Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.15 Published:01 June 2016

  Variety Screening and High Yield Cultivation Techniques of Ratoon Rice in Hunan 2016, 32 (15):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110028 Abstract + ( 2291 )   PDF ( 740KB )   ( 861 ) The objective was to screen for suitable varieties of ratoon rice and studied the high yield cultivation techniques in Hunan. The sowing time, harvest time, growth period and the tiller number per,the average number of each clump of the ratoon rice were recorded and calculated , the growth period, ratooning ability, yield and quality of 7 different rice variety were compared to select the suitable varieties as ratoon rice .Then taking the best one as the study material , the influence were studied of the fertilizing time, the way of harvest and stubble height on the tillering, height and the production of ratoon rice. To explored the control plans of plant disease and insect pest, and make demonstration experiment on Hunan. The results showed that, as a ratoon rice, ‘Y Liangyou 9918’ had the advantages of short growth period, strong regeneration ability, high yield, good quality and taste, which the best fertilizer application time was about 7 days before harvest of the first-season rice ; it was better to keep the stubble height between 25cm to 27cm by mechanics-harvesting; when the control of the plant disease and the insect pest, it should adopt to the “a mix of three spray” method, so the production of ratoon rice could be 3000-4500 kg/hm2. The high yield cultivation techniques of ratoon rice was constructed in Hunan, it could decrease the cost of production, and further improve the yield of the ratoon rice. So it had practical significance of popularization and application.

  Concentration of Florets Flowering Time is the Important Factors Affecting Outcrossing Rate of Japonica Rice CMS Lines 2016, 32 (15):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030079 Abstract + ( 1053 )   PDF ( 556KB )   ( 504 ) Clarifying the relationship between the flowering characters and the outcrossing rate of japonica rice CMS lines, is important foundation for high outcrossing rate of japonica rice CMS lines breeding. Based on the evaluation of the outcrossing rate of 284 Dian-type CMS lines and the flowering characters observation in parts of CMS lines, the correlation analysis and fine comparation methods are used, the results indicated that the outcrossing rate is great different among the japonica rice CMS lines, and most of the lines possess relatively low outcrossing rate, but a few of high outcrossing rate lines are also identified. The correlation analysis shows that the floret opening angle (FOA) is significant positive correlated with the outcrossing rate. After fine observation of the flowering habits in three CMS lines, the results show that the concentration of florets flowering time (CFFT) is the main factors affecting outcrossing rate of japonica rice CMS lines. In conclusion, in breeding activity, the FOA and CFFT should be focused to improve the outcrossing rate of the japonica rice CMS lines.

  Antisenescence of Combinations Derived from‘Fulong S2’in the Late Growth Duration 2016, 32 (15):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110045 Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 666KB )   ( 614 ) In order to provide some technical references for the cultivation of the combinations derived from ‘Fulong S2’ and breeding technologies of the series of new type rice varieties, aging characteristics of the 4 combinations derived from ‘Fulong S2’ and ‘Liangyoupeijiu’ (CK) were studied at late growth stage in this page. The coefficient of leaf area, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, total SOD activity, MDA content and the yield per 100 plants of the 5 combinations were measured in the late growth duration, further, the relationships between the yield per 100 plants and other 5 physiologic and biochemical indices were analyzed. The yield per 100 plants and MDA content of the 5 combinations were gradually rising, while the coefficient of leaf area, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and total SOD activity were gradually decreased. All physiologic and biochemical indices show that ‘Fulongliangyou1936’ and ’Fulongliangyou3389’ were more antisenescence CK.‘Fulongliangyou3381’ and ’Fulongliangyou1031’ all show that their coefficient of leaf area, chlorophyll content and total SOD activity were lower than CK, while the yield per 100 plants ,soluble protein content and MDA content were higher than CK. The 5 combinations all show that the correlation between soluble protein content and the yield per 100 plants was significant, and the MDA content was the same as soluble protein content. The antisenescence performances of the 4 combinations derived from ‘Fulong S2’ were different from CK in the late growth duration, while the yield increase were all stronger than CK .The soluble protein content and MDA content can be used to forecast yield potential of the 4 combinations indirectly. Farmers would get the best unit yield and economic benefits, if they harvest the products after head sprouting time 50 days.

  Model for Estimating Seed-setting Rate of Winter Wheat 2016, 32 (15):  18-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100060 Abstract + ( 1596 )   PDF ( 808KB )   ( 472 ) In order to quantitatively analysis the laws of flowering and seed-setting for winter wheat, [Method]the field experiment of varieties and nitrogen was carried out in 2013-2014 growth reason for winter wheat. “Jimai 22”, “Tainong 18”, and “Luyuan 502” were used as the experiment material in the study. A model of estimating seed-setting rate for winter wheat was built by analyzing the relationship among the fertile florets, flowering number and seed-set at pre-overwintering, and the relationship between the average single daily flower number and the single daily seed-setting rate for single spike and the growth degree days after anthesis. [Result]The model was validated by using independent experiment dataset. The result showed that root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (da) and the determined coefficient (R2) between simulated and measured values of seed-setting rate were 1.092% (n=9), 0.934%, and 0.617, respectively; the correlation between observation and simulation in the geometrical parameter were significant at P<0.05, and the simulated values agreed well with the measured ones. [Conclusion]It indicated that the winter wheat seed setting rate could be well simulated by these models.

