Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.14 Published:17 May 2016

  Germination Characteristics of Alfalfa Under Salt Stress and Its Salt Tolerance Su Ailian,Liu Zixue,Wang Haiting and Wang Yuedong 2016, 32 (14):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110122 Abstract + ( 1188 )   PDF ( 1670KB )   ( 640 ) In order to clarify the seed germination characteristics of alfalfa under salt stress and salt tolerance in seed germination stage, provide salt-tolerant varieties for the improvement of soil salinization and enhance the utilization rate of saline and alkaline soil, five alfalfa varieties were used as materials, the effect of different concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%) on the main seed germination characteristics, including germination rate, germination energy, seedling height, root length, were studied. The results showed that the main seed germination characteristics were greatly affected by salt stress. With the increase of NaCl concentration, germination rate and germination energy decreased significantly, and seedling height and root length shortened significantly. The influence of high concentration NaCl on seed germination characteristics was particularly noticeable. Different alfalfa varieties showed significant differences among different salt concentrations. Germination energy and germination rate were significantly different among different alfalfa varieties, while seedling height and root length were not significantly different among different varieties. Considering both individual index and comprehensive index of salt tolerance, under the condition of this experiment, the order of salt tolerance of alfalfa varieties was ‘Magnum salt’>‘Zhongmu No.1’>‘Victoria’ > ‘Ameristand 201T’ > ‘Phabulous’.

  Effect of Drought Stress on Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Alfalfa Varieties Aygul Abduwayit,Wang Zheng,Muhtar Zari and Qiman Yunus 2016, 32 (14):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110133 Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 481 ) To provide a theoretical basis for the scientific development of alfalfa industry in arid area, three alfalfa varieties, ‘Longdong’, ‘Daye’ and ‘Argangjin’ were used as test materials. Biomass, root-crown ratio, the percentage of dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were tested under different drought stresses by pot-cultivation experiment. The results showed that with the decrease of relative soil water content, net photosynthetic rate of three alfalfa varieties decreased slowly, ‘Argangjin’ could maintain a relatively higher net photosynthetic rate than ‘Longdong’ and ‘Daye’, and expressed better potential photosynthetic capacity. The total biomass of the three alfalfa varieties reduced, the decrease extent of ‘Daye’ was the lowest, and it still maintained relatively higher total biomass. Root-crown ratio and the percentage of dry matter accumulation of ‘Longdong’ and ‘Argangjin’ increased with the decrease of relative soil water content, and were extremely and significantly higher than that of ‘Daye’. Along with the increasing degree of drought stress, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid and the Chla/Chlb value of ‘Daye’ increased. In conclusion, ‘Daye’ has the highest biomass, while ‘Argangjin’ has the strongest drought resistance.

  Expression of GlyCAM-1 in Uterus of Artificially Induced Oestrous Sheep Xiong Shanhui,Ni Hemin,Qi Xiaolong,Chang Di,Zhu Boyang,Sheng Xihui,Liu Yunhai and Guo Yong 2016, 32 (14):  13-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010024 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 930KB )   ( 371 ) To investigate the changes in the expression of GlyCAM-1 in uterus of oestrous sheep which was artificially induced, expression changes of GlyCAM-1 on the 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th and 18th day after sheep oestrus were detected respectively by Real-Time PCR and Western blot. The results of Real-Time PCR showed that mRNA of sheep GlyCAM-1 increased on the 10th day, decreased on the 14th and 16th day, but increased again on the 18th day, which were in accordance with the results of protein expression detected by Western blot. Protein of 34 kD was detected by this method with specific antiserum. The transcriptional and expressional level of GlyCAM-1 on the 10th day was significantly higher than that of the other days (P<0.05). In addition, GlyCAM-1 mRNA expression on the 12th day reduced significantly (P<0.05), and then remained relatively constant, but significantly increased on the 18th day. There were no significant difference of protein expression among the 12th, 14th and 16th day (P>0.05), but there were significant differences among the other days (P<0.05). Protein expression of the 18th day increased significantly (P<0.05). Thus it could be concluded that during the 10th-18th day after sheep oestrus, the transcriptional and expressional level of GlyCAM-1 presented a decrease-increase trend.

  Isolation and Characterization of Escherichia coli Strain from Egg-laying Chickens with Salpingitis Zhu Chunhua,Huang Yu,Liu Binqiong,Chen Zhen and Chen Cuiteng 2016, 32 (14):  17-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120143 Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 582 ) A bacterial strain (FQ-180) was isolated from one layer flock in Fujian in 2015. To study its biological characteristics, after preliminary purification, Gram′s staining and electron microscope observation, the strain was primarily identified to be Escherichia coli. The antigen analysis showed that the serotype of the strain was O78. The strain showed highly sensitivity to four kinds of common antibiotics including amoxicillin, florfenicol, cefalexin and cefazolin. Specified genomic 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR, and the segment length was about 1470 bp, which indicated that the isolated strain was Escherichia coli.

