Abstract: To find the prominent advantages and development space of characteristic agriculture in Yunnan plateau, both qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted. Areas adjacent to Yunnan including Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Guangxi and Southeast Asian countries which were the focus of “bridgehead” were chosen as the comparative targets in the qualitative analysis, and 32 administrative regions at provincial level in China except Macao, Hongkong were chosen as the comparative targets in the quantitative analysis. 4 categories of qualitative indicators and 6 categories of quantitative indicators which containing 44 specific indicators were chosen to conduct the comprehensive evaluation of the comparative advantages of characteristic agriculture in Yunnan plateau. The results showed that the comprehensive comparative advantage coefficient of characteristic agriculture in Yunnan plateau was 1.55. Diversity, ecological security and time difference complementarity were the comprehensive comparative advantages. The results provide a reference for agriculture development in Yunnan and other plateau areas.