  Effect of Drought Stress on Material Transport and Grain-Filling Characteristics of Wheat Vegetative Organs 2016, 32 (15):  25-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010002 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 631KB )   ( 622 ) The objective is to further clarify the effect of drought stress on the material transport of wheat vegetative organs and grain-filling characteristics. Under field condition, we took four wheat cultivars‘Jimai 585’,‘Henong 825’,‘Nongda 211’and‘Jingdong 8’as the experimental materials, and set up two treatments: irrigation and rain-fed. The dry matter accumulation and transfer of wheat vegetative organs and grain-filling characteristics under drought stress condition were studied. The results showed that compared with irrigation cultivation, the dry matter weight of single stem vegetative organ of mature wheat under drought stress increased, but the economic coefficient and grain yield were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the drought stress promoted the translocation of dry matter from vegetative organs to grain of‘Jingdong 8’, while the drought stress inhibited this translocation of‘Jimai 585’,‘Henong 825’and‘Nongda 211’. The influence of drought stress on wheat grain-filling had genotype difference. Under the condition of rain-fed cultivation, the maximum grain filling rate of‘Henong 825’,‘Jimai 585’and‘Nongda 211’increased significantly compared with that under irrigation cultivation, but the maximum grain filling rate of‘Jingdong 8’ significantly reduced. Drought stress has little effect on the changes of slow-increase period, fast-increase period and slight- increase period of‘Henong 825’and‘Nongda 211’, but shortened the days of slowincrease period and fast- increase period in‘Jimai 585’, and extended the slow- increase period days of ‘Jingdong 8’, delayed the time of peak filling stage.

  Canopy Light Distribution Characteristics in Winter Wheat Filling Period of Jujube-wheat Intercropping System 2016, 32 (15):  32-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100114 Abstract + ( 771 )   PDF ( 826KB )   ( 460 ) In order to observe the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of winter wheat canopy photosynthetic active radiation during filling period and the yield of winter wheat of jujube- wheat intercropping system, by taking Zizyphus Jujuba cv. Huizao and winter wheat‘Xindong 20’as the research objects, a split plot field experiment of two factors was designed with four types of planting spacing model in jujube-wheat intercropping system. The results showed that with the distance increase of jujube plants, the winter wheat canopy photosynthetic active radiation during filling period and the wheat yield increased constantly. At the same time, the increase range of the west side was greater than that of the east side, overall presented a trend of“middle high, both sides low”and“west side high, east side low”. The effective panicle number, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield of winter wheat per unit area showed significant differences. Compared with the monoculture, the fraction of shading and yield reduction rate of 3 m×4 m intercropping system were the lowest. Research showed that planting spacing was the main factor in the interception amount of winter wheat canopy photosynthetic active radiation. The interception amount of photosynthetic active radiation determined the effective panicle number, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat per unit area, thereby determined the yield of winter wheat. In actual production, taking 3 m×4 m intercropping production model and increase the spacing of jujube trees in the eastern part appropriately could improve the lighting condition within the intercropping system and increase the yield of winter wheat effectively.

  Advances in Cultivar Characteristics for Maize Yield Improving 2016, 32 (15):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100045 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 577KB )   ( 503 ) The average yield per unit area of maize (Zea mays L.) has increased considerably since 1960s, but the consumption demand also increases year by year. Therefore, as one of the most important food crops in the world, it is imperative to tap the high yield potential of maize. Variety breeding has great contribution to maize yield. To provide a theoretical basis for maize breeding in the future, this paper analyzed the structure and function indexes of maize cultivars based on summing up previous researches. The results are as follows: (1) ear height or ear ratio (ear height/plant height), and the angle between stem and leaf significantly decrease, but leaf area, green leaf duration increase with the improvement of maize cultivars; (2) compared with old cultivars, new cultivars have more light transmittance, less extinction coefficient in canopy, and have lower lodging rate, higher dry matter accumulation rate and harvest index; (3) although the selection traits are different between domestic and foreign varieties in breeding, the traits of maize cultivars are generally optimized. Based on the above analysis, it is proposed that in future maize breeding, the highlights should be on the cultivars’resistance to disease, insect and grass as well as high planting density.

