Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.6 Published:02 March 2017

  Effect of Side Bar Application of Slow/controlled Release Fertilizers on Rice Yield and Agronomic Characters 赵 营 2017, 33 (6):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040064 Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 500KB )   ( 530 ) In order to investigate the effect of side bar application technology of slow/controlled release fertilizer on rice in Yellow River irrigation region of Ningxia, a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of six different fertilizer treatments with no fertilizer (CK), self- developed slow release compound fertilizer for rice (SRF1), commodity Tiegan release compound fertilizer (SRF2), self- developed controlled release BB fertilizer for rice (BB1), commodity controlled release BB fertilizer (BB2) and conventional fertilization by local farmers (CON) on the yield and agronomic characters of rice, and evaluate their nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that the grain yield and harvest index of rice were 6622 to 10761 kg/hm2 and 0.42 to 0.54 under different fertilization treatments, treatment BB1 and BB2 got the highest result. Compared with that of treatment CON, rice yields significantly increased by 15.7% to 18.0% with side bar application of slow/controlled release fertilizers (except for treatment SRF2), and sterile grain rate decreased by 0.5% to 3.2%, but plant height, length of ear, and numbers of per ear increased. Agronomy efficiency and partial factor productivity N fertilizer were 15.6 to 18.4 kg/kg and 45.0 to 47.8 kg/kg under side bar application of slow/controlled release fertilizers treatments, which were significantly higher than those of treatment CON, which were 6.7 kg/kg and 24.3 kg/kg respectively. Therefore, side bar application of slow/controlled release fertilizers could improve agronomic characters of rice, and then increase its grain yield and fertilizers use efficiency. This technology should be widely popularized and applied in paddy rice growing in the Yellow River irrigation region of Ningxia.

  Effect of Different Fertilizer Application Modes on Double-season Early Rice Yield with Mechanical Transplanting in Jianghuai Region 陈 刚,张晓红 and 尹 玲 2017, 33 (6):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040104 Abstract + ( 1496 )   PDF ( 592KB )   ( 398 ) In order to study the suitable fertilizer application mode of double- season early rice with mechanical transplanting in Jianghuai Region, a split plot experiment in field was conducted to investigate the effect of three fertilizer application modes (local farmer conventional fertilization, the high-yielding fertilization and controlled release fertilizer fertilization) on yield components, bladeSPAD value, leaf area index (LAI ), dry weight and tiller dynamic of early rice‘Zhefu 203’. The results showed that the average real yield of the three fertilizer modes reached 8201.7 kg/hm2, and the productive ear per hole, productive ear per hectare and theoretical yield of the high-yielding fertilization and controlled release fertilizer fertilization were significantly higher than that of local farmer conventional fertilization, while the thousand grain weight was significantly In order to study the suitable fertilizer application mode of double- season early rice with mechanical transplanting in Jianghuai Region, a split plot experiment in field was conducted to investigate the effect of three fertilizer application modes (local farmer conventional fertilization, the high-yielding fertilization and controlled release fertilizer fertilization) on yield components, bladeSPAD value, leaf area index (LAI ), dry weight and tiller dynamic of early rice‘Zhefu 203’. The results showed that the average real yield of the three fertilizer modes reached 8201.7 kg/hm2, and the productive ear per hole, productive ear per hectare and theoretical yield of the high-yielding fertilization and controlled release fertilizer fertilization were significantly higher than that of local farmer conventional fertilization, while the housand grain weight was significantly lower than that of local farmer conventional fertilization. The high-yielding fertilization mode could improve the population structure of mechanized transplanted early rice, reduce the ineffective tillers based on appropriate panicles, increase ear-bearing tiller percentage, slow down the decline rate ofLAI in late growth, promote the dry matter accumulation and transportation in major organs in middle and late growth stage, improve the photosynthetic rate of rice population, increase the total population biology and thus increase high production. The high- yielding fertilization mode could be used as an appropriate fertilization mode of mechanical transplanted double-season early rice in Jianghuai Region, and the improvement of controlled release fertilizer fertilization mode could also become a choice.