  Comparison of Pollination Behavior of Different Honey Bees in Pear Garden 2016, 32 (14):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100055 Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 2072KB )   ( 461 ) In order to screen out the optimum hoeny bee for pear pollination, the pollinating behavior of nine species or subspecies were compared in Pyrus bretschneideri‘Dangshansuli’garden. The temperature of foraging and first returning with pollen, foraging capacity for pear pollen and proportion of pear pollen in all the pollen were researched. The results showed that the temperature when Apis cerana cerana began to forage was 8.2℃, which was lower than that of Apis mellifera (9.2-10℃). The temperature when Apis mellifera‘Kaqian Black Ring Bee’returned with pollen was 11℃, which was the lowest, and all the bees were able to return with pollen at the temperature of 11- 13.9℃. Apis mellifera‘Kaqian Black Ring Bee’and Apis mellifera carnica collected 7.3 and 8.1 g pollen respectively in an hour, and the proportion and the weight of pear pollen they collected were larger than that of others . So Apis mellifera‘Kaqian Black Ring Bee’ and Apis mellifera carnica were excellent for pear pollination with coldness adaptability and strong capacity.

  Houttuynia cordata Thunb Cultivation on Floating Bed Affecting Water Quality of GIFT Tilapia Aquaculture Pond Zheng Yao,Bing Xuwen,Fan Limin,Qiu Liping,Song Chao,Meng Shunlong,Hu Gengdong,Wu Wei,Xu Pao and Chen Jiazhang 2016, 32 (14):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010025 Abstract + ( 975 )   PDF ( 2692KB )   ( 820 ) In order to study the purification effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb cultivation on floating bed (0, 5%, 10% and 15% planting area) on water quality of intensive aquaculture ponds of GIFT tilapia, contents of the main water quality indexes including ammonium nitrogen (NH4 -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and CODMn were measured. The results showed that the content of NO3--N decreased, and leaded to the increase of NH4 -N (except for 5% planting area) and NO2--N in the treatment groups in July and August. The removal rate of the treatment groups on the five indexes was 3%-38%. And 5% planting area of H. cordata Thunb was suitable for GIFT tilapia aquaculture ponds. The leaf and rhizome yield of H. cordata Thunb was 112.4, 1619.2 kg/hm2, respectively in the 5% treatment group. Houttuynia cordata Thunb cultivated on floating bed would take 0.38 g/m2 TN and 0.06 g/m2 TP away in the 5% treatment group. And the total weight of tilapia and biological indicators (except for body weight) were improved significantly compared with those in the control group and other treatments, while the survival rate and feed coefficient had no significant difference.

  Karyotype of Cyprinus carpio in Dongping Lake Lu Hong,Meng Qinglei and Yang Ling 2016, 32 (14):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110157 Abstract + ( 582 )   PDF ( 1012KB )   ( 436 ) To understand the genetic composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Dongping Lake and provide basic data in cytogenetics for exploration, protection and appropriate utilization of its germplasm resources, karyotype of carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Dongping Lake was studied. PHA and colchicines were injected into head-kidneys and then the chromosome samples were prepared by air-drying technique. The results showed that the chromosome number of Cyprinus carpio in Dongping Lake was 2n=100; the karyotype formula was 2n=20m 38sm 20st 22t. The total number of chromosome arms (NF) was 158. Compared with the karyotype of other fishes in Cyprinus, it was concluded that Cyprinus carpio in Dongping Lake was a more evolutionary group among fishes in Cyprinus.

  Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns: Advances in Epigenetics and Its Application Wang Jie,Xu Youxin,Diao Qiyu and Zhang Naifeng 2016, 32 (14):  37-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100062 Abstract + ( 1228 )   PDF ( 551KB )   ( 1089 ) To clarify the application of epigenetics in the process of human disease development, research content of epigenetics was reviewed. Then the molecular regulation mechanism of DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNA in the process of related diseases including cancer, alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, and diabetes and other human diseases were reviewed. The results will help to further understand the pathogenesis of related diseases and its molecular regulation mechanism.

  Effect of NPR1 Gene from Arabidopsis pumila on Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance Pei Juan,Ou Xiuling,Li Feng,Kong Dezhen,Wang Kun,Yi Xiaolong,Zhu Jianbo and Wang Aiying 2016, 32 (14):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120034 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 2087KB )   ( 361 ) The aim is to study the effect of the third intron in Arabidopsis pumila’s NPR1 gene on gene expression. Arabidopsis pumila NPR1 gene was cloned with the third intron, plant expression vector of NPR1 gene was constructed and Arabidopsis thaliana were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. After being induced 12 h with 5 mmol/L exogenous salicylic acid, the expression of the pathogenesis-related protein was detected with Real-time PCR. The results showed that the expression of NPR1, PR-1, PR-2, PR-5 in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana was higher than those of the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, the SOD and POD activities significantly decreased in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, while the CAT activity did not increase significantly. The results showed that when the gene Ap.NPR1 containing the third intron was transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana, the transgenic plants systemic acquired resistance pathway was inhibited, and the plant disease resistance was reduced, which indicated that the third intron inhibited the gene expression of the systemic acquired resistance pathway.