  Physiological Effect of Seed Manure on No-tillage and Precision Sowing Summer Maize 2016, 32 (15):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100104 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 499KB )   ( 404 ) The aim was to explore the effect of seed manure on no-tilling and precision sowing summer maize. Two field tests with five treatments (NPK, NP, NK, PK and CK) of seed manure were conducted to determine the physiological parameters and yield index in 2013. Under the treatment of NPK seed manure, the seedling quality, root dry weight, root volume, root number, leaf Pn and SPAD were all the best, thus reduced the bald tip of maize ear length, increased the maize ear length, ear row number, row grain number, and 1000 kernel weight. The yield of NPK treatment increased by 4.52%, 6.06%, 13.21% and 29.05% in comparing with that of treatment NP, NK, PK, CK, respectively. The yield-increasing effect of NPK treatment was greater than that of the other fertilizer combinations. Seed manure affected seeding effect of no- tilling and precision sowing summer maize. At the same time, N, P and K were essential nutrients of seed manure for no-till and precision sowing summer maize.

  Effect of Waterlogging During Grain Filling on Grain Yield and Quality of Waxy Maize 2016, 32 (15):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020102 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 718KB )   ( 403 ) Grain filling stage is the key stage for maize yield and quality formation and this stage suffer waterlogging frequently during summer in South China. The effects of waterlogging during early grain developmental stages (1–7 d after pollination) on grain yield and quality of waxy maize were studied using six varieties as test materials. Results indicated that waterlogging decrease grain number and weight, result in yield loss. Waterlogging decrease starch and soluble sugar contents but increase protein content of grains. Waterlogging also reduce flour peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity of all varieties except Nongkeyu301. Trough, final, and setback viscosities in response to waterlogging were variety dependent. Waterlogging did not affect pasting and gelatinization temperatures. Furthermore, waterlogging decrease gelatinization enthalpy of Wannuo5 and Meiyu16, but this parameter was not affect in other varieties. By contrast, waterlogging increase retrogradation enthalpy and retrogradation percentage of all the varieties except Meiyu16, this yield similar results under the two conditions. In conclusion, waterlogging after pollination decrease the grain yield and deteriorate the grain quality (present as low viscosity and high retrograde).

  Effect of Drought Stress on Seed Germination and Seeding Growth and Development of‘Datong 34’Millet 2016, 32 (15):  55-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110006 Abstract + ( 765 )   PDF ( 494KB )   ( 397 ) In order to study the minimum water demand and the tolerance to drought stress of millet seed emergency, PEG solution (with water potential gradient of 0 to - 0.50 MPa) was used in drought stress simulation tests, the change of seed germination ability and the minimum water demand of‘Datong 34’were studied. The results showed that seed germination ability was inhibited through the restriction of available water assimilation, the germination potential decreased with the increase of osmotic potential, which were mainly shown as the accumulated germination rate, water absorption rate and germination stress index decreased with the increase of stress strength, while the radical bud ratio increased. Under the treatment of -0.5 MPa PEG 6000, the difference of drought tolerance index was the most significant, so this concentration could be used in the identification of drought tolerance of millet.

  Advances in Sugarbeet Heterosis 2016, 32 (15):  59-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110036 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 483KB )   ( 443 ) The heterosis utilization is an effective way to increase crop yield and quality.In the early 20th century, heterosis was mainly explained with dominant hypothesis and superdominance hypothesis .With the development of modern biology, heterosis phenomenon was researched more deeply. New insights of genetic basis of heterosis in sugarbeet at home and abroad were summarized from four aspects, such as the effect of active gene and heterosis, genetic distance and heterosis, genetic linkage map construction and heterosis quantitative trait loci (QTL) and heterosis. The current research progress of heterosis utilization in sugarbeet were reviewed from Breeding theory of heterosis, male sterile line (MS), the breeding of inbred lines, and the breeding of sugarbeet varieties of male sterility, etc. The research direction of heterosis breeding in sugarbeet in the future was prospected in the end.

  Effect of Boron Stress on Leaf Structure and Properties of Sugar Beet 2016, 32 (15):  64-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090078 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 496KB )   ( 553 ) In order to clarify the influence mechanism of boron on sugar beet leaf, provide theoretical basis for boron application in practice and production, the experiment was conducted under water culture condition to study the effect on boron level、leaf structure and properties of suagr beet under different boron treatments. Sugar beet seed HI0099 was selected as experimental material. Four nutrition concentrations of boron were set: very deficiency (T1, 0.05 mg/L), deficiency (T2,0.5 mg/L), normal (T3, 2.0 mg/L), excessive toxicity (T4, 30.0 mg/L).The results showed that: boron content increased as boron level improving. In boron stress condition, the chlorophyll content、net photosynthetic rate and leaf transpiration rate were all decreased. whereas intercellular CO2 concentration first decreased and then increased in boron deficient condition, in boron toxic condition it remains rising level. Boron stress increased the thickness of leaf、palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. However, boron toxicity decreased the thickness of upper and lower epidermis. The results showed that boron stress changed the boron level and leaf structure, decreased leaf property in some degree. Thus, applying boron fertilizer reasonably to improve leaf structure and photosynthetic characteristics has important practical significance in sugar beet production.

