Abstract: With the purpose of finding effective ways and means to ensure a stable development of China’s grain production, based on the characteristics of grain production, this study analyzed the facilitating and constraining factors of China’s grain growth for 11 consecutive years. The results indicated that the continuous growth of food production for 11 years mainly came from the continuously increased financial support to the grain industry, the enhanced strength of agricultural science and technology, and high yield substitution pattern of planting structure. However, China’s food security still faced challenges such as intensified resource constraints, low comparative benefit, weaker international competence, and deteriorated ecology and environment. Finally, this paper suggested establishing a long-term mechanism for food stable development from the perspectives of financial, science and technology, environment, grain operating entities and pricing.