  Practice and Technical Analysis of High-yielding Rice Cultivation in Heilongjiang 2017, 33 (6):  11-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060081 Abstract + ( 963 )   PDF ( 423KB )   ( 407 ) To clarify the influencing factors of rice production and interaction among the factors in Heilongjiang Province, the productivity, characteristics and yield components and fertilizer tolerability of main rice cultivars in Heilongjiang for decades were analyzed. The rice production was divided into four basic growth stages, and the representative cultivar of each stage was‘Hejiang19’,‘Hejiang23’,‘Kongyu131’and ‘Longjing31’. The results showed that grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and thousand seed weight had no significant difference among yield components of the four main cultivars, the increase of grain number per panicle was the key factor of yield increasing. The disease resistance, lodging resistance and fertilizer absorption ability increased. By the analysis, the author suggested increasing the grain number per panicle in breeding, enhancing organic fertilizer application in cultivation and improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.

  Two-line Rice Application in Chongqing in Recent Ten Years 2017, 33 (6):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080117 Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 569KB )   ( 515 ) Compared with three-line hybrid rice, two-line rice has the advantage of higher breeding efficiency, lower cost of seed production, higher yields, relative superior quality, and so on. In recent years, varieties registration and application of two-line rice was developed rapidly in Yangtze River basin represented by Chongqing. In order to explicit the condition and tendency of two-line rice industry, this article analyze the acreage, main varieties and varieties certification of two-line rice during the year of 2006-2015. The results shows that, the acreage for two-line rice increased rapidly in recent 10 years, covered 17.2% of total acreages in 2014, and ‘Yliangyou No 1’and ‘Shenliangyou5814’cover more acreage than other varieties. On the variety application, the dominant variety rate of two-line rice rose from 5.9% in 2006 to 31.3% in 2005, and all two-line varieties were good quality rice. On the variety evaluation, the certified or recognized varieties were sporadic during 10 years, and almost all varieties was selected by others agricultural scientific research units, varieties evaluation that breeding by Chongqing agricultural research unites has been maintained a record of zero until 2015.

  Genetic AnalysGenetic Analysis of Major Gene Plus Polygene of Spike Traits of Spring Wheat 2017, 33 (6):  20-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040165 Abstract + ( 1330 )   PDF ( 548KB )   ( 652 ) Spike traits directly affect the economic yield of crops. The genetic constitution of spring wheat spike traits was studied to provide references for genetic breeding by increasing production through modified spike traits.‘Ningchun 4’and‘Drysdale’and their F2 populations were used as materials, four generations of P1, P2, F1, F2 joint segregation analysis was applied to study the genetic model of ear length, fertile spikelets, nonbearing spikelet and grains per spike. The results showed that ear length was in accord with additivedominance- epistatic polygene mixed inheritance model without major gene; fertile spikelet was controlled by two pairs equal additive major genes and additive-dominant polygene; nonbearing spikelet was in accord with two pairs of additive-dominance-epistatic major genes and additive-dominant polygene mixed inheritance model; grains per spike was coincident with the two pairs additive- dominance- epistatic major genes and additive-dominant polygene mixed inheritance model.

  Interaction of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Affecting Spring Maize Yield and N Uptake Accumulation 2017, 33 (6):  27-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040157 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 736KB )   ( 454 ) The research aimed to master the appropriate application amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for maize and to provide theoretical basis and technical support for efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer and high yield of spring corn in eastern Jilin Province. Using field plot experiment, setting five nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer levels, the influences of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus combined fertilizationon spring maize yield and N absorption accumulation were studied. The results showed that under the condition of same application amount of K fertilizer (K2O 120 kg/hm2), appropriate nitrogen and phosphorus amount could significantly improve spring maize yield, and the influence effect was N>P. Along with the growth period, nitrogen accumulation of plant gradually increased, and reached the peak at mature period. When the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus was N 280 kg/hm2, P2O5 110 kg/hm2, the plant nitrogen accumulation reached the peak, which was 338.9 kg/hm2. Appropriate nitrogen and phosphorus interaction could improve the plant nitrogen absorption rate and the stage accumulation amount, maintain higher amount of accumulated nitrogen in later stage of growth period and obtain higher nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity. Taking maize yield and N absorption and utilization efficiency into comprehensive consideration, under the condition of K2O 120 kg/hm2, applying N 280 kg/hm2, P2O5 110 kg/hm2 can obtain higher nitrogen absorption efficiency, also can make maize yield reach the peak of 12796.4 kg/hm2.

