Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.13 Published:17 May 2016

  Effect of Persistent Drought Stress on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Leaves of Oil Palm 2016, 32 (13):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070155 Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 659KB )   ( 708 ) In order to assess the effect of persistent drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of oil palm, 2-year-old seedlings of oil palm were used as study materials, pot culture was adopted to simulate natural persistent drought. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content were measured. And then the drought resistance was analyzed integrally with the method of subordination function. The results showed that under drought stress, the chlorophyll content, variable fluorescence (Fv), maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence and maximum fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) of oil palm leaf decreased, but the initial fluorescence (F0) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) coefficient increased. This suggested that the photosystemⅡ (PS Ⅱ) was hurt by drought stress, which reduced the original light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) of PS Ⅱ, restrained photosynthetic electron transport and photosynthetic original reaction process, and increased the heat dissipation of protective effect. The changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content of the four varieties were different. The adaptability to drought from high to low was in an order as‘Reyou 6’,‘Reyou 8’,‘Reyou 2’and‘Reyou 4’. Therefore, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content could be used as diagnostic index of drought resistance strength for oil palm drought-resistant breeding and related studies.

  Effect of Foliage Spray on Photosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba L. 2016, 32 (13):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100106 Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 719KB )   ( 436 ) In order to study problems of Ginkgo biloba L poor photosynthesis, seedling growth is weak because of soil nutrient supply shortage in seedling, test to be taken by foliar way supply nutrients for Ginkgo biloba L and that to improve its photosynthetic efficiency and promote growth. 3 years old Ginkgo biloba L seedlings as test materials, set 4 treatment as T1(CK),T2(0.50% urea and 0.50%superphosphate), T3(0.50% urea and 0.50% KH2PO4),T4(0.50% urea and 0.50% KH2PO4, 0.10% trace elements), field experiment design, repeat 3 times. The results show that: The Ginkgo biloba L net photosynthetic efficiency different in different Month, then the influence of different with different types of fertilizer on net photosynthetic rate, the net photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than the control which in T4 treatment throughout the trial period; foliage spray can can improve transpiration rate which in Ginkgo biloba L leaf, T3 and T4 was significant difference with the control, there was no significant difference between T3 and T4; T4 treatment stomatal conductance is always at the highest value when in addition to July and that it was significant difference compared with the control,T3 treatment was followed, T2 treatments on Ginkgo biloba L stomatal conductance effect was not significant; intercellular CO2 concentration which T4 treatment was in the lowest value when in July and that it was significantly lower than the control; foliage spray can influences water use efficiency which in Ginkgo biloba L. Comprehensive analysis that T4 treatment to improve Ginkgo biloba L photosynthetic efficiency best.

  Research Progress of Drought Resistance Mechanisms and Breeding of Camellia sinensis 2016, 32 (13):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090047 Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 481KB )   ( 3049 ) Camellia sinensis originates in southwest China, and lives in warm and humid climate conditions. Water plays an important role in the growth of tea plant. In this article, the research progress of drought resistance mechanisms of Camellia sinensis, including the change of physiological and biochemical substances and the molecular-level, were reviewed. The breeding of Camellia sinensis under drought condition was also discussed. According to the research status of molecular biology, some suggestions for the existing problems were put forward. Firstly, more resistant genes and drought resistance mechanisms should be explored by means of functional genomics research techniques; secondly, the transgenic engineering research of tea should be strengthened.

  Scenic Beauty of Forest Plants in Urban Parks of Guangzhou 2016, 32 (13):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110056 Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 851KB )   ( 680 ) To improve the quality of overall urban area and human settlement environment, 10 representative plant communities in Yuexiu Park in Guangzhou were selected to conduct an evaluation on landscape aesthetic quality using scenic beauty estimation (SBE). Multiple linear regression method was used to establish the quantitative regression model between scenic beauty and plant community structure, then key elements of landscape beauty degree were analyzed. The results showed that Ficus microcarpa Bombax malabaricum colored shrubs, Trachycarpus fortunei ground cover community had high scores of scenic beauty. The key elements affecting the degree of scenic beauty included plant morphological characteristic, grass coverage, shade effect, etc. Promoting the diversity of local tree species and other plants will be a feasible way to improve the plant landscape of urban park.