  Cloning of Cysteine Protease Gene PtCP3 and Its Prokaryotic Expression in Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray Yao Xiaoyun,Zhang Qiang,Han Jingyi,Wang Ying,Cao Shan,Jiang Luyao,Li Lihong,Li Hui and Lu Hai 2016, 32 (14):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010111 Abstract + ( 705 )   PDF ( 2752KB )   ( 409 ) The objective was to study the enzymatic characteristics and physiological functions of PtCP3 gene of cysteine protease. PtCP3 gene cloning and prokaryotic expression analysis were conducted. The cysteine protease gene PtCP3 was cloned from Populus trichocarpa in this research. PtCP3 was constructed into the expression vector pMD-18T and then constructed the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a-PtCP3. The recombinant protein was induced and expressed in Escherichia coli successfully. The target protein was purified by washing method on inclusion body. The sequencing results showed that the full-length CDS sequence of PtCP3 was 1074 bp, and contained the conservative catalytic sites of papain and the conservative structural domain of cathepsin B. The sequence analysis showed that cysteine protease gene PtCP3 encoded 357 amino acids, and predicted N-terminus hydrophobic region containing a signal peptide with 27 amino acid residues. The protease getting rid of signal peptide was 36.515 kDa, and the isoelectric point was 7.44. The SDS-PAGE showed that the target band with 42 kDa molecular weight was obtained. The high-express and single recombinant protein PtCP3 was obtained by washing method on inclusion body.

  Function of Plant U-box Protein in Plant Innate Immunity and Its Research Progress Dai Shuyuan,Li Wei,Ren Zuohua and Liu Erming 2016, 32 (14):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020097 Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 534KB )   ( 642 ) To analyze the function and mechanism of plant U-box protein in plant innate immunity, the U-box structure characteristic and the difference between U-box and RING-finger domain were introduced in this review. Moreover, the classification of U-box protein and classification characteristics were summarized. In addition, the functions and mechanism of U-box protein, such as SPL11, PUB12/PUB13 and PUB17, in regulating plant PTI signaling transduction were reviewed in this paper. Similarly, the functions and mechanism of U-box protein, such as ACRE276, PUB17, CMPG1 and MAC3A/MAC3B, in regulating plant ETI signaling transduction were also reviewed. Based on this review, the structure characteristics and biochemical functions of plant U-box protein, functions and mechanism of U-box protein in plant innate immunity were clarified. In addition, the research on plant U-box protein provides gene resources and reference information for plant resistance molecular breeding.

  Advances in Trehalose Biosynthesis Pathways and Application of Molecular Biology Technique Gong Tao,Liu Dehai,Wang Jiwen,Yang Wenling and Xie Fuhong 2016, 32 (14):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120111 Abstract + ( 1278 )   PDF ( 1196KB )   ( 1696 ) This paper aims to provide better guidance for the construction of trehalose-producing recombinant strains to further improve the yield of trehalose. Research progresses of trehalose biosynthesis pathways and the application of molecular biology technique in trehalose study in recent 30 years, especially the last 10 years, are reviewed. Results show that there are 5 pathways of trehalose synthesis. Although enzymes and genes of trehalose synthesis have been isolated and genetic engineering strains have increased gradually, the improvement of trehalose yield is still inadequate because most recombinant strains are limited to study the physicochemical properties of single enzyme. With the development of modern biological technology, especially the rapid development of DNA recombinant technology, metagenomics and synthetic biology, high expression of heterologous trehalose in recombinant strains will become a hot research topic in the future.

  Dynamic Temporal Pattern of Dominant Population of Pests and Natural Enemies in Spring Cotton Field in Southwestern Anhui Province Li Shuying,Zhu Jiabao,Lu Xianyong,Cui Jinjie,Ma Yan,Luo Junyu and Cheng Furu 2016, 32 (14):  68-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120098 Abstract + ( 696 )   PDF ( 2831KB )   ( 351 ) In order to explore the interaction and competitive coexistence mechanism between pest and natural enemy populations, the dynamic temporal pattern, niche breadth and overlap of pest and natural enemy populations in cotton field were systematically investigated by direct observation. The results showed that dominant species of pest and natural enemy were different in different growth duration of spring cotton. The peak period mostly occurred in June and July. The peak periods of Aphis gossypii Glover and Empoasca biguttula were in late May and late September, respectively. Different populations had distinct temporal niches. For pests, niche breadth of cotton mirids was the largest, followed by Helicoverpa armigera, and Empoasca biguttula and Tetranychus cinnatarinus had relatively smaller niche breadth. For natural enemies, niche breadth of arachnid in cotton field was the largest, followed by Orius minutes, and Scymnus hoffmanni had relatively smaller niche breadth. While Scymnus hoffmanni and other coccinellid species had large niche overlap with Aphis gossypii Glover and Tetranychus cinnatarinus. Thus, it was deduced that coccinellid species could be applied to control Aphis gossypii Glover and Tetranychus cinnatarinus, and natural enemies such as spiders should be protected and exploited. Helicoverpa armigera and cotton mirids should be the key species to be controlled in direct-seeding spring cotton fields in southwest Anhui Province.

