Abstract: To clarify the influencing factors of rice production and interaction among the factors in Heilongjiang Province, the productivity, characteristics and yield components and fertilizer tolerability of main rice cultivars in Heilongjiang for decades were analyzed. The rice production was divided into four basic growth stages, and the representative cultivar of each stage was‘Hejiang19’,‘Hejiang23’,‘Kongyu131’and ‘Longjing31’. The results showed that grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and thousand seed weight had no significant difference among yield components of the four main cultivars, the increase of grain number per panicle was the key factor of yield increasing. The disease resistance, lodging resistance and fertilizer absorption ability increased. By the analysis, the author suggested increasing the grain number per panicle in breeding, enhancing organic fertilizer application in cultivation and improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.