  Effects of Seasonal Cultivation of Common Buckwheat‘Mudanqiao’on Its Yield 2016, 32 (15):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100061 Abstract + ( 654 )   PDF ( 643KB )   ( 458 ) The growth and reproduction of common buckwheat are affected by many environmental factors. Seasonal variations of temperature, sunlight and water supply obviously affect the yields. In order to reveal the suitable sowing periods in different geographical areas of Shanxi Province and to investigate the effect of different sowing dates on major yield traits of common buckwheat, we planted‘Mudanqiao’in different seasons, and recorded the sowing date, maturity date, growth period and measured the height of plant, nodes of main stem, grain weight per plant, weight of one thousand grains, yield per plot, etc. Furthermore, we set up the regression equation by mathematical statistics. Our results showed that the growth and reproduction of ‘Mudanqiao’were not sensitive to sunlight and water, but they were greatly affected by the temperature in different seasons. The higher the average temperature from seedling to flowering was, the shorter the growth period was and the fewer the branches of main stem were, meanwhile, the weight per plant and yield per plot were increased. Buckwheat would grow fast like other crops when the temperature went up in the stage of sowing to seedling. The most suitable temperature in the filling stage was between 18-22℃, and the most suitable sowing date was from July 7 to 20 in Taiyuan area of Shanxi Province.

  Fertilization Effect and Nutrients Absorption of Red Kidney Bean in Dry and Cold Area 2016, 32 (15):  73-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020042 Abstract + ( 649 )   PDF ( 513KB )   ( 589 ) In this study, a “3414” experiment of red kidney bean had been arranged on a representative soil type in dry and cold area. The results showed that the yields of the fertilization treatments were significantly higher than those of the treatments without fertilization, The yields and output-input ratio of the N2P1K1treatment was the highest. The red kidney bean yield increment rates by the application of N, P and K fertilizer were separately 16.4%、8.6% and 12.7%,and the effects on the yield was N > K > P. Under the condition of this experiment，the fitting results of the developed quadratic equations in three variables showed that the application amounts of N, P2O5 and K2O for the economic optimum yield were 99.0, 140.6 and 108.0 kg/hm2.At the growing stage of red kidney bean, the soil was middle fertility and the contribution of land capability reached 75.7%. Balanced fertilization could promote the absorption of N, P and K of red kidney bean.

  Research Progress of Nitrogen Deposition Effect on Fine Root Dynamic and Morphological Characteristics 2016, 32 (15):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100039 Abstract + ( 777 )   PDF ( 529KB )   ( 548 ) The purpose of this review is to summarize previous researches and limitation of the past research, and point out the research direction of N deposition effect on fine root. Based on previous research results, this paper summarized the N deposition effect on the fine root dynamic and morphological characteristics, and ecosystem C cycle. With detailed analysis of the current situation of global N deposition, the authors found an increasing trend of N deposition year by year. The responses of fine root dynamic (fine root turnover and respiration) and morphological characteristics (fine root length, diameter, biomass, tissue chemistry) to the N deposition were analyzed. These studies provided certain evidence about N deposition effect on fine root dynamic and morphological characteristics, and had significance to future comprehensive research on fine root.

  Counter-measures of Drought Physiology Response in Plant 2016, 32 (15):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100074 Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 495KB )   ( 1358 ) Drought is one of the most important factors affecting plant growth. Strategies of plant drought response have always been a hot spot in drought tolerance physiology research. This paper reviewed the plant response mechanism under drought stress involving transcriptional regulation of drought resistant gene, osmotic adjustment, reactive oxygen species scavenging, protect enzymes and morphological structures. Some advices for further studies on plant drought tolerance were provided, combining the transcriptomics and proteomics methods to investigate the mechanism of plant drought resistance, and strengthen the research on the effect of the complex stress of drought and other environmental factors on plant growth and development.

  Effect of Drought Stress on SOD Activity and MDA Content of Spring Soybean 2016, 32 (15):  93-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110011 Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 580KB )   ( 705 ) Soybean is one of the most sensitive to water in legume crops. Clearing the effect of drought stress on leaf physiological characteristics of soybean is an important theoretical and practical significance for better managing water .This test measured the leaf SOD activity and MDA content at different growth stages under the condition of drought stress and consequent re-watering, choosing the drought-resistant variety(Heinong 44) and the sensitive variety(Heinong 65) as materials. The results suggested that SOD activity initially increased and then decreased with increasing water stress , further the rate of increase was that the flowering stage >the seedling stage >the filling stage .SOD activity of Heionng 44 is significantly stronger than Heinong 65 . Increasing drought stress MDA content initially increased. The rate of increase was that the seedling stage >the flowering stage >the filling stage and the MDA content of Heinong 44 obviously lower than Heinong 65. After re-watering,SOD activity and MDA content of both cultivars gradually decreased approaching the control treatment. Whereas re-watering at seeding stage was better for MDA content to recover than at flowering stage.MDA content can’t recover when re-watering at filling stage.