  List of Tree Woodborers in Southeastern Edge of Mu Us Sandy Land Li Gang,Yan Xiongfei,Liu Yonghua,Mi Yamei and Yao Donghua 2016, 32 (14):  75-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100132 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 466KB )   ( 372 ) The aims were to clarify the species of woodborer in the southeastern edge of Mu Us Sandy Land and the damage to the host, and then provide basic data for ecological control of woodborer in this region. From March 2011 to April 2015, a systematic research on the borer pests in the southeastern edge of Mu Us Sand Land was carried out by means of field investigation, artificial capture, traps and other methods. The results showed that there were 26 species, belonging to 8 families, 3 orders. Among all the species of woodborers, there were 17 species of coleopterous pests, accounted for 65.4% of the total species number, 8 species of lepidopterous pests, accounted for 30.8% of the total species number, and 1 species of hymenopterous pests, accounted for 3.8% of the total species number. The woodborer species in the southeastern edge of Mu Us Sand Land were mainly Coleoptera and Lepidoptera.

  Four Host Trees Affecting Detoxification Enzymes Activities in Adult Anoplophora glabripennis Yan Xiongfei,Wan Tao and Liu Yonghua 2016, 32 (14):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120044 Abstract + ( 679 )   PDF ( 1513KB )   ( 622 ) In order to explain physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the increasing host range of Anoplophora glabripennis and develop sustainable control measures, activities of five kinds of detoxification enzymes in A. glabripennis fed on Acer negundo (AN), Betula platyphylla (BP), Populus euphratica (PE), and Fraxinus chinensis (FC) were measured. The detoxification enzymes were carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase(GSTs), acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase. The results showed that carboxylesterase activity of beetles fed on AN and BP was significantly higher than those fed on PE and FC (P<0.05). Glutathione S-transferase activity of beetles fed on BP was significantly higher than those fed on other 3 host trees (P<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity of beetles fed on AN was significantly higher than those fed on PE and FC (P<0.05). The results indicated that the host trees had significant effect on the activities of carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of acid phosphatase of beetles fed on the four kinds of host trees were not significant (P>0.05). The similar results were also found on polyphenol oxidase. These results indicated that the host plant had little effect on activities of acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase.

  Pathotype Analysis of Magnaporthe oryzae in Luoping and Tengchong of Yunnan Province Chu Jin,He Pengfei,Zhao Zhenglong,Wu Yixin,He Pengjie and He Yueqiu 2016, 32 (14):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120039 Abstract + ( 740 )   PDF ( 509KB )   ( 374 ) To clarify the components of Magnaporthe oryzae in southeastern and western Yunnan Province, 295 single spore isolates collected from the nurseries in Luoping and Tengchong counties in 2012 and 2013 were inoculated to three sets of single-isogenic lines (SILs) including LTH, CO39 and IRBL, with seedling spraying method. The pathotypes were determined. The results showed that 295 isolates could be classified into 79 pathotypes, among which, there were 48 pathotypes with 32 special types in Luoping and 47 pathotypes with 31 special types in Tengchong. There were only 16 pathotypes shared in the two nurseries, accounted for 5.42%. The infected frequencies of the cultivars with Pi-9(t), Pi-2(t) or Pi-12(t) blast-resistance genes were 10.13%, 11.39% and 11.39%, indicating that those genes would be useful in blast-resistant breeding.

  Research Progress of Fusarium Stalk Rot in Sorghum Huang Minjia 2016, 32 (14):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120091 Abstract + ( 698 )   PDF ( 544KB )   ( 506 ) In many countries, Fusarium stalk rot is the most damaging fungal disease of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Fusarium colonizes the seedling root first, then infects stalk and cause disease during the post-flowering stage. Degradation of the pith tissue at or near the base of the stalk characterizes this disease. The number and size of the seed per plant reduce, which would cause the production reduction. Under severe conditions, the disease results in complete decomposition of root and stalk tissues and leads to lodging. This article focuses on the causal organism, disease symptom and loss, infection process, screening methods for identifying resistant lines, the genetic basis for host resistance such as SNP tags for resistance genes, and integrated control approaches, in order to select resistant varieties and provide technical support for the sustainable development of sorghum industry.

  Effect of Four Pesticides on Controlling Autumn Cowpea Greenhouse Whitefly Peng Changjia,Bai Tikun,Ding Pan,Feng Libin,Zhu Cheng,Liu Yixin and Chen Dan 2016, 32 (14):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110141 Abstract + ( 801 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 468 ) In order to mitigate the occurrence and damage of cowpea whitefly, reduce chemical pesticide consumption, residue and environmental pollution, the methods of forecasting, randomized block design and statistical analysis were used in field efficacy trials, to study the control effect of cowpea anthracnose by using chemical pesticides dinotefuran, acetamiprid, pymetrozine, and bio-pesticide avermectin. The results showed that after applying 1.85% avermectin EC 375 g, 20% dinotefuran SP 600 g, 5% acetamiprid WP 600 g, and 25% pymetrozine WP 600 g (control pesticide) per hm2 once every 5-8 days, and 3 times continuously under serious autumn occurrence of greenhouse whitefly, the control efficacy was 90.9%, 97.0%, 88.0%, 93.9% respectively on the 7th day after the pesticides application; 97.4%, 92.1%, 84.2%, 89.4% respectively on the 14th day after the pesticides application; and 95.6%, 86.7%, 82.2%, 84.5%, respectively on the 20th day after the pesticides application. The control effects among avermectin, acetamiprid and pymetrozine were not significantly different, while the effects of avermectin and pymetrozine were significantly higher than that of acetamiprid on the 7th day. The control effects among avermectin, dinotefuran and pymetrozine were not significantly different, while significantly higher than that of acetamiprid on the 14th day. The control effect of avermectin was significantly higher than that of dinotefuran, acetamiprid and pymetrozine on the 20th day. Meanwhile, the control effect of avermectin was slightly lower, higher and much higher than that of dinotefuran on the 7th, 14th, 20th day respectively after the treatment. These results indicated that the four pesticides, especially bio-pesticide avermectin, were ideal pesticides, which could not only be used for controlling cowpea whitefly, but also realize modern, green, organic and ecological agricultural production.

