Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.12 Published:27 April 2016

  Mutual Competition Affecting the Morphological Characteristics of Cultivated Rice and Weedy Rice Yang Qing 2016, 32 (12):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110067 Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 481KB )   ( 574 ) The pot experiment was used to study the effect of mutual competition on the morphology characteristics of cultivated rice and weedy rice. Weedy rice and cultivated rice were planted in the same basin, in accordance with the ratio of 2:1 and 1:2, respectively, and treatments in which weedy rice or cultivated rice was planted alone in one basin were used as control. Tiller numbers, plant height, leaf length and width, dry matter accumulation and root traits of weedy rice and cultivated rice were measured. The results showed that the plant height and leaf morphological characteristics were less affected, but the tiller numbers, dry matter accumulation and root traits of the cultivated rice ‘Shennong 265’ were negatively and significantly affected because of the competition of weedy rice and cultivated rice. The tiller numbers, plant height, leaf morphological characteristics, dry matter accumulation and root traits of the weedy rice ‘WR04-12’ were increased or improved under the competition, but did not reach the significant level. In addition, the tiller numbers, plant height and root traits of weedy rice ‘WR04-12’ were higher or better than those of the cultivated rice ‘Shennong 265’ in the same growth period, so the weedy rice ‘WR04-12’ occupied the advantageous position in the competition, while the cultivated rice was in disadvantageous position shaded by weedy rice. Therefore, the competition of weedy rice and cultivated rice limited the growth and dry matter accumulation of the cultivated rice ‘Shennong 265’, and led to yield reduction.

  Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anthers and Leaves of Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Rice Liu Li,Jiang Yuan,Ma Jing,Gao Zhiping and Chen Guoxiang 2016, 32 (12):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100093 Abstract + ( 1266 )   PDF ( 2473KB )   ( 433 ) In order to investigate the relationships between CMS and metabolism of reactive oxygen species, anthers and leaves of cytoplasmic male-sterile rice and its maintainer at reproductive stages were used as experimental materials to measure the production rate of O2-, contents of H2O2 and MDA, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD). The results showed that at reproductive stages, anthers of CMS line had higher production rate of O2-, contents of H2O2 and MDA, in comparison with the maintainer line. The activities of SOD and CAT were obsessively lower in CMS anthers, whereas POD activity of CMS anthers was higher than those of maintainer line. There were only differences in contents of H2O2 and MDA, and activity of CAT in leaves of male-sterile line and maintainer line. Based on the above results, the differences of the reactive oxygen metabolism between CMS and its maintainer were mainly apparent in anthers. In the process of anthers development, disordered metabolism of O2- and H2O2, excessive accumulation of MDA and decline of protective enzymes activities or function change of some protective enzymes may be the important reasons to make male sterility.

  Fertilization History Evolution and Stage Characteristics of Winter Wheat in China Tan Deshui,Liu Zhaohui and Jiang Lihua 2016, 32 (12):  13-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040115 Abstract + ( 1473 )   PDF ( 1800KB )   ( 570 ) In order to obtain the decision-making and scientific guidance for wheat fertilization in the future, the development of winter wheat production since 1949 was summarized and divided into 6 stages, and the stage yield, production area and the corresponding cultivation measures in each period were expounded. The winter wheat fertilization scheme since 1949 was divided into 7 stages, and the characteristics of organic fertilizer application and chemical fertilizer application of each stage were analyzed, and large sample data of the representative areas were illustrated. Stage characteristics of fertilization, production efficiency and problems in winter wheat production since 2009 were particularly analyzed. At present, aiming at the changes of wheat production pattern, key research fields such as new methods and new techniques of fertilization were put forward.

  Remote Sensing Monitoring of Planting Area, Growth Situation and Harvest Process of Winter Wheat Based on HJ-1 Satellite Data Li Dan,Han Liusheng,Huang Siyu,Wang Chongyang,Liu Wei and Chen Shuisen 2016, 32 (12):  20-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120018 Abstract + ( 1891 )   PDF ( 4283KB )   ( 773 ) Timely and accurately monitoring planting area, growth situation and harvest process of winter wheat is of great significance for wheat yield prediction and precision management. The HJ-1A/B satellite CCD1 and CCD2 data, S-G Filter, SAM Target Finder with Bandmax and NDVI Density slicing were used to monitor the planting area, growth situation and harvest process of winter wheat in Xinxiang City. The research showed that based on SAM Target Finder with Bandmax, the NDVI time series derived by HJ-1 satellite data could extract the planting area of winter wheat and the root error band of planting area for each county was less than 10%. The individual image could reflect spatial and temporal differences of winter wheat growth stage. The feature of NDVI time series spectra could monitor the heading period of wheat. And the maximum NDVI values appeared around April 15th and 21th. The multi-temporal NDVI images during mature period and harvest period could monitor the spatial and temporal differences of the winter wheat harvest process. The beginning time of harvest was around June 4th and the finishing time was around June 15th. Therefore, the HJ satellite NDVI time series images have the ability to monitor the planting area, growth situation and harvest process of winter wheat.