  Salt, Acid and Alkali Resistance of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) 2016, 32 (15):  98-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090132 Abstract + ( 684 )   PDF ( 572KB )   ( 474 ) [object, method] In order to obtain the high resistance rhizohia strain, We isolated four stains rhizohia from the root of trifolium repens L at different locations of hubei university of arts and science to study the resistance on the salt, acide and alkali. [result] The results showed that the three stains rhizobia in salt concentration up to 60g/L NaCl of TY medium can growth. Another strain has very high resistance for NaCl, it can be normal growth in 100g/L NaCl TY medium. Four rhizobium strains both can growth normally in pH 1～12 TY medium. [conclusion] This shows that the symbiotic rhizobia with trifolium repens has strong resistance against stress, and lay the foundation for development of the high resistance of bacterial fertilizer.

  Changes of Endogenous Hormones Contents During Hybrid Rice Seed Production 2016, 32 (15):  102-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010156 Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 605KB )   ( 434 ) Pre-harvest sprouting causes huge economic losses to food production. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of phytohormone contents in hybrid rice during pre-harvest sprouting. HPLC methods were employed to analyze phytohormones content in this paper. Two different hybrid rice, including ‘Y Liangyou 1’ (hybrid parent is R9311×Y58S) and ‘II You 416’ (hybrid parents to R416×Ⅱ-32A), were used as the material. The results indicated that the seed germination rate of ‘Y Liangyou 1’ was much higher than ‘II You 416’. The endogenous hormone (IAA, GA1 ZR and ABA) content changes were investigated in pollination seed during15 d to 27 d. The results showed that the contents of endogenous hormone IAA and ZR, GA1 in ‘Y Liangyou 1’ is higher than that in ‘II You 416’, but ABA content is lesser than ‘II You 416’, and the ratio of GA1/ABA in ‘Y Liangyou 1’ Grain Endogenous is greater than ‘II You 416’. The content of phytohormones GA1, ABA and the ratio of GA1/ABA are most important reasons for pre-harvest sprouting during hybrid rice seed production process.

  Advances in Genomic Selection and Its Application in Plants 2016, 32 (15):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110089 Abstract + ( 878 )   PDF ( 415KB )   ( 2425 ) To promote the application of genomic selection in plant breeding, this paper summarized the principle and methods of genomic selection, analyzed statistical methods for genomic selection breeding, pointed out influencing factors and challenges of genomic selection, and discussed prospects of genomic selection in molecular breeding research. It is believed that the genomic selection would play an important role in plant breeding with the reduction of cost for genotype analysis and the development of statistical methods.

  Correlation Between Genetic Distance of Sorghum Parent Lines and Heterosis 2016, 32 (15):  112-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110030 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 536KB )   ( 467 ) In order to reveal the genetic distance of sorghum parents on DNA level and its correlation with heterosis, the genetic distances of 11 sorghum parent lines were calculated by the method of microsatellite molecular marker technology, and the heterosis of plant height, ear length, spike wide, stem diameter, grain weight, thousand seed weight of 10 coeno-species were measured. The results showed that the genetic distance data among 11 materials were 0.208 to 0.574 with the average of 0.431. The correlation analysis showed that the heterosis index of the grain weight was significantly and positively correlated with the genetic distance values with the correlation coefficient of 0.830 of 10 coeno- species, the correlation coefficient of other characters was small. However, because of the lack of test combination in this study, which could not entirely corresponded to parents, the correlation between the genetic distance of parent lines and heterosis needed to be further studied.

  Effects of Dredged Sludge Field Application on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Rice (Oryza. sativa L.) 郭 智, and 2016, 32 (15):  117-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080122 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 863KB )   ( 389 ) The paper aims to explore an effective way for agricultural resource utilization of polluted river dredged sludge. A field experiment was conducted taking the dredged sludge from polluted rivers as the research object, and two levels of nitrogen application (120 kg/hm2 and 240 kg/hm2) were arranged to study the effects of dredged sludge application on rice nitrogen (N) concentration, uptake, allocation and use efficiency at different growth stages. The results showed that: (1) dredged sludge increased N concentration and N accumulation in rice plant over the season significantly; (2) dredged sludge significantly improved nitrogen allocation proportions in stems, but obviously decreased that in leaves and spikes of rice after the heading stage; (3) dredged sludge significantly decreased nitrogen-use efficiency for biomass (NUEp) over the season and grain yield (NUEg) at grain maturity, but there had no significant effect on the nitrogen harvest index (NHI); (4) the effect of interactions between dredged sludge×N was not observed for N uptake and utilization at most growth stages of rice. Finally, dredged sludge increased N concentration and N accumulation, but decreased NUEp and NUEg at most growth stages of rice.

