectorum Maxim. was an excellent ground cover plant species and had high ornamental value. Currently, soil culture method was used more often in culturing Iris than hydroponic culture method. Exploring hydroponic culture techniques can not only fill the research gaps, but also cultivate Iris with high efficiency and low cost. The study could provide a basic formula and a sound base for further research on Iris.

  Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Its Influencing Factors of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott Yang Zaijun,Jin Zhongying,Peng Zhengsong,Wei Shuhong and Yu Yan 2016, 32 (4):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070168 Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 775KB )   ( 676 ) In order to provide an evidence for guiding artificial planting of P. pedatisecta, the light-response curves and diurnal photosynthesis (Pn) of mature leaves were measured with LI-6400 system. The results showed that the critical points of light saturation and light compensation (LCP), apparent quantum yield (AQY) of P. pedatisecta was 1000 μmol/(m2·s), 18.44 μmol/(m2·s) and 0.0318 respectively. The lower LCP indicated that P. pedatisecta was a shade-loving plant. The curve of diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of leaves of P. pedatisecta had two peaks, and there was a significant ‘midday depression’ at noon. Correlation analysis showed that the Pn was correlated significantly with Tr and PAR, with the correlation coefficient of 0.721 and 0.718 respectively. The P. pedatisecta was a shade-loving plant, therefore, it was suggested that intercropping of P. pedatisecta with tall crops, such as maize, wheat, sorghum and rape, could get shadowy environment, decrease midday depression of photosynthesis. Another way to decrease midday depression of photosynthesis was reasonable irrigation for maintaining the relative humidity of the environment. The light saturated point of P. pedatisecta was 1000 μmol/(m2·s), so the light intensity of the shadowy environment could not be lower than 1000 μmol/(m2·s).

  Wheat Quality Indexes Suitable for Good Steamed Bread in Henan Huang Feng,Yin Guihong,Han Yulin,Wang Lina,Tang Jianwei,Gao Yan,Li Nannan,Zhang Qian,Li Xinping and Yang Guangyu 2016, 32 (4):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090124 Abstract + ( 1464 )   PDF ( 461KB )   ( 553 ) 44 wheat cultivars were used to analyze the wheat quality indexes suitable for good steamed bread in Henan. The results showed that the quality indexes of wheat suitable for steamed bread were as follows: flour protein content 11%-12%, wet gluten content 30%-35.9%, sediment value 23.3-40.3 mL, peak viscidity 2200-3700 cp, through viscidity 1400-2400 cp, water absorption rate 57.2%~60.8%, and stability time 2- 9.5 min; hardness, amylose content and swelling power belonged to middle to low level, and gluten index was of middle to high level; higher flour whiteness and lightness and lower ash content and PPO activity were preferred.

  Study on Extraction Process of Eucommia Samara Oil with Supercritical CO2 Liu Qiuling,Cui Li,Chen Dong and Xiao Wenjun 2016, 32 (4):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080044 Abstract + ( 969 )   PDF ( 649KB )   ( 425 ) The paper aims to optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction of seed oil in Eucommia. Taking the samara of Eucommia as raw material, and the extraction ratio of samara oil as the index, by controlling the change of mono factors, the optimal extraction temperature, extraction pressure, separation temperature and extraction time were validated with supercritical CO2 extraction of Eucommia seed oil. And then, orthogonal design and verification experiments were conducted to determine the optimal extraction process. Factors influencing the extraction yield of oil in Eucommia were as follows: extraction temperature> extraction time>extraction pressure> separation temperature. And the optimum condition was obtained as follows: the extraction temperature 35℃, the extraction pressure 35 MPa, the separation temperature 45℃, the separation time 50 min. The yield of oil obtained under this condition with supercritical CO2 was 14.73%, and the α-linolenic acid accounted for 61.37% of Eucommia seed oil.