  Control Effects of Different Medicaments on Stem-nematode Disease of Purple Sweetpotato Wang Xiaoli,Wang Ping,Huang Gang,Wang Hong,Shen Xueshan, and Li Honghao 2016, 32 (14):  101-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090102 Abstract + ( 634 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 373 ) In order to research the effects of different medicaments under field conditions on ‘Jiheishu 1’ and ‘Nanzi 014’ in 2013 and 2014, the authors compared the control effects of 30% phoxim capsule, 5% aldicarb granules and 5% terbufos granules. The results showed that from a comprehensive assessment of the diseased tuber number, the rate of disease, the disease index and fresh root yield, applying 30% phoxim capsule 7.5 mL/m2 had the best control effect on the stem-nematodes disease, in addition, phoxim capsule accorded with green agriculture, thus, it had certain values of popularization and application.

  Difference of Soil Macropore Structure Scanned by Medical CT and Industrial CT Liu Yong,Hu Xia,Li Zongchao and Sun Zhenting 2016, 32 (14):  106-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120003 Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 2273KB )   ( 681 ) In order to explore the difference between medical CT and industrial CT in their application to soil macropore structure scanning, the original state soil sample under bush cinquefoil from Qinghai was scanned by medical CT and industrial CT, the quality of faultage image, three-dimensional image of macropore and macropore structure were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the quality of industrial CT faultage image was higher than that of medical CT; (2) three-dimensional images of the two kinds of CT treatments were similar, but industrial CT image could reflect the distribution of soil macropore in different soil layers more clearly; (3) the porosity of the two kinds of CT treatment images had the same tendency with the increase of soil depth, but industrial CT could reflect deeper soil porosity more accurately. Appropriate CT treatment could be chosen according to different requirements.

  Effects of Different Fertilization Systems on Environment Quality of Paddy Soil Wang Fei,Qin Fangjin,Wu Danya and Qi Lin 2016, 32 (14):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110093 Abstract + ( 651 )   PDF ( 2063KB )   ( 472 ) The effects of organic and biogas slurry fertilizer from pig manure of a large scale farm on paddy soil pH, Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, As, Cu and Zn content and environment quality were studied based on data from a 4-year location test of different fertilization systems. The results showed that the application of organic and biogas slurry fertilizer regulated soil pH, the regulation effect of organic fertilizer on acid was better than that of biogas slurry fertilizer, and the regulate effect of high amount organic fertilizer on acid was better than that of medium amount organic fertilizer. The application of organic and biogas slurry fertilizer had no obvious effect on soil Cd, Cr, As, Hg, Pb and Ni content, but the accumulation of Cu and Zn was obvious. In terms of the influence on soil environment quality, the application of organic and biogas slurry fertilizer had more effect than that of chemical fertilizer, the pollution of Cu and Zn in soil could be caused by 4-year application of organic fertilizer with the application amount of 22500 kg/hm2 per year. The pollution might be in an alert range when organic fertilizer application amount was 11250 kg/hm2 or biogas slurry fertilizer application amount was 225 000~ 450000 kg/hm2. The recommended application amount was organic fertilizer 11250 kg/hm2 and biogas slurry fertilizer 450000 kg/hm2, and consecutive application in the same field should be avoided.

  Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Biochar on Soil Nutrient Accumulation and Utilization and Chinese Cabbage Yield in Dryland Zhao Yiyi,Zhang Yuping,Liu Qiang,Rong Xiangmin,Xie Yong and Chen Hongri 2016, 32 (14):  119-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110113 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 720KB )   ( 501 ) In order to investigate the impact of organic fertilizer and biochar on dryland crop plantation and environment, a long-term field plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer with biochar on the change of soil nutrients, Chinese cabbage yield and quality and fertilizer utilization rate. The results showed that compared with chemical fertilization treatment, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer with biochar effectively increased the content of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium, available phosphorus and organic matter by 0.52%, 1.46%, 0.44%, 19.65%, 1.58% and 30.31%, respectively. The utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus was increased by 195.35% and 307.3%. The contents of soluble sugar and amino acid in Chinese cabbage increased by 15.42% and 26.24%, and the yield increased by 74.37%. Therefore, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer with biochar could effectively increase soil nutrient content, increase the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the aboveground part and improve the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage.