  Factor Analysis and Comprehensive Assessment of Agronomic Characters of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Germplasm Resources 2017, 33 (6):  34-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040131 Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 556KB )   ( 446 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for rational use of mungbean varieties, 10 agronomic traits of 55 mungbean germplasm resources were analyzed through factor analysis and cluster analysis in this study. The results showed that the variation coefficient of 10 agronomic traits was from 8.57% to 47.19%, among them the highest was seed weight per plant, and the lowest was growth period. Further study divided these traits into 5 main factors, namely podding number, plant height, seed number, seed weight and growth period which represented 86.340% information of total traits by factor analysis. 10 accessions of mungbean germplasm resources with excellent traits were selected based on comprehensive score. According to the results of cluster analysis, 10 quantity traits of 55 mungbean germplasm resources could be classified into three clusters. Cluster I, cluster II and cluster III included 22 accessions, 7 accessions, 26 accessions, respectively. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis, in the mung bean production in heilongjiang province, ''Ann green 8'', ''Jiamusi yellow mung bean'', ''Jilv 1'' could be not only used as breeding materials, but also planted in large area.

  Different Dosages of Coated Fertilizer Affecting Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Rapeseed Yield 2017, 33 (6):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040150 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 527KB )   ( 351 ) To research the application effect of coated fertilizer on direct-seeding precocious rapeseed, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of coated fertilizer on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and grain yield of‘Xiangzayou 1613’. The results showed that the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen increased under the application of coated fertilizer, and the content of chlorophyll (SPAD ) increased. In addition, total amounts of soluble sugar and free amino acids were relatively higher but the difference of concentration was not obvious. Moreover, branch number and pods number per plant increased obviously, and seeds number per pod and 1000-grain weight increased slightly. Furthermore, yield of oilseed increased significantly and reached the highest yield of 2066.9 kg/hm2 with the coated fertilizer rate of 1500 kg/hm2. Model fitting results of the production-fertilizer rate indicated that coated fertilizer at the rate of 1611.0 kg/hm2 increased the yields to the highest amount of 2164.9 kg/hm2, with fertilization amount reduced by 13.9% and oilseed yield increased by 13.6% compared with common fertilizer application amount of 1870.5 kg/hm2 and oilseed yield of 1904.8 kg/ hm2.

  Effect of seed soaking with uniconazole and seedling density on blanket-seedling quality and plant traits in Brassica napus L． 2017, 33 (6):  48-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040057 Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 600KB )   ( 398 ) In order to cultivate blanket rapeseed seedlings suitable for mechanized transplanting, the effects of seed soaking with different concentrations of uniconazole and seedling densities on seedling quality, plant traits in mature period and yield were investigated using‘Ningza 31’as the material. The rapeseed was treated with 0(CK), 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L uniconazole solution for 2 hours. After natural dry, seedling density was set as 1.5 million, 2.25 million, 3.0 million, 3.75 million and 4.5 million plant/hm2. The results showed that after the treatment of uniconazole, the height of rape seedling decreased, the number of leaves increased, the collar coarsened, root vitality increased, hypocotyledonary axis shortened, overground dry weight decreased, underground dry weight increased, which was benefit to the cultivation of short and strong sprout; with the increase of seedling density, the height of rape seedling increased, the number of leaves decreased, the collar decreased, root vitality decreased, hypocotyledonary axis extended, overground and underground part dry weight decreased, the quality of blanket- seedling decreased; however, with the increase of uniconazole concentration, the influence of seedling density on seedling was significantly decreased. Uniconazole concentration and seedling density had no significant effect on plant height in mature period, total leaf number and main stem length under the blanket-seedling density of 12 thousand plant/hm2, but after the treatment of uniconazole, fruit number of per plant, 1000 seeds weight and harvest yield increased, the treatment of 15 mg/L got the highest yield, and those of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L were overall equal. With the increase of seedling density, all the economic indicators decreased. According to cropping arrangement, when the needed seedling age was 30 days, the seedling density could reach 4.5 million plant/hm2 under the seed soaking concentration of 10 mg/L, when the needed seedling age was 40 days, the seed soaking concentration could be increased to 20 mg/L, and the seedling density should be ≤3.0 million plant/hm2. By adjusting the concentration of soaking uniconazole and seedling density, blanket seedlings could be cultivated for machine transplanting to meet different rotation systems, and achieve industrialized breeding and echanized transplanting.