  Cooling on Site and Long-term Preservation of Fresh Bamboo Shoots of Phyllostachys praecox f. reveynalis 2016, 32 (4):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060153 Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 781KB )   ( 664 ) The fresh bamboo shoots were used in the experiments to solve the problem of their storage time. The fresh bamboo shoots of Phyllostachys praecox f. reveynalis were cooled using ice-water immediately after picked up, then they were coated with chitosan and stored in 4℃ after vacuum packaging. During the storage, the content of protein, amino acids, vitamin C, soluble reducing sugar, the weightlessness rate, crude fiber and crude fat were measured. The results showed that the method of on-site cooling after the bamboo shoots being picked up could efficiently preserve the content of protein, amino acids, vitamin C, soluble reducing sugar, and it could also decrease the weightlessness rate of the test materials, and prohibit the increase of the fiber of bamboo shoots. Thus, combined with chitosan coating, cooling on site could extend the bamboo shoots storage time to at least more than 80 days.

  Research Progress of Influencing Factors on Tobacco Damascenone Content Wang Peiwen,Zhu Jinfeng and Xu Zicheng 2016, 32 (4):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070089 Abstract + ( 1043 )   PDF ( 515KB )   ( 581 ) Damascenone is a natural aroma substance of flue cured tobacco, which has a very important role in the formation of tobacco aroma. This paper took the function of damascenone in tobacco as the starting point of the research, discussed the development history of damascenone, formation and aroma characteristics and genetic research status, analyzed the impact of ecological environment, cultivation measures and curing measures on tobacco damascenone content, for the purpose of improving the aroma quality and providing a theoretical basis for the actual production.

  Application of Gray Correlative Decision in Quality Evolution of Flue-cured TobaccoBased on Variation Coefficient Method 2016, 32 (4):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070139 Abstract + ( 1031 )   In order to scientifically plan the tobacco cultivation in Qujing, Yunnan Province, we analyzed 13 chemical indices of tobacco from 9 counties of Qujing by using the gray correlation decision model, which is based on variation coefficient method. According to the chemical composition analysis, the tobacco quality from the 9 counties could be sorted as follows: Xuanwei> Fuyuan> Huize> Luoping> Qilin> Shizong> Zhanyi> Malong> Luliang. The results showed that tobacco of Xuanwei had the optimal quality, while those from Luliang had the worst quality.

  Effect of Withering Time on CTC Black Tea Quality Wang Weiwei,Jiang Heyuan,Jiang Yongwen and Zhang Jianyong 2016, 32 (4):  129-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080022 Abstract + ( 1323 )   PDF ( 836KB )   ( 554 ) In order to study the effect of different withering time on processing and quality of Yunnan CTC black tea, the authors used the method of withering trough to explore the change of enzyme activity and quality ingredients during withering time of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 h and the sensory quality of the finished tea. The research showed that polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity decreased with the withering time, PPO and POD activity of withering leaf showed a significant correlation with water content; the content of tea polyphenols and catechins decreased because of oxidizing during rolling and cutting periods, amino acids and water extracts decreased too. The theaflavins content of CTC black tea gradually decreased with the prolonging of withering time, it showed a significantly positive correlation with the sensory evaluation score of the tea soup, the correlation coefficient was 0.98. In general, the broken black tea (CTC) with the best sensory quality could be obtained when the withering time was 4 hours and the water content of withering leaves was 69.4%.

  Discussion on Somatic Fusion Technology in Forest Sun Yuhan,Wang Huan and Li Yun 2016, 32 (4):  136-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070065 Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 626KB )   ( 1250 ) The paper aims to study how to cultivate the new forest varieties by the somatic fusion technology. For this purpose, the recent 10 years’ research on the protoplast culture, somatic fusion technology and its application in forest breeding were summarized. Through the analysis of previous studies, it was found that the research on protoplast culture of forest had gained great progress in the material selection, dissociation and culture, and the research on somatic fusion technology had also achieved positive results on the fusion method and the selection of somatic hybrids. But the related research was still insufficient. In the future, it is necessary to carry out the in-depth study on forest somatic fusion technology in the perspective of fusion species, influencing factors and physiological and biochemical mechanism.