  Application of Farquhar Model in Spring Wheat Photosynthetic Light Response Curve Analysis Under Different Mulch Treatments Song Dianxing and Ma Li 2016, 32 (12):  29-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010080 Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 471 ) Abstracts: Spring wheat photosynthetic light response curve was analyzed under three kinds of mulching treatments by Farquhar mathematical model, and the photosynthetic characteristic parameters of spring wheat under different mulch treatments were calculated. The results showed that there was a good imitative effect with RMSE ranging from 0.29 to 0.59 and the correlation coefficient range (R2) of 0.99. The photosynthetic characteristic of spring wheat showed that the plastic film mulching treatment had better improvement effect on the maximum net photosynthetic rate of spring wheat than other mulching treatments, and it had the highest light saturation point and a lower light compensation point, and it also reduced the dark respiration rate consumption of spring wheat. So the plastic film mulching treatment was the best planting way to photosynthetic production accumulation of spring wheat.

  Segregation of Near-Isogenic Line of Wheat with Drought Resistance Based on Traits and Molecular Marker Dong Jianli,Bai Haibo,Zhu Yongxing,Lv Xuelian,Wang Na and Li Shuhua 2016, 32 (12):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070184 Abstract + ( 845 )   PDF ( 739KB )   ( 454 ) The study aims to create the drought resistance near-isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat ‘Ningchun 4’, and provide valuable materials for the NILs application in production and the genetic improvement of drought resistance. Due to the certain heterozygous ratio existing in proper generation (F6 or F7) of the recombinant inbred lines (RILs), NILs separation method was applied based on the traits and the molecular markers. The NILs of ‘Ningchun4’ plants with drought were isolated from RIL-97 of ‘Ningchun4’בNingchun27’, the identification of drought resistance and characteristics indicated that the NILs had strong drought resistance, and other morphological characteristics were basically identical to ‘Ningchun4’. The NILs would be used for the accurate positioning of the drought QTLs. The method based on RILs molecular markers of the proper generation of the recombinant was an effective way to construct NILs rapidly.

  Effects of Different Transplanting Periods on Growth and Yield of Spring Corn in Early Mature Area of Shanxi Province Zhao Cong,Zhang Wei,Han Yanlong,Jiang Chunxia,Liu Huatao,Zhang Dongmei,Huang Mingjing,Huang Xuefang and Liu Enke 2016, 32 (12):  38-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110007 Abstract + ( 972 )   PDF ( 982KB )   ( 449 ) In order to explore the new mode of film-free corn cultivation in early mature area of Shanxi Province and identify the appropriate transplanting period of corn seedling in this area, a field experiment with completely randomized block design was conducted to analyze and compare the effect of different transplanting periods of corn seedling on the growth process, plant height, area of three ear leaves of mature corn, yield and its component factors, film direct seeding was used as CK. The results showed that the growth processes of corn seedlings transplanted in different periods were slower than that of CK. Transplanting mode could reduce plant height and the area of three ear leaves of mature corn. There was no significant difference between the yield of corn transplanted on May 1st and CK, which reduced by 7% compared to that of CK. Damages to the corn seedlings caused by local late frost must be noticed when corn seedlings were transplanted without film in early mature area, transplanting the seedlings just after the late frost could be considered as an appropriate way in this area.

  Breeding of a New Sweetpotato Variety ‘Sushu 24’ with High Starch Content Jia Zhaodong,Ma Peiyong,Bian Xiaofeng,Guo Xiaoding and Xie Yizhi 2016, 32 (12):  42-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110064 Abstract + ( 2913 )   PDF ( 575KB )   ( 593 ) In order to improve the popularization and application of a new sweetpotato variety ‘Sushu 24’ with high starch content, the breeding experience of the sweetpotato variety with high starch content was summarized from the multipoint variety comparative test from 2012 to 2014 and disease resistance evaluation. The results showed that in Yangtze River Basin test under the national sweetpotato regional trial (2012—2013), the average fresh root yield of ‘Sushu 24’ was 33534.0 kg/hm2, the average yield of dry matter was 11130.0 kg/hm2, the starch yield was 7549.5 kg/hm2, which increased significantly by 18.27% compared with that of ‘Xushu 22’(CK). The average dry matter rate and starch rate were 33.08% and 22.41%, respectively 2.84 and 2.47 percentage point higher than that of ‘Sushu 22’ (CK). In 2014 Yangtze River Basin production trial, the average fresh storage root yield of ‘Sushu 24’ was 31204.5 kg/hm2, the average yield of dry matter was 10194.0 kg/hm2, the average starch yield was 6883.5 kg/hm2, which was 23.28% higher than that of ‘Xushu 22’. ‘Sushu 24’ passed the national new sweet potato variety identification in February 2015. ‘Sushu 24’ assembled the advantages of high yield, high starch, stable yield and fine comprehensive characters from parents, the dry matter and starch yield were high, disease-resistance and storable character were fine, it had wide prospect in the Yangtze River Basin and surrounding areas. At last, the authors put forward that breeding sweet potato varieties with high starch content should cultivate the backbone parents and create the core germplasm, make cross combinations and increase the selection pressure, thus to accelerate the breeding process.

