Abstract: The paper aims to study the response of planting structure in Jinta County, which located in extreme arid area fragile climatic zones in Gansu Province of northwest China, to climate warming. The authors used the surface meteorological data of 1971-2012 from Jinta Weather Station, and the temperature anomaly time series and the linear trend fitting method, to analyze the variation trend of annual mean temperature, the mean maximum temperature, the mean minimum temperature and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature. The results showed that: the annual mean temperature, the mean maximum temperature, the mean minimum temperature showed an upward trend with fluctuation for nearly 42 years in Jinta County, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature had a significant increasing trend. The response of planting structure in Jinta County to climate warming was significant, from the mid of 1970s to the mid of 1990s, local main crops were food crops; in 1998, the planting structure of grain, cotton and other cash crops had fundamental changes; in the 21st century, the layout order of crops’planting area was cotton and grain. Thus, global warming had a significant impact on the structure change of crop production.