  Effects of Magnesium Fertilizer Application Amount on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Panzhihua Yu Wei,Zhang Zongjin,Pang Liangyu,Hu Jianxin,Guan Yu and Yao Li 2016, 32 (13):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110059 Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 480KB )   ( 545 ) To establish the application standard of magnesium fertilizer in Panzhihua tobacco planting areas, a field experiment was conducted, and the effect of magnesium fertilizer on tobacco leave yield and quality was studied. The results showed that: (1) the application of magnesium fertilizer had no effect on tobacco at the resettle stage, on the contrary, significant effect was observed at the topping stage, and with the increasing of the magnesium fertilizer amount, the tobacco growth performance was also improved; (2) when the amount of magnesium fertilizer was within 75 kg/hm2, the total tobacco leave yield, quality, and the ratio of mid-high grade leave all increased with the increasing application of magnesium fertilizer, while when the amount of magnesium fertilizer was over 75 kg/hm2, all the above related indexes decreased; (3) the results suggested that the application of magnesium fertilizer could contribute to the improvement of tobacco internal quality.

  Intrinsic Chemical Quality of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Longxian 2016, 32 (13):  29-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090127 Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 464KB )   ( 482 ) The intrinsic chemical compositions of nine flue- cured tobacco varieties ‘( LJ986’,‘LJ0110’, ‘2972’,‘Yan’an1’,‘2819’,‘LJ982’,‘CF9010’,‘CF9087’and‘Qinyan96’as the control) were investigated in a field trial to select the flue-cured tobacco varieties suitable for planting in Longxian and met the requirement of high quality flue-cured tobacco varieties for tobacco industry. It was found that intrinsic chemical qualities of different flue- cured tobacco varieties had different adaptabilities to the ecological environment, and the differences were obvious, the individual index score and the synthesis scores of‘2972’, ‘LJ986’and‘LJ982’were higher than that of‘Qinyan96’. Thus,‘2972’,‘LJ986’, and‘LJ982’should be recommended in Longxian..

  Improving Industrial Usability of Upper Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco in Chenzhou 2016, 32 (13):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100076 Abstract + ( 812 )   PDF ( 521KB )   ( 410 ) The yield of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco accounts for 1/3 of the whole tobacco plant. In general, upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco, if they are well ripe, can produce high concentration smoke gas, high quantity aroma and a little irritating smog when they are burned. This kind of upper leaves would become the main raw material for the cigarette industry, significantly increasing the industrial usability and greatly improving cigarette raw material supplying structure. In this paper, the main ecological conditions for the sustainable development of tobacco production area in Chenzhou were analyzed, including the climatic characteristics, main climatic factors and climatic adaptability. The cultivation technical measures for the sustainable development of flue- cured tobacco production were discussed. The problems, such as early flowering, continuous cropping obstacle, and unreal mature forced by high temperature, low mature degree, which affected usability of upper leaves of flue cured tobacco in Chenzhou, were given a general review. The measures to improve the industrial usability of upper leaves were put forward.

  Simulation Modeling of Highland Radish Phenophase Based on Vernalization Effect 2016, 32 (13):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090030 Abstract + ( 896 )   PDF ( 655KB )   ( 508 ) In order to avoid the reduction of radish edibility and commodification caused by bolting, it’s necessary to forecast the bolting period of radish. According to Vernalization effect of radish, field experiments and micro-climate observations at different sowing dates were made from 2009 to 2013 on two radish varieties: ‘Duanye 13’and‘Xuedan 1’, with different altitudes at 400, 800, 1200,1600 and 1800 m in southwest Hubei highland areas. By the intervention of temperature thermal effects, vernalization effect and photoperiod sensitivity of crop development rate influence function, mathematical simulation models of the radish bolting stage were established and calibrated. The results showed: for the two radish varieties‘Duanye 13’and ‘Xuedan 1’, the MAE of simulated and measured phenophase days from sowing to bolting were 2.4 and 2.7 d, respectively, and the MAPE were 6.87% and 3.26%, respectively. Compared with other crop growth model, effective accumulated temperature method and integral PAR method, the accuracy was improved by 28% and 14.6%. So the established model can be used to modeling the bolting stage of highland radish better.

  Low Temperature Effects on Growth and Physiological Traits of Chinese Cabbage Seedlings 2016, 32 (13):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030062 Abstract + ( 1078 )   PDF ( 481KB )   ( 577 ) In this paper, the different Chinese cabbage genotypes were compared to study the response to chilling damages. The results may provide some evidences for breeding cabbage with low temperature tolerance in Heilongjiang Province. Chinese cabbage seedlings at three-leaf stage were treated with low temperature in climate chamber for 3 days. The physiological traits and biological yield were measured. In low temperature condition, the biological yield and chlorophyll content of the six varieties decreased. In addition, except ‘Xincuo4’, the soluble protein content of the other five Chinese cabbage varieties was higher than that of control. Except‘KB91-12’, the POD activity of the other five varieties under low temperature treatment was higher than that of control. Considering the cold resistant ability of the cabbage varieties,‘New Beijing 3’was the best. Thus‘New Beijing 3’can be used as one of cold resistance varieties in Heilongjiang Province.