  Comparative Tests of High Starch Processing Potato Varieties in Hexi Region Wang Duocheng,王永健,Wang Yongjian,Xiao Zhanwen and Cheng Hongyu 2016, 32 (12):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100084 Abstract + ( 622 )   PDF ( 502KB )   ( 474 ) In order to select suitable varieties of high-starch-processing potato which could be planted in Hexi Region and meet the requirement of processing enterprises and farmers, comparative field tests were carried out on 11 potato varieties, and their phenophase, agronomic characters, yield and quality were investigated in growth stage. The results showed that two varieties ‘Longshu9’ and ‘Qingshu10’ had better comprehensive characters, the number of tuber per plant of ‘Longshu9’ was 5.7, the yield of per plant was 1308.5 g, the commodity potato rate was 93.9%; the number of tuber per plant of ‘Qingshu10’ was 5.4, the yield of per plant was 1278.7 g, the commodity potato rate was 92.5%. In the two test sites including Horticultural village and Hua-zhai village, the yield of ‘Longshu9’ reached 66919.2 kg/hm2 and 70555.6 kg/hm2, and its starch contents were 18.89% and 19.17%; the yield of ‘Qingshu10’ reached 62626.3 kg/hm2 and 62676.8 kg/hm2, and its starch contents were 19.12% and 18.80%. The primary screening indicated that ‘Longshu 9’ and ‘Qingshu10’ were appropriated for being the starch processing potato varieties and could be promoted in the cold-cool irrigated area of Hexi along the Qilian Mountain.

  Antioxidant Capacity of Purple and Green Aerial Stem Plants of One-year-old Panax notoginsengUnder Low Temperature Stress Simulated by Icy Water Sun Yan,Zhao Changling,Yu Yuqi,Chen Zhongjian,Wen Guosong,Tang Xiaohua,Wei Fugang,Xiao Xinglei and Li Sunwen 2016, 32 (12):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090096 Abstract + ( 788 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 371 ) The aim was to explore the effects of anthocyanin accumulation in the aerial stems of Panax notoginseng on the cold resistance of P. notoginseng. The soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and the antioxidase specific activities in the leaves of one-year-old P. notoginseng plants with purple and green aerial stems under the low temperature stress simulated by icy water were studied. The results showed that, under the low temperature stress simulated by icy water, the soluble protein contents and the specific activities of the catalase (CAT) in the leaves of one-year-old P. notoginseng plants with purple and green aerial stems, and the MDA contents in the leaves of the green aerial stem plants all increased, the specific activities of the peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of the purple and green aerial stem plants, and the MDA contents in the leaves of the purple aerial stem plants all decreased. Moreover, the increasing degrees of the soluble protein contents and CAT specific activities in the leaves of the purple aerial stem plants and the decreasing degrees of the specific activities of POD and SOD in the leaves of the green aerial stem plants were both much larger. When the icy water treatment terminated, the soluble protein content, and the specific activities of the POD and SOD in the leaves of the purple aerial stem plants were higher than those of the green aerial stem plants, whereas the CAT specific activity and MDA content in the leaves of the purple aerial stem plants were slightly lower than those of the green aerial stem plants. However, the differences of the contents of soluble protein and MDA and the specific activities of three antioxidases of the purple and green aerial stem plants did not reach the significant level. Thus, the anthocyanin accumulation in the aerial stems of P. notoginseng was good for the cold resistance of P. notoginseng.

  Screening of Winter Flax Varieties in Dongting Lake Area 李 杰,, and 2016, 32 (12):  61-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120049 Abstract + ( 690 )   PDF ( 504KB )   ( 376 ) In order to study the ecological adaptability of different flax varieties in southern China, through comparison test of different flax varieties in different experiment sites, excellent local varieties were selected to be planted in Dongting Lake Area. The results showed that: among different experiment sites, the raw stem yield and seed yield of Anquan site were higher than that of Meijiazhou site. In Meijiazhou site, the yield of ‘Guinea No.9’ was the highest, the raw stem yield was 533.33 kg/hm2 and the seed yield reached 484.85 kg/hm2. In Anquan site, the yield of ‘Guinea No.9’ was the highest, the raw stem yield was 7244.44 kg/hm2 and the seed yield reached 658.59 kg/hm2. Through the comparison of agronomic traits and yield traits of different flax varieties in different experiment sites, ‘Guinea No.9’ was selected as the best flax variety of high quality and high yield.