  Security Early Warning of Cadmium in Non-Environmental Pollution Vegetable Soil in Hebei Plain 2016, 32 (14):  126-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120062 Abstract + ( 1310 )   PDF ( 3151KB )   ( 321 ) Security early warning of heavy metal in non-environmental pollution vegetable soil in Hebei Plain for the coming 20 years was carried out by synthetic research methods of field survey, chemical examination in lab and GIS. The results showed that atmospheric wet and dry deposition were the most important exogenesis input way of Cd in vegetable soil in Hebei Plain, and its contribution accounted for 66.36%. The sequence of output fluxes of Cd was root vegetables> leaf vegetables> fruit vegetables. The forecasting data of Cd accumulation in the non-environmental pollution vegetable soil in Hebei Plain 20 years later would conform to the national standard (the People’s Republic of China Safety qualification for agricultural product-environmental requirements for origin of non-environmental pollution vegetable GB/T 18407.1—2001), the content of Cd in the surface soil 20 years later would be 1.6 times as much as that of present, accumulated by the speed of 30% every decade. Areas with obviously cumulative quantity increase would concentrate in the central and eastern regions in Hebei. Moreover, the content of Cd in soil without greenhouse would be 3.7 times as much as that in greenhouse. To sum up, Cd in soil from atmospheric wet and dry deposition in Hebei Plain would potentially threaten the non-environmental pollution vegetable areas, therefore we should carry out strict and dynamic monitoring and pollution source control. Furthermore, the regional layout of different vegetable planting patterns (open field vegetables or greenhouse vegetables) should be optimized according to the cumulative quantity increase.

  Content and Distribution of Effective Mn and the Influencing Factors in Jiangyong Tobacco Soil Zhou Tian,Dai Linjian,Chen Wu,Yang Su and Deng Jie 2016, 32 (14):  133-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120161 Abstract + ( 635 )   PDF ( 1499KB )   ( 480 ) 104 tobacco soil samples were collected from Chengguan, Songbai, Taochuang, Yunshan and Xiacengpu to study the the content of effective Mn in soil and its influencing factors, in order to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of Jiangyong tobacco soil and the sustainable development of tobacco industry. The results showed that: the content of effective Mn in Jiangyong tobacco soil was moderate, the average value was 19.56 mg/kg, ranged from 3.80 to 93.80 mg/kg, and the variable coefficient was 93.30%, the proportion of effective Mn in appropriate range was 49.04%. The content of available Mn in soil decreased with the increase of soil pH, organic matter, total phosphorus and total nitrogen content, and organic matter content had the greatest influence on the content of effective Mn.

  Soil Enzyme Activity of Haloxylon Ammondendron and Tamarix Chinensis Forest Land in Ebinur Lake Region during Snow Melting Period 楚新正 and 2016, 32 (14):  138-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120157 Abstract + ( 699 )   PDF ( 1389KB )   ( 543 ) As a specific period with soil freeze-thaw action, the snow melting period brings important influences to soil enzyme activity. In order to deeply learn about soil ecological processes of major dominant species in dry desert areas during the snow melting period, outdoor field observation, sampling and indoor analysis were carried out to 2 typical desert forest lands in Ebinur Lake Region in March, 2013. Research results show that ① as for soil physical and chemical characteristics in Haloxylon ammondendron forest lands and Tamarix chinensis forest lands, the total salt content continuously decreased along with the increase of soil layer depth, while all the other physical and chemical factors gathered in a small scope and then decreased obviously in shallow layers (5-20 cm); ② with regard to changes of soil enzyme activity, the activity of catalase and protease varied regularly with increase of soil layer depth, wherein the urease activity in surface layer (0-5 cm) and relatively deep layer (20-40 cm) of Tamarix chinensis forest lands exceeded that of Haloxylon ammondendron forest lands, the activity of sucrose in surface layer (0-5 cm) of Tamarix chinensis forest lands exceeded that of Haloxylon ammondendron forest lands, and the soil enzyme activity in shallow layer (5-20 cm) and relatively deep layer (20-40 cm) of Haloxylon ammondendron forest lands exceeded that of Tamarix chinensis forest lands; ③ the quantity sequence of 3 major microorganisms in 2 types of desert forest lands is bacteria＞fungus＞actinomycetes, wherein bacteria and actinomycetes played a dominant role, which indicates that bacteria still have strong activity in March with a low temperature and are still the major microorganism type in soil.

  Influence of Soil pH on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents ofLeymus chinensis in Western Jilin Province Xu Mengyao,Zhang Xin,Su Kanjian,Du Meng,Feng Shuo and Li Yuefen 2016, 32 (14):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020028 Abstract + ( 719 )   PDF ( 1985KB )   ( 388 ) Based on the theory of ecological stoichiometry, this paper chose Leymus chinensis collected from saline-alkaline grassland in western Jilin Province as the study object and studied the influence of different degrees of saline-alkaline grassland on nitrogen and phosphorus contents and their ratio in different organs of Leymus chinensis. The results showed that with the increase of soil pH value, nitrogen and phosphorus contents decreased wholly. The contents suddenly increased to the peak in the medium saline-alkali grassland (pH 9.16-9.35), and then the nitrogen content declined while the phosphorus content increased. The N/P values of root, stem and leaf all declined to the minimum value in medium and severe saline-alkali grassland. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the aboveground part were higher than that of the underground part. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents of Leymus chinensis declined with the increase of soil pH value, but the change was not obvious. Thus, the ability of Leymus chinensis’ resistance to saline-alkaline grassland was quite remarkable and it could be the dominant grass for the reconstruction of saline-alkaline grassland in western Jilin Province.