  Study on Temperature Characteristics of Broccoli Seed Germination Using Modeling Approach 朱良其,,, and 何道根 2016, 32 (13):  49-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100111 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 693KB )   ( 423 ) Our objective was to research the broccoli seed germination response to different temperatures. An experiment of broccoli‘Tailv 1’seed germination was conducted under a constant temperature range of 4-38℃. This paper calculated the base temperature, the optimum temperature and the thermal time for seed germination using Logistic function and the thermal time model. The germination rate of‘Tailv 1’under the temperature range from 16℃ to 32℃ was above 93%, which was high. The mean germination time was the longest and the germination potential was 0 under 4℃ and 10℃. The seed germination rate was lower under 38℃ . Broccoli seed germination was significantly inhibited under low and high temperature. The suitable temperature range was 20℃ to 32℃, and the optimum temperature was 32℃. Broccoli seeds of‘Tailv 1’had a basal temperature of 3.98℃ for germination. Seeds of‘Tailv 1’required 22.70℃ · d to reach the seed accumulated germination rate of 50% . Broccoli seed germination time could be predicted by formula t=22.70/(T-3.98), T represented the germination temperature. The quantitative analysis of the temperature requirement of broccoli seed germination using modeling approach is feasible.

  Effect of Different Chemical Substances on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Cucurbita maxima in Plastic Greenhouse 2016, 32 (13):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110095 Abstract + ( 1102 )   PDF ( 509KB )   ( 675 ) In order to achieve a rational state of vegetative and reproductive growth of Cucurbita maxima in plastic greenhouse, the authors tried to use different chemical substances to induce female flowers and control vegetative growth. India pumpkin variety‘Yong’an NO.2’was used as the experimental material, and different chemical substances were applied in pumpkin seedling stage. The results showed that the treatment of Zenggualing and ethephon could dramatically decrease the first female flower node, promote flowering and increase the number of female flowers in the pumpkin seedling stage, 100 mg/L ethephon had the best effect of promoting female flowers. However, paclobutrazol, chlormequat and Zenggualing inhibited the vegetative growth of pumpkin, 500 mg/L paclobutrazol and 200 mg/L chlormequat had the best effect. Meanwhile, Zenggualing (15 g per bag added 3 kg water) had a dual action of promoting female flowers and inhibiting vegetative growth. The results indicated that these four kinds of chemical substances used in the seedling stage of Cucurbita maxima could induce female flowers and control vegetative growth, and be widely applied in agricultural production.

  Influence of Irrigation on Rind Netting Muskmelon Cultivation 2016, 32 (13):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100031 Abstract + ( 729 )   PDF ( 539KB )   ( 399 ) Graceful netting is one of the important quality characteristics of rind netting muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.var. reticulatus Naud.), the formation of nets is closely related with the soil moisture content. In order to improve the netting muskmelon in marketable rate, exploring the suitable irrigating regulation of rind netting muskmelon in Beijing becomes a must. When comparing irrigation guiding by the real-time soil moisture content and by conventional experience, the rind netting muskmelon performed weaker in growth potential and yield, but significantly better in the fruit qualities and marketable rate, which fulfills the needs of high-end market better. In conclusion, the on-demand irrigation showed better. On the other hand, the timing and quantity of irrigation still needs further study.

  Nitrogen Release Characteristics of Two Coated Urea Under Different Growing Media and Their Effect on Melon Growth at Nutrition Stage 2016, 32 (13):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100089 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 567KB )   ( 361 ) In order to explore the adaptability of melon to two kinds of coated urea in different culture media (soil and substrate), using the method of contact fertilization, a pot experiment was conducted to study the release characteristics of sulfur coated urea (SCU) and resin coated urea (ESN) in different media and their effects on the nutritional growth of melon. The results showed that the application of the two kinds of coated urea with the same nutrient level in two kinds of culture media could significantly promote the growth of melon, increase the chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and root activity, and their effects were significantly higher than that of common urea. Comparing the two kinds of coated urea, the nitrogen release rate of ESN at early stage was higher than that of SCU, therefore, the effects of ESN on the growth and physiological index of melon were better than that of SCU. Comparing the two kinds of culture media, the plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and root activity in substrate with two kinds of coated urea were higher than those in soil with two kinds of coated urea.

  Rooting Cultivation Medium for‘Gala’Apple Plantlet and Physiological Effect of SA on Transplanting 2016, 32 (13):  71-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090140 Abstract + ( 983 )   PDF ( 1791KB )   ( 586 ) Because rooting cultivation and transplanting of apple test- tube plantlets is difficult, and the survival rate is low, in this study,‘Gala’apple test-tube plantlets were taken as experiment materials, to investigate the effect of basic culture medium and three kinds of auxin and salicylic acid (SA), including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), on rooting and transplanting survival rate. The results showed that the basic medium, hormone type and concentration obviously influenced the rooting percentage of tube seedlings, 1/2MS was significantly better than the MS culture medium, IAA was superior to the other two kinds of auxins; exogenous SA could significantly increase the transplanting survival rate of tube seedlings and had the concentration effect. Appropriate‘Gala’rooting medium was 1/2MS IAA 0.2 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L salicylic acid treatment could significantly reduce the stomatal opening and significantly improve the survival rate of transplanting.