  Modeling for Rapeseed’s Leaf Nitrogen Nutrient Diagnosis Based on Multifractal Detrended Moving Average Analysis Su Le,Zou Ruibiao and Wang Fang 2016, 32 (12):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120055 Abstract + ( 800 )   PDF ( 792KB )   ( 473 ) In order to identify and diagnose the texture features of rape leaf under different nitrogen levels, eleven kinds of generalized Hurst indexes and other six kinds of related multifractal characteristic parameters of the rape leaf images were calculated by using multifractal detrended moving average analysis (MF-DMA) with three key position parameters, namely, θ=0, 0.5 and 1, respectively. By applying different combinations of characteristic parameters, the nitrogen nutrition diagnosis and recognition were conducted for the base leaf, central leaf and top leaf, respectively. The results showed that the performance of diagnosis with position parameter of θ=0 was better than that with 0.5 and 1. In addition, the best diagnose accuracy came from the base leaf and the central leaf, which demonstrated that the base leaf and the central leaf were more sensitive to the nitrogen deficiency than the top leaf. By diagnosing the nitrogen deficiency and nitrogen moderation of the three parts of the mixed rape leaf samples, it showed that support vector machines and kernel method (SVMKM) and the random forest were the best two methods to obtain the accuracy, by which the best recognition accuracy rate reached 95.81% and 96.63%, respectively. It indicated that our model possessed good effectiveness.

  Comparison and Adjustment of Physiochemical Properties of Soilless Cultivation Substrates Palm Fibert and Coconut Tree Branny Zhao Jian,Luo Xuegang and Wang Fei 2016, 32 (12):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100065 Abstract + ( 1253 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 976 ) The study aims to explore the feasibility of palm fiber as a culture substrate for grow bags. The physicochemical properties and the content of mineral elements of palm fiber and coconut tree branny were determined and analyzed by using soil physical and chemical property analysis method, in addition, the palm fiber substrate was adjusted according to its plant growth barrier factors. The total porosity of palm fiber was 74.47%, and the water holding capacity of palm fiber was 294.02%, indicating that both factors were within excellent soilless cultivation substrate scope. Gas-water ratio of palm fiber was the same as that of coconut tree branny, both of them were slightly low, gas-water ratio could be adjusted by adjusting the particle size ratio of the substrates. The pH value of palm fiber was 8.46, which was too high for plant growth, however it could be adjusted by adding equal volume of 0.015 mol/L dilute sulphuric acid. Electronic conductivity value of palm fiber was high, it could be decreased to 1.08 ms/cm by drip washing, palm fiber and coconut tree branny had similar water retention and acetic-alkali buffering capacity, the nutrient retention property of palm fiber was weaker, but its own fertility was better than that of coconut tree branny, the content of mineral elements of palm fiber was similar as that of coconut tree branny. If palm fiber was properly adjusted, it could be used as an organic cultivation substrate.

  Effects of Transgenic Drought-resistant Cotton on Enzyme Activities and Available Nutrients Content in Soil Zhao Xiaodan,Zhao Jianning,Hong Yu,Li Gang,Xiu Weiming,Luo Junyu and Yang Dianlin 2016, 32 (12):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010131 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 1787KB )   ( 325 ) The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of planting drought-resistant transgenic cotton and conventional cotton during different growth stages on soil enzyme activities and available nutrient content. By applying the method of chemical analysis and solvent extraction method, the soil enzyme activities and available nutrient content of the two kinds of cotton were compared and analyzed. Results demonstrated that at seedling stage, soil available phosphorus content of drought-resistant transgenic cotton was significantly lower than that of conventional cotton, soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content and urease activity of drought-resistant transgenic cotton were markedly higher as compared with that of conventional cotton, while at other 4 growth stages, no evident difference was found in their contents and activities; soil alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities showed no obvious difference in 5 different growth stages. The correlation analysis of soil enzyme activities and available nutrient content revealed that soil ammonium nitrogen content was significantly and positively correlated with soil urease activity, while it was significantly and negatively correlated with soil alkaline phosphatase activity; soil available phosphorus and soil total nitrogen presented an extremely and significantly negative correlation; soil nitrate nitrogen content showed a significantly negative correlation with soil alkaline phosphatase activity while a significantly positive correlation with soil ammonium nitrogen content. In conclusion, planting drought-resistant transgenic cotton did not affect the available nutrient content and soil enzyme activity. However, the available nutrient content and soil enzyme activity were different in different growth stages of cotton.

  Advances in Mycovirus Research Tang Lihua,Mo Jianyou,Guo Tangxun,Li Qili and Huang Suiping 2016, 32 (12):  84-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010006 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 1695KB )   ( 875 ) In order to find and filtrate mycoviruses with biocontrol value, the taxonomy and transmission of mycovirus and the relationship of mycovirus with host and biocontrol were concluded, the family Totiviridae and Chyroviridae were presented in detail, and an example for the study on fungal viruses in Magnaporthe oryzae was set. The fungal vegetative incompatibility was a key limiting factor in mycovirus transmission and natural spread, so several suggestions were made to solve this problem: (1) screening mycoviruses with strong infectivity, (2) finding vectors of mycoviruses for application, (3) inhibiting vegetative incompatibility reaction using chemical compounds.