  Effect of Biochar on Heavy Metal Cd Fraction in Greenhouse Field 2016, 32 (15):  125-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110051 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 597KB )   ( 605 ) Heavy metal pollution of greenhouse soils are of great concern. In order to find out the application effects of biochar on heavy metal Cd in greenhouse soil, three levels of biochar, B0 (0 t/ha), B10 (10 t/ha), B20 (20 t/ha), were designed. The effects of biochar on Cd bioavailability, fractions, and uptake of metals by lettuce plants in metal-contaminated greenhouse soils were studied. Results showed that the application of biochar increased soil pH and soil organic matter, and changed Cd fractions in the soil. There was a greater decrease in the exchangeable Cd fractions but an increase in the oxide- and organic-bound and residual fractions with the application of biochar. The rates of Cd immobilized in soil increased with the amount of biochar applied. The exchangeable Cd fractions in soils amended with B10 decreased by 45–62% and in soils amended with B20 by 66–89% compared with the control. In addition, the addition of biochar had better effect on Cd immobilization in the low heavy-metal-contaminated soils than in the high heavy-metal-contaminated soils. Therefore, the application of biochar could change Cd fraction of greenhouse soil, reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil, but had no effect when in heavily polluted Cd greenhouse soil.

  Effect of Different Fertilizations on Carbon and Labile Organic Matter in Black Soil 2016, 32 (15):  130-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110099 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 462KB )   ( 470 ) In this study, the effects of long-term different fertilizations on black soil carbon and labile organic matter were studied in a background of special natural conditions of the northeast black soil region, in order to find out the ideal proportions between organic manure and chemical fertilizer and provide reference for soil improvement in the black soil region. The results showed that each fertilizer treatment played positive role in the accumulation of total carbon, organic carbon and labile organic matter (LOM) in black soil. Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment (NPK), the treatment of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer obtained the best result. In the combined application treatment, there was no obvious relationship between organic manure application amount and the contents of total carbon, organic carbon and LOM.

  Effect of Different Configurations of Ammopiptanthus on Soil Wind Erosion 2016, 32 (15):  134-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050122 Abstract + ( 689 )   PDF ( 870KB )   ( 397 ) The authors aimed at the problem of declination and low effect of current wind prevention and sand fixation system, flow field characteristics of single Ammopiptanthus and windbreak characteristics of different configurations were studied by the method of artificial simulation based on the biological properties of Ammopiptanthus. The results show that: (1) single Ammopiptanthus had no significant effect on the wind speed reduction on both sides, wind speed would be significantly reduced when the wind crossed the plant, and the reduction rate could reach 59.77%, there was a bradytelic calm zone in the leeward side within the scope of 1-3 H, and at 7 H the, the wind speed was equal to that in the wilderness, which formed the wake zone; (2) single Ammopiptanthus had similar effect on sand collection and speed; (3) the indproof efficiency of line configuration was the best, then was that of uniformity and the windproof efficiency of ondemond was the lowest. Sand transport rates of the three configurations all declined within the margin of 5 H in the forest, and the declination was obvious within the margin of 1, 3 H in the forest.

  Different Ratios of Organic Base Fertilizer Applied With Compound Fertilizer: Effect on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Seedlings Under Mulch 2016, 32 (15):  139-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110110 Abstract + ( 627 )   PDF ( 518KB )   ( 520 ) In order to conduct scientific fertilization on flue-cured tobacco seedlings under mulch, the effect of different base fertilizer ratios of organic applied with compound fertilizer on plant growth, tobacco yield and interior quality was studied by field experiment. The results showed that: (1) the development process, agronomic traits and SPAD of the treatment of 70 kg organic base fertilizer applied with 20 kg compound fertilizer were relatively better than that of others; (2) compared with conventional fertilization, organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer could increase yield and economic value to different degrees, and the treatment of 70 kg organic base fertilizer had better result; (3) the treatment of 70 and 52.5 kg organic base fertilizer had better leaf weight and leaf area; (4) potassium, nicotine, nitrogen, chlorine content and nitrogenalkali ratio had no significant difference among different treatments, while the total sugar content and reducing sugar content of combined application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer were higher than that of conventional fertilization. To sum up, the fertilization adjustment had obvious improving effect, and the treatment of 70 kg organic base fertilizer with combined application of compound fertilizer was the best. The results showed that flue- cured tobacco seedlings transplantation under mulch had different fertilization requirements from that under conventional transplantation, and the fertilization scheme should be adjust.