  Adaptation of Major Chinese Castor Cultivars in Yunnan Province 2017, 33 (6):  59-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040173 Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 586KB )   ( 337 ) The aim of this paper is to obtain excellent castor varieties for production or materials for breeding.According to the agronomic traits of phenophase, resistance, plant height, the number of effective spikes per plant, the number of effective spike capsules per plant,100-kernel weight,productivity per plant and yield per mu,the comparative analysis was carried out between of expression of 21 present primary castor cultivars and the contral varieties of Yunbi NO.2 in Yunnan. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were done on the basis of genetic correlation of six agronomic traits. The results indicated that the phenophase of Yunbima NO.5, Yunbima NO.4,Tong castor 8,Zi castor 9, Tong castor 6, Fen castor 10 was between 124-153d,similar to the contrasts.However,the yield per mu was between 176.30-262.29 kg/hm2,being significantly higher than the contral varieties. By the correlation analysis of 11 agronomic characters,the results showed that the largest contributor to the production of castor plant agronomic traits were the plant height and 100-kernel weight,productivity per plant.The cluster analysis indicated that 21 castor cultivars were clustered into three categories. These varieties could be used for castor breeding with different purposes. Preliminary result showed that Yunbima NO.5, Yunbima NO.4,Tong castor 8,Zi castor 9, Tong castor 6 have good agronomic traits and adaptability,it is promising to use them for production directly or as materials for breeding new varieties.

  Desulphurization Gypsum: the Effect on Physiological Characters of Salt Resistance of Tree Species 2017, 33 (6):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060140 Abstract + ( 716 )   PDF ( 681KB )   ( 376 ) Ulmus elongata, Ulmus pumila, Fraxinus americana, Amorpha fruticosa Linn. Were uesed to study the effect of exogenous calcium from desulphurization Gypsum on Physiological characters of salt resistance in four tree species. The results showed that: Application of desulfurized gypsum could promote the growth of four tree species, increase the survival rate and the salt resistance index. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and proline were increased and the uptake of K was significantly promoted by desulfurized gypsum, while the uptake of Na was inhibited by desulfurized gyspsum.. We concluded that the content of chlorophyll and proline were affected by exogenous calcium, and the balance of K /Na was adjusted and improved the physiological chasracters of salt resistance.

  Ecological Condition, Cultivation Modulation Measures and Flue-cured Tobacco Process: The Effect on Usability of Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves 2017, 33 (6):  73-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040100 Abstract + ( 850 )   PDF ( 532KB )   ( 385 ) The upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco are important composition in tobacco blending. With the deterioration of the tobacco planting environment in recent years, the quality of the upper leaves had big annual fluctuation, which led to the decrease of the industrial usability of the upper leaves. Aiming to study the cultivation modulation measures for improving the usability of the upper leaves, this paper summarized three aspects which had influence on the usability of upper leaves, including ecological conditions, cultivation modulation measures and baking technology, and the direction of future development was also discussed to provide the basis for improving the usability of upper leaves.