  Effects of Different Pruning system on growth of juvenile Fuji Apple Tree at dry-farming land of Loess Plateau 2016, 32 (13):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110083 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 516KB )   ( 410 ) In order to select suitable pruning methods for juvenile apple tree with different vigor in dry farming land area, 2-year-old‘Red Fuji’apple trees were took as materials, 2 kinds of pruning methods, which were reserving one lateral branch for every 15 cm (light pruning) and thinning all the lateral branches (heavy pruning), combining with 3 kinds of extension headers pruning techniques including short cut (cut off 1/2 of the extension headers shoot), light short cut (cut off 1/4-1/3 of the extension headers shoot) and no-cut, were carried out on apple trees with different vigor. Then the trunk diameter increase, extension of head growth, the number of branches, branching length, thickness and other indicators which were related with pruning were measured. The result showed that the thinning quantity and extension headers pruning model had significant effect on trunk diameter increase, extension of head growth, the number of branches, branch length and thickness. Heavy pruning with short cut was significantly better than other pruning ways on weak tree for trunk enlargement, increase of lateral branch number and extension of head growth. Light pruning with light short cut was significantly better than other treatments on intermediate tree for trunk enlargement and extension of head growth. Heavy pruning with light short cut or light pruning with no-cut had significant effect on vigorous tree for trunk enlargement, extension growth of the center stem and balanced lateral branches. In dry area, the heavy pruning with short cut was suitable for weak tree of juvenile‘Red Fuji’, and the heavy pruning with nocut of extension head shoot to cultivate spindle tree form was suitable for vigorous tree and intermediate tree of juvenile‘Red Fuji’.

  Flower and Fruit Distribution Characteristics of Different Tree-age Korla Fragrant Pear Trees with Different Tree Shapes 2016, 32 (13):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100003 Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 664KB )   ( 1154 ) To clarify flower and fruit distribution in canopy of Korla fragrant pear tree with different tree shapes and different tree ages, and provide theoretical basis for scientific pruning on Korla fragrant pear tree, the authors used 12, 23, 47 year-old Korla fragrant pear trees (Pyrus brestschneideri Rehd) with different tree shapes (dispersal stratified tree shape and open-center tree shape) as experimental materials, counted and compared their inflorescence flower number, flower number per tree and fruit number and the distribution density in tree canopy. Results showed that: tree shape had no remarkable effect on the inflorescence flower number, but trees of different ages had significant difference in inflorescence flower number, the inflorescence flower number of 12, 23 and 47 year-old Korla fragrant pear trees were 4, 7 and 6, respectively. The flower number and flower distribution density of the dispersal stratified tree shape were higher than that of the open center tree shape, the difference was most obvious in 23 year-old trees, and the difference in 47 year-old tree was not obvious. The fruit setting rate and fruit distribution density of different tree-age Korla fragrant pear trees with the dispersal stratified shape were significantly higher than that with open center tree shape, especially the fruit distribution density of the dispersal stratified tree shape of 12 and 23 year-old trees, which were several times or dozens of times higher than that of the open center tree shape, but the fruit distribution difference between the 2 kinds of tree shapes of 47 year-old trees was not obvious. The dispersal stratified tree shape was the ideal tree shape for Korla fragrant pear in the primary fruit stage and the full fruit stage, but the open center tree shape was recommended for the aging period of Korla fragrant pear tree.

  Research Progress of Exogenous Improvement Technology for Lily Bulb Activity 2016, 32 (13):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010105 Abstract + ( 857 )   PDF ( 565KB )   ( 364 ) In order to improve the systematic study on the activity of lily bulb, the article started the research from the improvement of exogenous technology of bulb activity, including the quality rejuvenation technology, postharvest treatment technology and pre-sowing treatment technology in three aspects. System described the application progress of tissue culture, virus-free, cutting, bulb regeneration, purification and rejuvenation, physical and chemical regulation technology of cold storage treatment and pre-sowing treatment. It was considered that the application of these exogenous technology was influenced by the factors of variety, type, state, environment and treatment, improved effect existed difference. It was suggested that the research and application of improvement of exogenous technology of lily bulb should be based on the basic research of germplasm innovation and bulb activity physiology, to form a research system of more complete quality precision improvement technology of bulb, in order to promote the healthy development of the domestic production of lily bulb.