  Determination of Abscisic Acid in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi infectedSalvia Miltiorrhiza Plants by UPLC/MS/MS Zhou Xiuteng,Kang Liping,Li Pengying,Yang Guang,Wang Xue and Chen Meilan 2016, 32 (12):  92-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120043 Abstract + ( 690 )   PDF ( 1248KB )   ( 459 ) The study aims to establish a method analyzing the content of endogenous abscisic acid in salvia miltiorrhiza, and reveal the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) on the content of abscisic acid. The abscisic acid analysis was conducted using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The phytohormone was extracted with 2-propanol: H2O: concentrated HCl (2:1:0.002, v/v/v), extracted by dichloromethane, and determined using reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the quantitative analysis was carried out with multiple reaction monitoring. In the linear ranges, the correlation coefficient (r) of abscisic acid was 0.9986. The detection limits was 0.0466 ng/mL. The recovery rates of high, medium and low concentration were 80.48%-96.41% in root and leaf. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of inter-day precision and within-day precision were under 10.0%. And RSD values of stability and reproducibility were lower than 5.0%. After inoculated with AM fungi, the content of abscisic acid in root and leaf were significantly lower than the control group. This method had good sensitivity, precision, recovery, and could be used to determine the content of abscisic acid in salvia miltiorrhiza.

  Detection and Analysis of Fungichromin from Bacillus Strains 2016, 32 (12):  98-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080088 Abstract + ( 951 )   PDF ( 2056KB )   ( 312 ) Extracellular metabolites of Bacillus bataviensis FJAT-10043 were analyzed by liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Molecular Feature Extraction (MFE) and database retrieval were applied to accessing the information of overall metabolites of Bacillus bataviensis FJAT-10043. As a result, 656 compounds were detected, and 121 of them were identified. Fungichromin from Bacillus bataviensis FJAT-10043 was analyzed and tested with the highest relative content. The match score of Fungichromin was 96.39, and the relative content was 4.22%. The retention time of this compound was about 2.7339 min. This result provided a theory basis for the development and utilization of the immunomodulator from Bacillus bataviensis.

  Isolation and Identification of a Cellulose-degradation Bacterial Strain C1 with Uranium and Associated Heavy Metals Resistance 2016, 32 (12):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100122 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 3369KB )   ( 358 ) The study aims to screen out cellulose degradation bacteria with a certain concentration of uranium and associated heavy metal stress, thus to achieve the capacity and weight reduction in heavy metal enrichment plants. The celluloytic microbes bacterium C1 was screened through the heavy metal concentration gradient shaker and carboxymethyl cellulose hydrolysis circle. With the help of the phenotypical, cultural characteristics, phylogenetic tree based on 16S rDNA sequence and gyrB sequence, C1 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis, with gram positive. The highest CMCase activity secreted by C1 was 99.16 U/mL on the fourth day, the highest Fpase activity was 85.89 U/mL on the third day. On the tenth day, the weight loss percentage of straw was 33.10%. Screening out the celluloytic microbes bacterium C1 with a certain concentration of uranium and associated heavy metal stress has certain guiding significance to disposal of heavy metal enrichment plant.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Pleurotus Eryngii by SRAP and ITS Markers Tan Xiumei,Li Yong,Piao Chungen,Xue Han,Guo Minwei and Adil·Sattar 2016, 32 (12):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110143 Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 1203KB )   ( 605 ) Genetic diversity of 27 Pleurotus eryngii cultivating strains from different areas in China and Japan were analyzed to provide a molecular evidence for the identification and seed selection of Pleurotus eryngii. The tested isolates were studied using clustering analysis, combined with SRAP and ITS markers. 9 pairs of primers on 27 strains were selected, and 151 fragments were amplified, polymorphic bands were 130, the average polymorphic rate was 83.3%. The PIC (polymorphism information content) value of these markers varied from 0.27 to 0.42, averaging 0.36. Kinship of the tested strains was determined by analyzing their ITS sequences, and the result which was consistent with SRAP analysis, showed that part of the strains from the nearby areas were clustered with each other, their kinship was close, while some strains with large gaps in the geographical distribution were also clustered in the same phylogenetic tree branch, their genetic relationship may also be relatively close. Both of the two markers showed that the genetic diversity of the tested strains was relatively abundant, and there was a certain link between genetic similarity and geographical distribution. The method which combined SRAP with ITS could get better results, and it provided a powerful reference for the study on the genetic diversity of Pleurotus eryngii.