  Application of Biotechnology to Breeding of Asparagus officinalis L. Zhou Jinsong,Tang Yongping,Xiong Chunhui,Luo Shaochun and Chen Guangyu 2016, 32 (4):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070093 Abstract + ( 1346 )   PDF ( 570KB )   ( 1515 ) The aim was to provide a reference and theoretical basis for genetic breeding work of Asparagus in the future. This paper reviewed the advances in the past few decades on the application of biotechnology to Asparagus breeding, including tissue culture, anther culture, microspore culture, protoplast culture, polyploidy induction, molecular marker technique and genetic transformation. The review highlighted the role and future directions of applying biotechnology to Asparagus breeding, and analyzed existing problems in such applications. In the end, according to the biological characteristics of Asparagus and the demand of Asparagus industry, the research trend on biotechnology breeding of Asparagus was also discussed.

  Molecular Detection of Alternaria alternata Causing Black Spot of Dangshan Pear Li Yunfei,Chen Xuejiao,Zhang Aifang,Yang Xue,Chen Yu and Yao Jian 2016, 32 (4):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100072 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 614KB )   ( 509 ) Black spot is one of the most severe pear diseases. Establishing a PCR detection method is important for early diagnosis and port plant quarantine. In this study, the ITS sequence of Alternaria alternata and other 19 different fungi were analyzed and compared, and a pair of specific primers were designed which could specifically amplify a 398 bp fragment from Alternaria alternata, but not from other tested fungi. In the sensitivity test, the detection limit of the bacteria genomic DNA were 10 pg/μL, Alternaria alternata was detected in both diseased pear fruit with symptoms of black spot or inoculated pear fruit by Alternaria alternata. Therefore, this pair of primers could be applied to early diagnosis and PCR detection of pear black spot. The study provided useful technical support for controlling this disease by fungicides for farmers.

  Analysis of ITS Sequence and Research on Phylogeny of Amygdalus communis L. in Xinjiang Zhu Ling,Xu Chongzhi and Zhang Rui 2016, 32 (4):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070174 Abstract + ( 1012 )   PDF ( 553KB )   ( 678 ) This experiment aimed to provide the basis for molecular identification and genetic diversity of Amygdalus communis L. germplasm resources in Xinjiang. This experiment used 24 germplasms of Amygdalus communis L. as the materials, PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS sequence were carried out after extracting DNA. The sequencing results were compared with KC862380 (Prunus lusitanica var.), and then ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 sequences were obtained. Then the authors used relevant bioinformatics software to calculate the mutation sites and simple information sites, etc. of ITS1 and ITS2 sequences. The UPGMA phylogenetic tree was built. The results showed that, after being aligned, the sequence length of ITS1 and ITS2 were 230 bp and 277 bp, respectively, and they had rich mutation sites and simple information sites. Based on ITS1, the genetic distance of UPGMA phylogenetic tree was 0.00-0.01, ‘Yingzui’, ‘Aifeng’ and ‘Shizi’ were divided into respective branch. Based on ITS2, the genetic distance of UPGMA phylogenetic tree was 0.000-0.006, ‘Yingzui’ and ‘Shizi’ were divided into the same branch. This test showed that 5.8S rDNA sequence had strong conservation. The variation information of ITS1 sequence was greater than that of ITS2 sequence, and the bases lack and replace phenomena of ITS1 sequence were more than those of ITS2 sequence, which might be the reason of phylogenetic tree differences.

  The DNA Content and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Diploid and Tetraploid of Primula forbesii Sun Xiaoguang,Zhang Xiaoman,Wang Zhigang,Cao Feng and Wang Qian 2016, 32 (4):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060076 Abstract + ( 894 )   PDF ( 735KB )   ( 419 ) The materials were Primula forbesii and autotetraploid Primula forbesii doubled by colchicin. The DNA content of teraploid and diploid was tested by using the flow cytometer analytic method. The chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in teraploid and diploid were compared and studied. The results showed that: (1) the tetraploid DNA relative content was 2 times that of the diploid; (2) the tetraploid chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll content and total carotenoids content was higher than that of the diploid; (3) the variation tendency of Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and PI value were similar, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and PI of tetraploid were higher than that of diploid, but tetraploid Fo was less than that of the diploid. Therefore, tetraploid has better photosynthetic performance compared with diploid.