  Effects of Row Spacing and Planting Density on Photosynthesis, Grain-filling and Yield of Coix Lacryrma-jobi 2016, 32 (13):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020007 Abstract + ( 724 )   PDF ( 611KB )   ( 387 ) In order to provide reference for high-yield cultivation of Coix lacryrma- jobi, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of 2 row-spacing (equidistant row and wide-narrow row) and 4 planting densities (70000, 60000, 50000, 40000 plants/hm2) on photosynthesis, grain-filling and yield of Coix lacryrma-jobi with two factors split plot design. The results showed that: compared with the method of the equidistant row cultivation, the method of wide- narrow row cultivation improved population structure, photosynthetic performance and capacity of grain-filling, and the yield under the 4 planting densities increased by 7.87%, 7.90%, 7.87% and 8.75%, respectively. Planting density had significant effect on the yield of Coix lacryrmajobi. The highest yield (4544.1 and 4901.9 kg/hm2 for equidistant row cultivation and wide- narrow row cultivation) were observed under 50000 plants/hm2. Thus, the best planting density was 50000 plants/hm2, and the method of wide-narrow row cultivation was an effective measure to increase the yield ofCoix lacryrma-jobi .

  Advances in Calcium Signals and Low Temperature Response of Plants 2016, 32 (13):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110146 Abstract + ( 732 )   PDF ( 682KB )   ( 980 ) Calcium signal is an important second messenger with diverse functions in developmental regulation and signal transduction in both animals and plants. In order to further study the molecular details of the connection between calcium signaling molecules and low temperature responses of plants, the authors summed up the structure and function of the calcium transport system and calcium ion receptors, and analyzed some recent research progresses of the calcium signal participating in the response of plants to low temperature from the physiological changes and gene expression. In addition, the calcium transport system, CaM, CMLs, CBLs and CDPKs genes involved in low temperature response of plants were summarized, and their mechanism of action was briefly analyzed. Available evidences show that calcium signal can improve the plant tolerance to cold through different regulatory pathways and this may have important implications in agriculture.

  Effect of Plasma Treating Rice Seeds on Rice Bakanae Disease (Fusarium moniliforme Sheld) Prevention Si Zhaosheng and Wang Zhenlan 2016, 32 (13):  110-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110091 Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 452KB )   ( 478 ) The aim is to explore the preventive effect of plasma treating seed on rice bakanae disease (Fusarium moniliforme Sheld). Four treatments were designed, including treatment 1 with plasma treating seed, treatment 2 and 3 with soaking seed by different concentrations of 25% prochloraz EC, treatment 4 as the blank control. The results showed that the rice roots color of treatment 1 was whiter than that of others, the number of root was 0.8-1.6 more than that of others, and the length of root was 0.3-1.3 cm longer than that of others. Therefore, root system development was accelerated by plasma seed treatment technology for rooting and strong seedling. The control effect of plasma treating seeds on rice bakanae disease was 25% in seed beds, 70.59% in field. Rice yield of the plasma treatment group increased by 13.2% in comparing with that of the control. Rice resistance to bakanae disease was strengthened, but the effect was not very good, so chemical fungicides could not be replaced by plasma seed treatment technology completely. But there was an obvious increase in the yield of rice.

  Toxicity Test of Common Biological Insecticides to 3 Aphids on Chinese Medicinal Herb 2016, 32 (13):  114-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080126 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 478KB )   ( 668 ) To evaluate the toxicity of common biological insecticides and provide theoretical basis for effective control of aphids on Chinese medicinal herb, we conducted toxicity test of 4 biological insecticides (Avermectins, Azadirachtin, Spinetoram and Matrine) to 3 aphids (Semiaphis heraclei, Myzus persicae and Uroleucon gobonis) by dipping method in the laboratory. The results showed that Avermectins was the best to control 3 aphids (LC50 was 9.125 mg/L, 0.730 mg/L and 1.135 mg/L, respectively), followed by Azadirachtin (LC50 was 103.425 mg/L, 2.318 mg/L and 2.483 mg/L, respectively). Meanwhile, Spinetoram and Matrine showed the lowest toxic activity. Therefore, Avermectins and Azadirachtin were excellent pesticides to control 3 aphids on Chinese medicinal herb, and could be popularized and applied after field experiment.