  Micro-morphology of Leaf Abaxial Epidermis of Beckmannia and Related Genera Ding Xin,Li Jianxia,Ding Liangxia and Xu Chongmei 2016, 32 (12):  116-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010072 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 5192KB )   ( 457 ) In order to infer the systematic position of Beckmannia, the slides were made by epidermal maceration by sodium hypochlorite method, and the micro-morphology of leaf abaxial epidermis of Beckmannia and related genera was observed with light microscope. The results indicated that the lower epidermis of leaves of Beckmannia and related genera, Aveneae and Poeae plants were typical Festuca type, and had higher consistence. Intercostal long cells were mostly long cylinder with more straight cell walls and few undulating cell walls. The short-cells distributed frequently or rarely in intercostal zonation. The prickles and short-cells distributed in costal zone. The stomatal apparatus had 2-3 rows mostly. The subsidiary cells were parallel, and few subsidiary cells were low dome-shaped. The micro-morphology of leaf abaxial epidermis suggested that Beckmannia should not be placed in Chlorideae. Meanwhile, Aveneae and Poeae had arbitrary boundaries and should be combined into the broader Poeae, and Beckmannia was appropriate to place in the broader Poeae.

  LUCC Driving Force and Its Environmental Effects in Changbai Mountain During Qing Dynasty Wang Jinchen,Zhang Xinrong,Liu Linping,Fang Shi and Jiang Wenchao 2016, 32 (12):  124-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010137 Abstract + ( 1581 )   PDF ( 1638KB )   ( 728 ) The land use and cover change (LUCC) of Changbai Mountain changed dramatically during Qing dynasty, it was one of the regions which had the biggest LUCC in the past 300 years in China. The authors analyzed the land development process, characteristics and driving forces in Changbai Mountain during Qing dynasty based on historical documents and local literatures, and pointed out that LUCC was driven by both nature and human activity. Land development policy of Qing government, huge population pressure and the invasion of foreign aggressors were the main driving forces in Changbai Mountain. The driving forces jointly acted on LUCC, meanwhile, LUCC also had a significant impact on eco-environment change of the study area.

  Soil Microflora Change During Integrated Protection Cultivation of Wheat-maize Rotation Quan Xin,Yang Yanyan,Liang Juan,Yang Lirong,Wu Chao and Xue Baoguo 2016, 32 (12):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110024 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 988KB )   ( 466 ) The authors analyzed the quantity and diversity of soil microbe such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in wheat-maize rotation rhizosphere soil under different protection cultivation patterns and planting years. The diversity indices at different growth stages of wheat and maize in 5 years were analyzed by the methods of plate counting and SPSS statistical software. The results showed that microbial populations in the rhizosphere soil were positively correlated with the growth of wheat and maize. The results of integrated protection cultivation showed that tillage could increase the population bacteria and actinomycetes, while rotary tillage could increase the population of fungi, deep scarification could reduce fungi population, and straw mulching could increase the amount of microbial biomass. Long-term rotation of wheat and maize resulted in the gradual decrease and uneven distribution of microflora and affected microbial diversity index. Nevertheless, the microbial diversity index increased in the fifth year during wheat jointing period and maize seedling stage.

  Effects of Soil Porosity on Available Cd Content Extracted by DGT Song Zhiting,Zhao Yujie,Zhou Qiwen,Liu Xiaowei,Pan Yang,Tian Nana,Mu Li and Shi Rongguang 2016, 32 (12):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110071 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 1547KB )   ( 390 ) DGT is an important tool for the evaluation of heavy metal effectiveness, but the DGT extraction is affected by soil porosity, and so far still lacks relevant research. The authors used different levigation levels of soil to change the soil porosity, studied the effect of soil porosity on the available Cd content extracted by DGT. The results showed that levigation changed the soil porosity, thereby affected the soil diffusion boundary layer, and then affected the three expression forms of available Cd (CDGT, CE and C′E), and had the biggest impact on CDGT. After an overall consideration of those influencing factors, the results indicated that the porosity changes caused by levigation had limited impact on soil available Cd content, its variability was less than 10%, but the porosity and diffusion boundary layer change should be considered in calculation to reduce the error.

  Cotton Soil Salinity Correlation of Different Layers in Wei-Ku River Oases Yusup Mamat,Adil Ablikim and Mahpirat Ulam 2016, 32 (12):  145-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010001 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 2644KB )   ( 470 ) In order to provide certain theoretical and scientific basis for the governance, improvement and rational utilization of salinization soil in Wei-Ku River oases, through the screening of typical field survey routes, GPS location, sampling and measure of cotton soil in Wei-Ku River oases, the total salt and the saline ion content were measured and the correlation of different saline ions was analyzed. The results showed that the salt content was 1.555% of 0-10 cm soil layer, 0.454% of 10-30 cm soil layer and 1.082% of 30-50 cm soil layer. The pH value was 8.09 of 0-10 cm soil layer, and around 8.59 of 10-30 and 30-50 cm soil layer. The average salt content of the three layers was 15.549, 4.548 and 10.821 g/kg, respectively. The salt content in different soil layers followed the order of 0-10 cm＞30-50 cm＞10-30 cm, and the soil belonged to saline soil. The correlation analysis showed that the correlations of the total salt content, pH, HCO3-, Cl-, Ga2 , SO42-, K Na , Mg2 in different soil layers were significantly positive or extremely and significantly positive. Particularly, the correlation coefficient of SO42- and K Na in topsoil reached 0.98. Sulfuric acid accumulated intensely in the topsoil and salt was mainly transported to topsoil.