  Characteristics and Variation Trend of Precipitation in Guinan Region of Gonghe Basin 2016, 32 (15):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110126 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 853KB )   ( 499 ) The paper aims to grasp the change rules of atmospheric precipitation in Guinan region of Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province, and provide a reference for rational utilization of precipitation resource. Based on the monthly precipitation data from Guinan weather station from 1961 to 2010, the variation characteristics and trend of precipitation in Guinan region were analyzed. The changes were examined by methods of Mannkendall test and moving t-test. The results indicated that the precipitation had a weak increasing trend in recent 50 years, the spring precipitation and winter precipitation had clear mutation points in 1963 and 1971, the annual precipitation began to decline from 1976, but ascended from 2004, the spring precipitation, summer precipitation and the flood period precipitation had a clear rise in 1982, 2002 and 2004.

  Twelve Consecutive Peaks of Rice Yield in Changzhou: Contribution of Meteorological Condition 2016, 32 (15):  150-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020074 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 870KB )   ( 472 ) The paper aims to study the effect of meteorological conditions on twelve consecutive peaks of rice yield in Changzhou. The authors used statistical analysis, literature consulting and SPSS software to comprehensively analyze the suitability degree of meteorological elements, the degrees of agrometeorological disasters and meteorological contributions to rice yield by rice growth indexes based on data of annual rice yield and meteorological observation from 2003 to 2014. The results showed that: (1) in general, the meteorological elements were suitable for rice growth during these years, the day number of accumulated temperature above 0℃ was more and the day number of sunshine duration was less than annual mean value, but the low degree percentages of sunshine duration were greater than -15% in 90.9% of the years, meanwhile, compared with annual mean, rainfall was less in half of the years, normally, the condition with more rain in jointing to booting stage and less rain in heading to maturity stage was beneficial to high rice production; (2) the influence of agrometeorological disasters was slight during these years, according to the warning threshold of agrometeorological disasters during rice growth, it was found that mild degree of meteorological disaster accounted for the majority, while moderate and heavy degree had an increasing tendency in jointing to booting stage; (3) 3 fitting models, including linear equation, quadratic term equation and three term equation all showed that the meteorological production in most years was a positive contribution to the actual rice yield. Thus, the contribution of meteorological conditions to rice yield in Changzhou was positive among the twelve years with the highest rice yield.

  Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry Measurement of Catalase Activity in Maize 2016, 32 (15):  159-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020031 Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 669KB )   ( 765 ) In order to simply and rapidly measure catalase (CAT) activity in plant and explore the correlation between CAT activity and time variation, ultraviolet spectrophotometry was applied to compare the time course of the decomposition of H2O2 catalyzed by CAT in four different reaction systems. The results showed that the decomposed reaction of H2O2 catalyzed by CAT accorded with the first order reaction in a certain substrate concentration. So the constant value of rate K could be represented the activity of CAT. Compared with other reaction solutions, 0.03% H2O2 had such advantages as simple preparation, low cost and could get the best time course in the measurement, so it was the optimum reaction solution of CAT activity measurement.

  Pathogenic Fungi on Avena fatua L. in Wheat Field of Henan Province 赵杏利,,,高双成 and 侯典云 2016, 32 (15):  166-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100069 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 528KB )   ( 1040 ) In order to understand the types of pathogenic fungi on wild oats (Avena fatua L.) in Henan Province and provide basic information for the utilization of pathogenic fungal resources on weeds and the development of microbial herbicides, samples were isolated by tissue isolation method. The isolates were identified by morphological observation and alignments of rDNA ITS sequence, and the pathogenicity of some isolates was tested by artificial inoculation. A total of 17 species of 9 genera were identified among 157 strains isolated from 81 samples. Among the 28 strains for pathogenicity detection, the Curvularia isolate YM1362 showed strong pathogenicity for the tested weeds, but no pathogenicity for cotton, soybean, peanut and other plants. The results indicated that the main pathogenic fungi on wild oats belonged to Alternaria, Curvularia, Bipolaris and Exserohilum; and the isolate YM1362 had the potential for developing biological herbicides for preventing Poaceae weed in dicotyledon field.

  Composition and Diversity of Insect Communities in Flax Fields of Guyuan 2016, 32 (15):  171-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120108 Abstract + ( 605 )   PDF ( 562KB )   ( 671 ) To understand the composition and diversity of insect communities in flax fields in Guyuan, consider pest control in community level, and provide a reference for pest integrated management, insect species and numbers in Touying Town and Zhanngyi Town in Guyuan flax fields were investigated by sweeping method. The results showed that there were 59 species of insects which were belonged to 35 families, 9 orders, including 43 species of pests (27 families , 7 orders) and 16 species of pests (9 families, 5 orders). The dominant pests were Yamaphis yamana Chang, Adelphocoris lineolatus, Phytomyza atricornis and Odontothrips loti. The natural enemy insects were mainly Adonia variegata, Harmonia axyridis and Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder. The number of insect species in Touying was more than that in Zhangyi, and reached the maximum at full bloom stage. Community characteristic index of flax field in high altitude was more than that in low altitude in Touying, indicating that community characteristic index in Touying might be related to altitude. Community characteristic index of Zhangyi was relative stable, and might be related to flax growth condition and environment. The similarity coefficients of insect communities of the villages in Touying showed differences. Similarity coefficients of Zhangyi was greater than that of Touying, meaning that the relationship of insect community in Zhangyi was more closer. This study obtained some basic data of the composition of insect communities in flax fields in Guyuan, analyzed the differences in different areas, and provided basis for pest control and scientific management.