  Evaluation and Correlation Analysis of Eggplant Germplasms Main Characters Lv Lingling,Li Wei and Xiao Xi’ou 2016, 32 (4):  165-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090042 Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 549KB )   ( 576 ) In order to select purplish red and long eggplant with high yield, cold tolerance and is suitable for cultivation in south China, characters such as plant height, maturity period, fruit color, weight per fruit, yield per plant and fruit shape etc. of 15 accessions of domestic eggplant germplasm were described, and parthenocarpy of the eggplant germplasms was also identified. Correlation of the main characters was analyzed and results showed that the yield per plant had a very significant correlation with the longitudinal diameter of fruit and the weight per fruit, the correlation coefficient was 0.910 and 0.880, respectively; the plant height and fruit shape index showed a very significantly positive correlation (r=0.740); the correlation between maturity period and flower color was significant, which meant that the maturity period was late-ripening when flower color was purple. On the whole, the yield per plant of ‘Qingfeng No.2’ was significantly higher than that of the control, however, the main stem and fruit calyx of ‘Qingfeng No.2’ had some prickles, which caused inconvenient to pick eggplants, and ‘Qingfeng No.2’ did not have the ability of parthenocarpy. Though the yield per plant of ‘Chunxiu’ and ‘Gongniuchangqie’ were almost as high as that of the control, ‘Chunxiu’ and ‘Gongniuchangqie’ had the abilities of parthenocarpy which made them normally bear under high or low temperature stress, while the control did not have the ability of parthenocarpy. So ‘Chunxiu’ and ‘Gongniuchangqie’ are better than the control and have broad prospects in South China.

  Research Process of Soil Enzymes Effect on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle in Agricultural Ecosystem Bian Xuelian,Zhao Wenlei,Yue Zhonghui,Wang Huiyi,Jiao Hao and Sui Haixia 2016, 32 (4):  171-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090077 Abstract + ( 4140 )   PDF ( 681KB )   ( 1025 ) The paper aims to analyze research progresses of soil enzymes in China and abroad, and summarize the role of soil enzymes in carbon and nitrogen cycle in agricultural ecosystem, in order to provide reference for agricultural production. Soil enzyme is a kind of protein that could catalyze biochemical reactions. It plays an active role in catalyzing non-exclusive organic substances, organic substances and certain mineral compounds into a variety of nutrient substances and some useful elements that could promote the growth of vegetation, and has an active effect on the development of agricultural ecosystem. At present, soil enzymes have been used as important indicators of soil carbon and nitrogen cycle, and the process of nutrient cycle in soil could be reflected by the change of enzyme activities.

  Effect of Abnormal Climate on Fruit Blossom over Pear Flowering Stage in Fengxian District in 2015 Xu Xiangming,Tang Chenyang,Fei Lei,Gu Pinqiang and Lu Zhixing 2016, 32 (4):  179-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070066 Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 633KB )   ( 575 ) In order to solve the problem of fewer fruit setting number which was caused by abnormally fluctuated climate over the flowering stage of honey pear, the authors took 5 pear varieties from Shanghai Jinguan Honey Pear Plantations in 2015 as the materials, investigated the pear flowering stage and fruit setting number and comparatively analyzed the relationship between field investigation and the meteorological observation data in Fengxian area. The results showed that the suitable climate conditions for flowering and fruit setting were over 3-4 consecutive days of sunshine or sunny weather alternated with rain. The daily average temperature and the maximum temperature of the first 3 days in flowering stage or the peak period of flowering were no more than 15℃ and 25℃, respectively. In the ovary development period, it was easy to produce bad fruit when there was ice weather, and ice weather had greater influence on commercial fruit. The fruit setting number was cut down when high temperature occurred in pear blossom stage and shortened the flowering stage. Through cultivation measures like the pollen tree intercropping, grafting, artificial pollination, and the flowering stage regulated by microclimate effect etc, the influence of bad weather in blossom and fruit setting period could be avoided, and the commodity value and fruit setting number could be promoted.