  Interspecific Associations of Dominant Species of Wetland Plant Communities in Dunhuang Yanguan Reserve 2016, 32 (13):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110106 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 767KB )   ( 557 ) The interspecific associations of 16 dominant species of wetland plant communities in Yangguan Nature Reserve of Dunhuang were analyzed by using the χ2-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and cluster analysis, so as to provide scientific basis for the protection, management and restoration of the wetland. The results of multispecies overall association showed that negative correlations existed among the 16 dominant species, which suggested that the community structure was unstable; the interspecific correlations showed that 53 species- pairs had positive associations, while 67 species-pairs had negative associations, and the ratio of positive to negative correlations were 0.79 based on χ2-test; the Spearman’s correlation coefficient test was more sensitive than χ2-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient test reflected there were 52 pairs which had positive correlations, 68 pairs had negative correlations and the positive/negative correlation coefficient ratio was 0.76. The results of the 3 tests showed that most of interspecific associations were not significant, and the negative associations were more than the positive associations, the wetland plant communities in Yangguan Reserve of Dunhuang were relatively fragile, community structure was simple and unstable, and were still under dynamic succession. According to the results of Spearman’s rank correlation, the 16 dominant species were classified into 3 ecological groups. Interspecific association analysis plays an important role in a comprehensive understanding of the relationship among dominant species of wetland plants in nature reserve and provides a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration and plant diversity protection in Yangguan wetland.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Pollution Factors During Biogas Slurry Storage 秦方锦 2016, 32 (13):  125-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110078 Abstract + ( 809 )   PDF ( 526KB )   ( 516 ) In order to achieve a safe application of biogas slurry to farmland, the change rules of organic matter and heavy metal were studied under different storage time in large-scale pig farm, the indexes were analyzed by the method of single-factor pollution index and comprehensive-factor pollution index. The results showed that total pollutants decreased with the increase of storage time, the main pollution factors included 3 kinds of organic pollutants, 5 kinds of heavy metals did not exceed the standard. When the storage time was over 9 days, the biogas slurry could reach the safety level in comprehensive-factor pollution index evaluation, and water dilution was required in the application of biogas slurry. The evaluation results could provide reference for improving the process of biogas engineering.

  Refined Regionalization of Safe Transplanting Dates for Tobacco Growing Area in Hubei Province 2016, 32 (13):  129-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110077 Abstract + ( 731 )   PDF ( 10339KB )   ( 260 ) The paper aims to ensure safe tobacco transplanting in tobacco growing areas of Hubei Province. A reckoning model for predicting the safe transplanting dates of tobacco seedlings in these areas was built by the multivariate regression analysis and the inverse distance weighting (IDW). Then, day sequences of the safe transplanting dates were obtained. Meanwhile, the altitude ranges for different transplanting periods in different transplanting regions were determined by the spatial-overlay technology. The results showed that: in four tobacco-growing areas of Enshi, Yichang, Shiyan and Xiangyang, seedlings should be transplanted: (1) around April 20 in the fields with a respective altitude below 715 km, 538 km, 507 km and 419 km; (2) from April 21 to 30 in the fields with a respective altitude of 715-1013 km, 538-833 km, 507-817 km and 419-720 km; (3) from May 1 to 10 in the fields with a respective altitude of 1013-1312 km, 833-1126 km, 817-1124 km and 720-1021 km; (4) from May 11 to 20 in the fields with a respective altitude of 1312-1606 km, 1126-1420 km, 1124-1432 km and 1021-1325 km; (5) around May 20 in the fields with a respective altitude above 1606 km, 1420 km, 1432 km and 1325 km. The safe transplanting dates obtained from this reckoning model were later than the present ones, which could reduce tobacco production risk caused by early-flowering induced by low temperature and maturity induced by high temperature.

  Effect of Different Continuous Cropping Years on Tobacco-growing Soil ’s Physical and Chemical Properties and Microflora 2016, 32 (13):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110015 Abstract + ( 945 )   PDF ( 510KB )   ( 533 ) Along with the continuous cropping of tobacco, diseases and pests were aggravated, and tobacco yield and quality declined. In order to explore the fluctuation of tobacco soil physical and chemical properties and microbial flora under the continuous cropping conditions. Here, we picked the 5 different continuous cropping years(0,1,2,3,4) tobacco yields as 5 treatments (T0,T1,T2,T3,T4) respectively and the soil samples were sampled at the period of rosette stage, the vigorous growth and mature period respectively and we then tested the soil nutrient content and microflora changes. The results indicated that with the increasing of continuous cropping years, the available potassium content was significantly decreased accompanied with the promotion of available phosphorus content and the quantity of soil fungi. Bacteria and Actinomycetes, however, decreased. This showed that continuous cropping could change tobacco-growing soils physical and chemical properties, and transform the fungi type to the bacterium type. Both may be the cause of continuous cropping obstacles.

