Abstract: The objective was to investigate the influence of panicle type on yield and quality of rice. The semi erect panicle-type ‘Xindao 22’ and curved panicle-type ‘Huang Jinqing’ was used as materials. The differences of photosynthetic, yield and quality were studied under different nitrogen treatments. The results showed that the change trend of the flag leaf photosynthetic rate decreased at first, then rose and then decreased under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments during rice growing process. At the early grain-filling stage, the photosynthetic rate of the two spike type cultivars all decreased significantly, and the decline range of curved panicle type was significantly higher than that of the semi erect panicle type, the average decline range was 54.93% and 19.37%, respectively. The maximum photosynthetic rate of the semi erect panicle type was averagely 7.46% higher than that of the curved panicle type. The yield of semi erect panicle was higher than that of curved panicle. The nitrogen levels reached the highest yield productivity in the two rice types were different. ‘Xindao 22’ and ‘Huang jinqing’ reached the maximum yield under 225 kg/hm² and 262.5 kg/hm² nitrogen level, respectively. Semi erect panicle type was higher than that of the curved panicle type in brown rice rate and milled rice rate, and the difference among different nitrogen treatments in the same type was less. The percentage of chalk grain and the degree of chalk of the curved panicle type was higher than that of the semi erect panicle type, and lower than the semi erect panicle type in the taste value. It was illustrated that the appearance and taste quality of the curved panicle type rice were inferior to semi erect panicle type. Based on the above results, the semi erect panicle type had low nitrogen requirement, and better yield and quality in comparing with the curved panicle type, which indicated that the semi erect panicle type could be the main morphological index of rice in plant type-breeding, at the same time, the cultivation with decreasing nitrogen could improve the yield and quality in synergy.