Abstract: In this study, a “3414” experiment of red kidney bean had been arranged on a representative soil type in dry and cold area. The results showed that the yields of the fertilization treatments were significantly higher than those of the treatments without fertilization, The yields and output-input ratio of the N2P1K1treatment was the highest. The red kidney bean yield increment rates by the application of N, P and K fertilizer were separately 16.4%、8.6% and 12.7%,and the effects on the yield was N > K > P. Under the condition of this experiment，the fitting results of the developed quadratic equations in three variables showed that the application amounts of N, P2O5 and K2O for the economic optimum yield were 99.0, 140.6 and 108.0 kg/hm2.At the growing stage of red kidney bean, the soil was middle fertility and the contribution of land capability reached 75.7%. Balanced fertilization could promote the absorption of N, P and K of red kidney bean.