  Variation of Low Cloud Amount and Its Correlation with Climatic Factors in Recent 50 Years in Three-River Source Region 2016, 32 (13):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100024 Abstract + ( 769 )   PDF ( 787KB )   ( 402 ) Based on the the data of cloud amount during 1961-2010 form Tongde meteorological station in the Three-River Source region, the variation of the low cloud amount was analyzed, and also the relationship between cloud amount and interrelated climatic factors was discussed. The results showed that the mean amount of low cloud increased significantly since 1961,four seasons mean amount of low cloud showed an increasing trend,spring,summer and winter mean amount of low cloud increased significantly. Average low cloud cover is bimodal distribution, June and July are the low cloud cover in most months of the year, December was the lowest value. Mutation analysis indicates that the mean low cloud of year and spring took place in 1964,1965 by most to least, and from least to most in 2002,2001;the mean low cloud in autumn abrupt change took place in 1963 from most to least; the winter abrupt change took place in 2000 form least to most; the summer was not mutated. the temperature and water vapor pressure factor is being affect most to low cloud amount; followed by hours of sunshine ;the third is average wind speed.

  The Relationship Between Summer Precipitation and Drought and Flood in Xinzhou Under El Nino 郑秀文,康恺 and 马子平 2016, 32 (13):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110116 Abstract + ( 859 )   PDF ( 501KB )   ( 440 ) in order to reveal the precipitation characteristics of Xinzhou in summer (6~8 months) under the influence of El Nino events, the author applied the precipitation data of 14 stations in Xinzhou city during 1981~2015 (6~ August), and analyzed the difference between summer precipitation and precipitation in Xinzhou during the start and end of the El Nino event. The analysis results show that: Xinzhou City, summer drought and El Nino have extremely close relationship. (1) El Nino events have a certain degree of impact on the summer precipitation in Xinzhou; the event is the start of the El Nino event in most of the summer drought in Xinzhou. El Nino began the 2008 Xinzhou summer drought probability is 72.7%; the probability of drought was 45.4%. El Nino events over the end of the year are mostly normal or slightly more than the Xinzhou summer rainfall. The probability of the occurrence of severe floods in the end of the El Nino event is 30%; the probability of normal or partial waterlogging is 80%. (2) the extreme value of precipitation in the Xinzhou region during the strong El Nino years. Strong El Nino annual and summer precipitation less than normal probability was 76.9%, partial probability was 23.1% in summer precipitation from the flat percentage is less than or equal to 20% of the rate was 66.7%, the summer precipitation from the flat percentage is more than or equal to 20% was 14.3%.

  Bulk Curing Barn Waste Heat Utilization in China 黄履明,, and 2016, 32 (13):  158-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090089 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 1202KB )   ( 338 ) The main heat loss routs of bulk curing barn unavailable heat consumption are removing moisture and exhausting smoke, which are also the cut-in points to improve energy utilization efficiency in bulk curing barn. According to current condition of large coal consumption and low energy efficiency, technology application situation and developments of removing moisture and exhausting smoke were introduced, including working principle and technical characteristics of present installations. The exiting problems were summarized, including low productivity, unsatisfactory operation effect and high equipment investment. Finally, development suggestions were put forward, such as applying mature technologies to agricultural engineering, systematically recycling the waste heat in chimney and moisture removing to realize the internal circulation in bulk curing barn.

  Yield and Quality of Fresh Sweet Maize in National Regional Test 2016, 32 (13):  164-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110034 Abstract + ( 967 )   PDF ( 600KB )   ( 665 ) Understanding the performance of yield and quality traits for fresh sweet maize varieties in National Maize Regional Test could afford the basis for the breeding direction in the future. The fresh sweet maize yield and quality parameters from National Regional Test were analyzed using varieties from 2000 to 2015. There were 54 experimental units between 2013 and 2015, and the regional test distributed across the China provinces except for Qinghai, Tibet, Ningxia and Gansu, with the units numbers were highest for Guangzhou (five). In the past 16 years, there were 648 varieties take part in the Chinese Regional Test and only 43 varieties were authorized by National Maize Cultivar Registration Committee. The fresh ear yield, quality and physicochemical characteristics were different among years, regions and varieties. The fresh ear yield and taste quality scores of authorized varieties were 4.5% and 1.2 higher than the average values of tested varieties, respectively, while growth period, grain rate, grain weight, residue ratio, soluble sugar and reducing sugar content were similar to its average value. The correlation results indicated that longer growth period and higher grain weight were favored to improve fresh ear yield. The residue ratio was negatively correlated to soluble and reducing sugar content and pericarp thickness. The taste quality scores were significantly positive correlated to its items and the effects of pericarp thickness, sensory quality, smell and favor, and sweetness were higher than other parameters. In the future, the breeding objection of sweet maize should focus on the higher yield and better quality, in addition of anti-adversities.