  Sprinkling Irrigation for Cash Crop in Hilly Area 2016, 32 (15):  178-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100115 Abstract + ( 732 )   PDF ( 480KB )   ( 452 ) The application of sprinkling irrigation to cash crop in hilly areas is beneficial to the steady development of water-saving agriculture in China and agricultural restructuring in undeveloped regions. In order to solve the problem of agricultural water resource shortage in China, the authors analyzed the development of sprinkling irrigation technology and equipment at home and abroad, elaborated the research process of sprinkling irrigation in hilly areas in China, emphasized the key points in sprinkling irrigation design and proposed development directions for the technology. In conclusion, sprinkling irrigation in hilly areas has a broad application prospect, a sprinkling irrigation system combining power equipment, pressure flow regulating pipe, low pressure nozzle, fertilization device and intelligent control equipment is suitable in hilly areas.

  Temperature Control and Simulation Analysis of Hot Blast Stove Based on PID Algorithm 2016, 32 (15):  182-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010015 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 588KB )   ( 472 ) The study aims to satisfy the stability requirement of dry hot air temperature and wind speed during the dry period of the crop honeysuckle. To solve the problems of inaccurate air temperature setting and instability of the outlet air temperature of the hot air stove, a control system based on STM32 as the core processor and the fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm is designed, and the parameters are adjusted by the fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm. Using Matlab language to build the model, simulation analysis of the whole control system is conducted, the results show that the stability of the outlet air temperature can reach more than 95%, the research method to improve the performance of the control system is conducive to the quality and efficiency of crop drying.

  Effect of Different Monitoring and Sampling Intervals on Crop Model Performance 2016, 32 (15):  187-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110042 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 804KB )   ( 530 ) In order to obtain the impact of different monitoring and sampling intervals on crop model performance, and avoid the subjectivity and randomness in the existing research and application, the transpiration rate and CO2 exchange rate of tomato leaf were modeled by two common methods with three kinds of sampling intervals, then the prediction error of these models were compared. The results showed that the prediction errors of transpiration rate model and CO2 exchange rate model were different respectively with the sampling intervals of 15, 30 and 60 minutes, the prediction ability of the GA-BP neural network model was generally superior to the pure quadratic regression model, but the conclusions were consistent, showing that the most appropriate sampling interval was 30 minutes for transpiration rate model and 15 minutes for CO2 exchange rate model respectively. The results of this study provided the basis for the setting of monitoring and sampling intervals, the selection of experimental data and the application of the modeling methods, which was of great significance for the research and application of crop model.

  Drought Risk Zoning of Hilly Area in Central Sichuan Province Based on GIS ——A Case Study of Suining, Sichuan 2016, 32 (15):  193-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110121 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 3048KB )   ( 544 ) Based on daily air temperature and precipitation data from 1959 to 2010, local economy, population, farmland and the recent 10 years’ disaster survey, the author analyzed the climate, geography and social economy that would affect the forming of drought. By applying of weighted composite method and risk index method, the auhtor established a related evaluation model and finished the zoning map by making use of GIS. The zoning results suggested that: the drought risk index of Suining City was 0.42-1.24, whose feature was that the north part was higher than the south part. The high risk parts were mainly the most part of Shehong and central Pengxi to eatern Chuanshan. And around major rivers and reservoirs like Fujiang River, Qijiang River, Qiongiang River, Zhixihe River, Zijiang River and Chichenghu Lake were the low risk parts. According to the evaluation results and the real facts in Suining City, the author put forward 3 strategies to resist drought and reduce disaster in the purpose of providing a reference for further upgrading the drought resisitance and disaster reduction capacity of hilly areas.

  Empirical Study on Tilapia Breeding Willingness and Its Influencing Factors——A Survey of 263 Farmers in Major Tilapia Producing Areas of China 2016, 32 (15):  199-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100006 Abstract + ( 565 )   PDF ( 587KB )   ( 637 ) In order to study the willingness of tilapia breeding and its influencing factors, based on the survey of 263 farmers in major tilapia producing areas of China, an empirical analysis was conducted using Logit model. The results showed that a variety of factors affected the willingness, among which the risk propensity, breeding years, sales of tilapia, relevant training, participation in industrial management organization and the promotion and subsidies by local government had positive effects on the willingness of tilapia breeding, while the breeding area of tilapia had a negative effect. To enhance the willingness of tilapia breeding, the government of the major tilapia producing areas should strengthen policy support, such as carrying out a rational production distribution and plan, advocating scientific and healthy ecological breeding mode and so on.