  Research Progress of Extended Range Forecast of Strong Wind Over the Sea Shang Shun,Wu Mengmeng,Qin Yinghao,Wang Zhanggui and Wei Lixin 2016, 32 (4):  185-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110021 Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 549KB )   ( 608 ) Strong wind over the sea is a major disastrous weather for marine industry. Extended-range forecast of this kind of disastrous weather is a challenge. There are six main methods of extended-range forecast, including dynamic extended method, low frequency oscillation method, empirical wave propagation method, mathematic statistics method, climate disturbed decomposition method and ensemble forecast method. And numerical model in dynamic extended forecast and MJO in low frequency oscillation method are the most common methods. In the age of big data, ensemble forecast based on numerical model and big data analysis will be the main orientation of extended-range forecast in the future. All the six methods can be used to predict the disastrous weather such as the strong wind over the sea. The researchers tend to trace the source using climate disturbed decomposition and low frequency map in the low frequency oscillation method to make extended-range forecast.

  Screening of Cucumber Germplasms with Resistance to Target Leaf Spotand Analysis of Its Distribution of Resistance Li Yali,Hou Dong,Yue Hongzhong and Zhang Dongqin 2016, 32 (4):  191-195.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070069 Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 495KB )   ( 613 ) In order to create cucumber germplasms that resist target leaf spot, this experiment researched and analyzed resistance of 68 domestic and foreign cucumber germplasms to target leaf spot and the distribution of resistance. Cucumbers were naturally infected by target leaf spot in adult stage. Growth vigor, sexual type, leaf color, rind color and disease index of target leaf spot were investigated. The results showed that among the 68 germplasms, there were 10 high resistance germplasms which accounted for 14.71%, resistance germplasms were 10.29%, moderate resistance germplasms were 11.76%, susceptible germplasms were 29.41%, and high susceptible germplasms were 33.82%. The European greenhouse cucumbers had more resistance to target leaf spot. The weaker the growth vigor, the more resistance the germplasms had to target leaf spot. Female cucumbers had better resistance to target leaf spot. Cucumbers with dark green leaves were more resistant to target leaf spot. Cucumbers with white green rinds were more resistant to target leaf spot.

  The Study of Innovative Development Model of National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Plot:An Example of Fangshan District in Beijing Guo Shumin,Zhou Ying,Wang Xiufen,Liu Baozhong and Jiao Yingyan 2016, 32 (4):  196-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110047 Abstract + ( 1633 )   PDF ( 915KB )   ( 697 ) Based on the promotion of national modern agricultural demonstration plot construction in Beijing, the significant achievements obtained in the construction of national modern agricultural demonstration plot in Fangshan District were summarized systematically. “Fangshan Model” with unique Fangshan features was created and it was composed of six sub-models which were special industry supporting sub-model, leading enterprise driving sub-model, recreation farm sub-model, valley economy sub-model, agricultural products’ quality safety control sub-model and smart agriculture sub-model. Then the typical experiences were summarized, which were adjusting measures to local conditions and strengthening industry to lay a solid foundation for the development of “Fangshan Model”, paying attention to make policy to support the development of “Fangshan Model”, using science to strengthen internal power to support the great-leap-forward development of “Fangshan Model”, innovating the system and mechanism to inject powerful force to develop “Fangshan Model” and strengthening publicity to enhance the influence of “Fangshan Model”. The six characteristics of “Fangshan Model” were summed up, including clear type, rich industrial types, diverse functions, powerful scientific supporting, combined stability and dynamic, and the combination of openness and half openness. Finally, the authors put forward the significance and function of “Fangshan Model” to the construction of modern agricultural demonstration plot in Beijing and even in China. And the development path of “Fangshan Model” in the future was also proposed based on the new situation, new aim and new positioning of Beijing and China.