  Effect of Different Corn Tillage Managements on Soil Moisture and Economic Benefit in Northwestern Shanxi Ma Jun,Liu Shuang and Liu Yong 2016, 32 (14):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020064 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 3835KB )   ( 340 ) The paper aims to make recommendations on suitable tillage managements through experiments in northwestern Shanxi. Based on measurement and analysis of soil bulk density, field capacity, saturated water content, profile soil water content and maize production, the authors studied the effect of different tillage managements on soil physical properties and economic benefits of corn. The results showed that: compared with conventional tillage (CT), NTS significantly reduced the soil bulk density in 0-5 cm soil depth. To some extent, CTF and CTA treatment could reduce the soil bulk density as well. NTS could increase 0-10 cm soil field capacity, CTA had a stabilizing effect on the field capacity variations. However, the field capacity under CTF was relatively low. Similarly, saturated water contents under different tillage treatments had similar changes as the field capacity, NTS had the best saturated and water-holding capacity, whereas the CTF had the worst capacity. The soil water contents in 10-50 cm soil depth under CTF and CTA were higher than those under other tillage managements. The soil water content under NTS was more stable in the whole corn growing season than those under other tillage managements. The economic benefits followed the order: CTF>CTA>CT>NTS. The study showed that CTA process might be used as a more appropriate farming method in northwestern Shanxi for long-term study.

  Variation Characteristics of Arid Farmland Soil Moisture in Spring and Autumn in Guide, Qinghai Ji Shangma and Guo Lianyun 2016, 32 (14):  159-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110123 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 2858KB )   ( 351 ) The variation characteristics of 0-30 cm soil moisture in Guide, Qinghai were analyzed based on the arid farmland soil moisture data of Guide weather bureau from 2002 to 2014. The results showed that soil moisture of 0-30 cm layer in arid farmland decreased significantly in spring during 2002 to 2014, but it showed an insignificant increasing trend in autumn, interannual variation was obvious. Soil moisture content in each soil layer followed the same change rule, but the variation amplitude of autumn was higher than that of spring. The highest and lowest soil moisture content of 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layer presented in late September and early March, while the highest and lowest soil moisture content of 20-30 cm layer presented in early October and mid-April. Since 2000, the spring air temperature rose significantly, but the precipitation had no apparent change, while the average autumn temperature increase was not obvious, but the precipitation increased significantly. This climate trend was consistent to the conclusion that the soil moisture content decreased year by year in spring and increased year by year in autumn.

  Variation Characteristics of Air Temperature in Winter of Liaoning During Recent 53 Years Xi Du,Yin Xiaoru,Li Yang and Li Xinze 2016, 32 (14):  164-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010005 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 2412KB )   ( 691 ) Based on mean air temperature data in winter of Liaoning from 1961 to 2014 from 53 observational stations, using T-test and M-K test, maximum entropy spectrum and wavelet analysis methods, the variation characteristics of mean air temperature in winter of Liaoning from 1961 to 2013 were analyzed. The results indicated that: mean air temperature in winter of Liaoning was linearly increasing in recent 53 years. The warming trend which coordinated with global warming was very obvious. But people should notice that in recent years, temperature in winter of Liaoning was abnormally low. The mutation of mean air temperature in winter of Liaoning from 1961 to 2013 occurred in 1985 to 1986, after which the air temperature went up evidently. Its cycle periods were 3 to 5 years and 17 years. The variation characteristics of temperature in winter in Liaoning were slightly different between new and old data.

  A Sensibility Experiment of Different Cumulus Parameterization and Microphysics Schemes on Rainstorm Forecast in Southern Shanxi Dong Chunqing,Zhao Guixiang,Yan Hui,Guo Yuanyuan and Li Qingqing 2016, 32 (14):  169-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020029 Abstract + ( 1045 )   PDF ( 5018KB )   ( 394 ) Based on WRF (Weather Research and Forecast system) mesoscale model, a heavy rainfall during July 29-30, 2007 in southern Shanxi was simulated, and numerical sensitive experiments were carried out to evaluate 3 cumulus parameterization schemes and 4 microphysics schemes. The precipitation forecast with different schemes was experimented contrastively and verified, and a preliminary evaluation was presented with regard to each scheme. The results indicated that: there were obvious differences in fine domain’s simulated precipitation location when different cumulus parameterization schemes were used in the coarse domain, and the belt distribution and intensity of the simulated precipitation by GF cumulus scheme was closer to the fact than others. TS score of simulated strong rainfall could be improved by 0.19 with the appropriate cumulus scheme. Different microphysics schemes had a significant influence on the simulated position, intensity and dispersibility of heavy rainfall center, and WDM6 microphysics scheme had strong capacity than others to simulate this heavy rainfall. Further research demonstrated that the increase of mass variables in the microphysics scheme could modify the numerical rainfall prediction performance, and double-moment microphysical schemes including number variables performed better in simulated precipitation, especially in the TS score of heavy rain.