  Effect of Cotton Planting on Physical Characteristics and Water-salt Dynamic of Clay Solonchak Liu Hongmin,Mao Weibing,Zhang Yuwen,Sun Yuxia,Zheng Qiankun and Jia Limei 2016, 32 (12):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010046 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 1628KB )   ( 402 ) In order to study the effect of cotton planting on soil physical characteristics and water-salt dynamic of coastal clay solonchak, field experiments were conducted in Yellow River Delta coastal clay salinization moisture soil area. Two treatments: three years continuous cotton planting and salty land, were set up, the effect of cotton planting on soil bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and water-salt dynamic under different conditions were studied. The results showed that compared with salty land, cotton planting treatment decreased the soil bulk density in 0-20 cm soil layer by 15% (P<0.01) and increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity by 89.23% (P<0.05). Under the condition of evaporation in spring, the soil salt content of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm soil layer in cotton planting treatment decreased by 52.07%, 55.17%, 55.23%, 53.78% and 47.43%, respectively, in comparing with that of salty land. In addition, cotton planting could increase the soil salt leaching by small amount of rainfall, restrain salt accumulation in topsoil effectively, make the salinity in soil tillage layer lower than 3 g/kg during cotton growth period, and ensure cotton normal growth in different stages, thus it was one of the effective ways to improve and utilize salty land.

  Characteristics of Temperature Variation in Nearly 40 Years in Southeast Shanxi Province 2016, 32 (12):  158-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110017 Abstract + ( 713 )   PDF ( 3522KB )   ( 350 ) The paper aims to study the characteristics of temperature variation tendency in southeast Shanxi Province. The authors used linear trend estimation method, moving average method and mutation analysis to analyze the temperature variation characteristics in nearly 40 years in southeast Shanxi Province based on the data of 1971-2011 from 16 stations. The temporal analysis showed that the annual average temperature, the annual average maximum temperature, the annual average minimum temperature, the annual extreme maximum temperature and the annual extreme minimum temperature were all on the rise, the tendency rate of the above temperatures was 0.27℃/10 a, 0.29℃/10 a, 0.36℃/10 a, 0.18℃/10 a and 0.46℃/10 a, respectively, the mutation time was 1989. The spatial analysis showed that the warming range of the central and southeastern region was higher than that of the northern and northeastern region, and had an overall rising tendency.

  Agricultural Climate Resource Change of Huang Shuihe Region in Recent 50 Years Liu Yihua,Zhou Qiang,Lu Yanrong, and Li Hongmei 2016, 32 (12):  163-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110032 Abstract + ( 720 )   PDF ( 4973KB )   ( 443 ) Abstracts: The paper aims to provide a scientific basis for rationally utilizing climate resource and distribution of agricultural production. Based on 9 meteorological stations’ meteorological data (such as daily temperature, precipitation and accumulated temperature) and disaster data (such as drought, rainstorm, dry-hot wind and frost) of Huang Shuihe Region from 1961 to 2010, the authors used the mathematical statistics method to study the change trend of climate resource of Huang Shuihe Region in recent 50 years. The results showed that: (1) the annual mean temperature of Huang Shuihe Region significantly increased, and the annual mean temperature change rate was 0.41℃/10 a, and the annual mean precipitation showed a weak increasing trend and its change tendency rate was 0.96 mm/10 a, the annual sunshine hours was 2596.6 h, which declining rate was 37.3 h/10 a; (2) the active accumulated temperature for daily mean temperature steadily through 0℃ and 10℃ showed increasing trends, with the rates of 78.7℃/10 a and 77.2℃/10 a, respectively; the non-frost period was from 94 to 155 days, which had a weak increasing rate of 4 d/10 a; (3) the drought showed a declining trend, with a rate of 0.91 times/10 a, but the trend of storm increased obviously, and the intensity index of dry hot wind was 15.5, which became obvious after 2000s.

  Influencing Factors and Countermeasures for Grain Yield Increase in Shandong Province Liu Xiaomin and Shi Zhe 2016, 32 (12):  171-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070181 Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 496KB )   ( 580 ) In order to make grain yield stable and increase grain production in Shandong Province, influencing factors on grain yield were analyzed by gray correlation method using statistical data in Shandong Province from 1991 to 2010. The results showed that effective irrigation area was the strongest influencing factor on grain yield in Shandong Province, followed by grain yield per unit area, area of cultivated land, effective amount of agricultural fertilizer, total power of agricultural machinery, pesticide amount and rural electricity consumption. Finally, the suggestions including improving the effective irrigation area, stabilizing and improving grain yield per unit area and area of cultivated land were proposed to ensure the stable grain yield increase in Shandong Province.