  Residue Degradation Dynamics and Safety Assessment of Cyromazine on Vegetable Soybean 2016, 32 (13):  172-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110080 Abstract + ( 903 )   PDF ( 605KB )   ( 646 ) In order to study the residue degradation dynamics of cyromazine on vegetable soybean and conduct its safety assessment, liquid chromatography and field test were applied to analyze the residue amount. The results showed that the initial residue amounts of cyromazine on vegetable soybean were different in different pesticides application schemes. When the concentration was 375 g a.i./hm2, the initial residue amount was higher than that of 187.5 g a.i./hm2. When spraying cyromazine twice at 7 days interval, the initial residue amount was more than that of just one time spraying. The residue degradation dynamics of cyromazine on vegetable soybean was in conformity with the first-order kinetic equation, T1/2 was 5.6-6.1 d and T0.99 was 37.3-40.6 d. In the final residue test, cyromazine was sprayed for 187.5 g a.i./hm2 with the conventional method, spraying only one time and twice at 7 days interval, and after 15 days of the last application, the final residue amount of cyromazine was 0.132-0.194 mg/kg and 0.156-0.202 mg/kg, respectively, which could meet the requirement of MRL (0.5 mg/kg) in GB 2763—2014.

  Advances in Pharmacokinetics and Biological Activity of Quercetin 2016, 32 (13):  177-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120084 Abstract + ( 881 )   PDF ( 598KB )   ( 635 ) Quercetin (QCT) is one of the main flavonoids compounds in fruits, vegetables and herbs, and has drawn wide attention in recent years. In this paper, the distribution of literatures concerning quercetin from 2007 to 2016 was analyzed. The results showed that the number of the published literatures on quercetin presented an increasing trend. Then the research advances in pharmacokinetics of quercetin and its biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-Alzheimer disease, anti-depression and immunoregulation were reviewed to provide a reference for future research and utilization of quercetin.

  Vegetable Production Characteristics in Beijing 2016, 32 (13):  182-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110119 Abstract + ( 738 )   PDF ( 796KB )   ( 2548 ) To make vegetable production stable in Beijing, data of 8 kinds of vegetables in 13 districts of Beijing from 2011 to 2013 were used to analyze the vegetable varieties and technical and regional characteristics of vegetable production by descriptive and quantitative methods. The results showed that leafy vegetables, solanaceous vegetables and melon vegetables were the dominant varieties, and there were a strong seasonal characteristic in the supplement of local vegetables. Facility cultivation got more benefits, especially for solanaceous vegetables. Tongzhou District, Daxing District, Shunyi District, Miyun County and Pinggu County had comparative advantages in vegetable production. Thus Beijing government should introduce policies supporting vegetable production, such as promoting vegetable seed researching and the transformation from small to large scale, and developing the potential vegetable producing region including Miyun County, Pinggu County, Fangshan District and Changping District.

  Production, Trade and International Competitiveness of Prunus Industry in China 2016, 32 (13):  191-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100032 Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 720KB )   ( 583 ) Prunus production, trade and competitiveness in China and the world had taken a new look since entering the 21st century. Here, prunus of china production and development in the world trade competitiveness were analyzed based on the data from the FAO and related documents. The results indicate that, area harvested and production of prunus in the world were increasing continued from year 2000 to 2013, and cultivation area and production of China were rank first in the world, but yield of China had huge gap compared to that of Chile and Iran. Imports and exports of prunus in the world and China kept steady growth, however, the amount and money of imports in China were much larger than those of exports. Index of normalized trade balance, Net exportSrevealed comparativeSadvantage index and import and export prices indicate that the level of Chinese prunus export competitiveness was poor or even very poor. Aiming at the problems in prunus production and trade, the countermeasures of improving prunus production in China and strengthening its international competitiveness were discussed．

  Comprehensive Assessment Model for Rurality of Rural Tourist Destinations in Suburbs of Large Cities——A Case Study of Shiliuhong Village 宋鸿 and 高严 2016, 32 (13):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010028 Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 522KB )   ( 1034 ) The village is a kind of district unit for rural tourism development which is an important way to develop rural economy, promote industrial upgrading and transformation, increase farmers’income, and solve many social problems. Different from other tourist destination types, the nature of rural tourist destinations is the rurality. Based on rurality and rural tourism, the index system was organized by three dimensions of residents, settlement and industry, in which the weight of each indicator was derived from the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and then the rurality comprehensive assessment model was constructed. Chosen as a case, Shiliuhong Village in the suburb of WuHan was graded by 5 experts using indicators and its rurality was assessed. The result showed that settlement rurality was the most obvious characteristics, followed by its industry rurality and resident rurality, and the overall rurality was relatively high. The comprehensive assessment model introduced in this paper, simple and practical, was suitable for horizonal comparison and dynamic monitor on rurality of rural tourist destinations, which could provide supports on decision making for development and management of rural tourist destinations.