  Design and Test of Picking Device in Cotton Harvester Li Jian,Quan Lazhen,Zou Yunmei,Yin Yiwen,He Xueying and Xiao Xu 2016, 32 (14):  176-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010114 Abstract + ( 675 )   PDF ( 3097KB )   ( 327 ) A picking device was designed for mini self-propelled cotton harvester with multi-finger. It was composed of ten groups of chains which were installed with tooth pieces and distributed according to certain roles, and the picking device was unidirectional rotated by driving the sprocket-chain system. The single factor experiment and multi-factor orthogonal experiment were conducted to investigate the influence of the length of tooth piece, tooth piece arrangement on the chain, the rotary speed of toothed chain and forward speed of the picking device on the picking rate, impurity rate and loss rate of the picking device. The results showed that when the tooth pieces were symmetrically mounted on the chain with equal intervals, the length of tooth piece was 22 mm, the rotary speed of toothed chain was 100 r/min and the forward speed of the picking device was 0.3 m/s, the picking rate was 89.74%, which was the maximum, and the impurity rate and loss rate were 10.32%, 6.24%, respectively, which were the minimum.

  Design and Experiment of Fluid Dynamic Ultrasonic Water Aerator Li Xu,Pei Yi,Yao Bangsong,Xiao Ying and Tang Rong 2016, 32 (14):  183-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010138 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 1309KB )   ( 507 ) In order to increase the efficiency of aerator, based on the theory of Venturi and fluid dynamic ultrasonic generator, the inlet pipe segment, throat pipe segment and reed whistle where ultrasonic generated of water aerator were designed. And a preliminary study on the effect of the device on dissolved oxygen was conducted. The results showed that the dissolved oxygen was 7.94 mg/L using the designed device after the aeration process, exceeded the saturation value of dissolved oxygen (7.82 mg/L) at the current water temperature and reached the super saturation. Therefore, the device has a good prospect in wastewater treatment, aquaculture and plant irrigation.

  Seedling Dialing out Device on Transplanting Machine for Blanket Rapeseed 2016, 32 (14):  187-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020077 Abstract + ( 606 )   PDF ( 1761KB )   ( 378 ) Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and high labor intensity of 2ZY-4 type rape transplanting machine, an automatic seedling dialing out device for blanket rapeseed is designed. The single factor and multi-factor orthogonal experiments are carried out on the basic factors including the seedling angle, water content of substrate and rotational speed, to study their influence on injury seedling rate and failure rate. The results of single factor experiment showed that the device could meet the agricultural requirements when the seedling angle was 55°-65°, the rotational speed was 50-60 r/min, and the water content of substrate was 26.38%-28.56%. The results of multi-factor orthogonal experiment showed that the seedling angle had the biggest influence on the injury seedling rate, followed by the rotational speed and the water content of substrate. And the seedling angle had the biggest influence on the failure rate, followed by the water content of substrate and the rotational speed. When the seedling angle was 64.05°, the rotational speed was 52.62 r/min and the water content of substrate was 26.66%, the injury seedling rate was 5.49% and the failure rate was 11.38%. Therefore, the test shows that the device can meet the agricultural requirements and provide a practical basis for designing a kind of 4-row full-automatic transplanting machine of blanket rapeseed.

  Effect of Drip Tape Distance and Irrigation Amount on Spring Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency Zhao Yan,Wang Fengxin,Zhou Qi,Yang Kaijing and Zhang Youliang 2016, 32 (14):  194-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120040 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 1578KB )   ( 536 ) A field experiment of spring wheat was conducted from March to July in 2015 to find out the optimum irrigation amount and drip tape distance, the effect of three drip tape distances (D1: 60 cm, D2: 90 cm and D3: 120 cm) and three irrigation amount (I1: 35 mm, I2: 45 mm and I3: 55 mm) on spring wheat yield and water use efficiency were studied. The results showed that D1I2 treatment had the highest yield of 8964 kg/hm2. When the drip tape distance was 60 cm or 90 cm, the yield increased significantly when the irrigation amount increased from 35 to 45 mm, while the yield decreased by 9.5% and 2.2% when the irrigation amount was 55 mm. When the irrigation amount was 35 or 45 mm, the yield of D1 treatment was significantly higher than that of D3 treatment; but when the irrigation amount increased to 55mm, the yield of the three drip tape distance treatments had no obvious difference. Water use efficiency ranged from 1.57 to 2.11 kg/m3 and the highest one appeared in D2I2 treatment. Taking yield, irrigation amount, water use efficiency and input of drip tapes into consideration, treatment D2I2 was recommended as the best combination of drip tape distance and irrigation amount in this area.

  Family Farms’ Scale at Home and Abroad Yang Pei,Wang Lei,Zhang Nan and Zhao Haiyan 2016, 32 (14):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120026 Abstract + ( 1175 )   PDF ( 485KB )   ( 3454 ) The development of family farm in China is based on the land contracting management and has achieved great progress in recent years. Agricultural production and operation system should be reformed and innovated, and the new type of agricultural management main body should be developed during the 13th Five Year Plan. The scale development of family farm would be the focus of the academic research. The authors reviewed family farm researches from the aspects of concept and characteristics, and the necessity of family farm development in China was put forward. Based on scale effect, the similarities and differences of family farm scale researches both at home and abroad were compared, essential law of the development of family farm scale operation was explored with consideration to land circulation, and the development trend of family farm at home was discussed.