  Comparative Advantage of Characteristic Agriculture in Yunnan Plateau Dong Xiaobo,Chen Liangzheng,Yang Maoqing,Peng Ziyun and Yuan Yuan 2016, 32 (12):  175-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110086 Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 658KB )   ( 498 ) To find the prominent advantages and development space of characteristic agriculture in Yunnan plateau, both qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted. Areas adjacent to Yunnan including Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Guangxi and Southeast Asian countries which were the focus of “bridgehead” were chosen as the comparative targets in the qualitative analysis, and 32 administrative regions at provincial level in China except Macao, Hongkong were chosen as the comparative targets in the quantitative analysis. 4 categories of qualitative indicators and 6 categories of quantitative indicators which containing 44 specific indicators were chosen to conduct the comprehensive evaluation of the comparative advantages of characteristic agriculture in Yunnan plateau. The results showed that the comprehensive comparative advantage coefficient of characteristic agriculture in Yunnan plateau was 1.55. Diversity, ecological security and time difference complementarity were the comprehensive comparative advantages. The results provide a reference for agriculture development in Yunnan and other plateau areas.

  Benefit Evaluation of Family Farm Yang Hong,Tao Xuejuan,Du Hui and Ma Jia 2016, 32 (12):  183-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110138 Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 554KB )   ( 573 ) Family farm is an important business subject of modern agricultural development. It is a symbol of the new round of rural reform. Benefit is the key to family farms’ sustainable development, and needs more attention in the research. Benefit researches on family farm were analyzed from the aspects of different regions and different business contents, and benefit evaluation researches on family farms were summarized from the aspects of evaluation method and index selection. Then the development strategy of family farms in developed and underdeveloped areas, the development scale of different types of family farms, as well as the suggestions for perfecting family farm evaluation system were put forward to promote the sustainable development of family farms and the transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture in China.

  Research Progress of Rice False Smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) at Home and Abroad Fu Rongtao,Wang Jian,Lu Daihua,Gong Xueshu and Zhang Hong 2016, 32 (12):  189-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110037 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 945KB )   ( 560 ) Rice false smut is a fungal disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens infecting the spikelets of rice. Now, this disease is considered as one of the main fungal diseases in major rice producing areas worldwide, and it can damage the yield and quality of rice seriously. Since the disease occurs lightly at an early stage, it is often ignored. In order to strengthen general understanding of the disease, the authors started with the research progress of rice false smut at home and abroad in recent years, reviewed the pathogen’ biological characteristics, infection process, molecular biology, ustiloxins, comprehensive control measures of the disease and so on, and analyzed the existing problems and made an outlook on future research work. The results could provide certain reference for revealing pathogenic mechanism of the pathogen and the prevention and control of rice false smut.

  Dynamic Change of Avirulence AvrPi9 of Magnaporthe oryzae in Two Rice Blast Nurseries 2016, 32 (12):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120077 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 708KB )   ( 424 ) In order to evaluate the application potential of the rice resistance gene Pi9 in practical production, the dynamic changes of avirulence gene AvrPi9 of 396 Magnaporthe oryzae single-spore isolates collected from ‘LTH’ in Luoping County and Tengchong County of Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed by artificial inoculation and PCR test. The results showed that the AvrPi9 frequency of the isolates reached more than 90% in the three years even with a declining trend, indicating that the resistance gene Pi9 could still be useful in the future, especially combined with the resistance genes Pizt, Pi7 and Pi12, and the resistance association coefficients were all higher than 0.81. However, PCR amplification showed that 388 isolates carried AvrPi9 gene, among them 21 isolates contained the gene fragments but were still pathogenic to ‘IRBL22’ of Pi9 gene line, it implied the structure of AvrPi9 might be changing.

  Effect of Non-selective Herbicide Glufosinate on Cultivation of Herbicide-resistant Transgenic Early Season Rice Liu Wenqiang,Zhou Hao,Meng Qiucheng,Xiao Youlun,Liu Aimin,Li Xiaohua and Xiao Guoying 2016, 32 (12):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010039 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 698KB )   ( 375 ) With the simplification of rice cultivation, weeds have become an important factor which could cause yield loss. In this paper, the application effects of non-selective herbicide glufosinate on early season rice hybrid Xiang125S/Bar68-1 under three cultivation patterns (direct seeding, throwing seedling and mechanical transplanting) were studied, and convention herbicide was used as control. The results showed that the weeding effect of glufosinate treatment was superior to that of convention herbicide treatment among the three kinds of cultivation patterns, and the superiority was more apparent, especially in direct seeding field with more weeds; although a few yield-related traits were significantly different among different years, the yield of transgenic early season rice under glufosinate herbicide treatment had no significant difference to that under convention herbicide treatment.