  Effects of Row-Spacing on Agronomic Characters, Chemical Composition and Economic Characters of‘Yunyan 97’ 2017, 33 (6):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040077 Abstract + ( 783 )   PDF ( 545KB )   ( 394 ) In order to explore the suitable row-spacing of ‘Yunyan 97’ in Wuling tobacco-growing region, field experiment was conducted in Water village ,Wulong County, Chongqing City from April to December in 2012 and effects of row-spacing on agronomic characters, chemical composition and economic characters of Yunyan 97 were studied. The results showed that: Wider row-spacing could improve tobacco-growing situation at the 60th day after transplanting, that row spacing 120 cm×50 cm and 120 cm×60 cm performed better. Total sugar content and reducing sugar content of flue-cured tobacco were all higher, and row spacing 120 cm×40 cm could make a better chemical compatibility for middle leaves. Influence of spacing on yield was greater than row spacing, but influence of row spacing on output value and high grade leaf proportion was greater than the spacing, Comprehensive analysis, in Wuling tobacco-growing region, The suitable row-spacing of ‘Yunyan 97’ was row spacing 120 cm and spacing 40 cm.

  Effects of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Growth, Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Common Bean 2017, 33 (6):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100101 Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 658KB )   ( 527 ) Based on the actual production problem that the sowing date of common bean is always delayed due to frequent low temperature and drought in spring in its main planting areas of Heilongjiang Province, this study aims to select coordinated cultivation technology of sowing date and planting density for common bean. A field experiment was conducted with 3 sowing dates (May 15, May 25 and June 04, denoted as I, II and III) and 4 planting densities (15×104 plant/hm2, 20×104 plant/hm2, 25×104 plant/hm2 and 30×104 plant/hm2, denoted as D1, D2, D3 and D4), to investigate the effects of sowing date and planting density on agronomic characters, dry accumulation and yield of common bean. Results showed that compared with sowing date I (May 15), plant height, stem diameter, node number and branch number on main stem decreased, but growth rate increased under sowing date II (May 25) and III (June 04). Moreover, with the delay of sowing date, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in single plant and population of common bean decreased gradually, pods per plant, seeds per plant and weight of 100 seeds in common bean first increased and then decreased. For the seed yield per hectare, II-D2 was the highest, followed by I-D2 and III-D3, and they were 27.18%-45.31%, 17.57%- 34.34%, 14.92%-31.31% higher than D1 treatment under different sowing dates, respectively. Overall, under the three different sowing dates, reasonable planting density resulted in higher growth rate and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and excellent canopy structure in common bean population. It was more obvious in increasing and stabilizing seed yield with late sowing date (III) and moderate high planting density (D3).

  A Comparative Study on Leaf Traits and Anatomical Structures of‘Gold Delicious’Apple Collected from Different Habitats 2017, 33 (6):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040059 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 964KB )   ( 552 ) "Golden Delicious" apple leaves were used as material in Maoxian(Ⅰ), Yanyuan(Ⅱ) and Nyingchi (Ⅲ), the morphometric parameter, anatomical parameter and epidermal parameter were carried out by paraffin section and scanning electron microscope to study epidermal features, anatomical features and their response and adaptation to different habitats. The results showed that: The variation trend was consistent for leaf length , leaf width and leaf area, the trend was Yanyuan(Ⅱ) > Maoxian(Ⅰ)> Nyingchi (Ⅲ), the thickness of leaf showed a contrary tendency, the trend was Nyingchi (Ⅲ) > Maoxian(Ⅰ) > Yanyuan(Ⅱ); "Golden Delicious" apple leaf was bifacial leaf and the upper and lower epidermis composed of a layer of cells, there was clear difference between the palisade tissue and spongy tissue, and the thickness of leaf, palisade tissue and spongy tissue was biggest in Nyingchi (Ⅲ), followed by Yanyuan(Ⅱ), The minimμm thickness was in Maoxian(Ⅰ), the P/S ranged from 0.95 to 1.28, the P/S of leaf in Yanyuan(Ⅱ) was largest(1.28); Stomatas and epidermal hairs distributed in lower epidermis, The stomatal apparatus area was largest in Yanyuan(Ⅱ) (428.44 mm2), followed by Nyingchi (Ⅲ) (337.32mm2), The minimμm was in Maoxian(Ⅰ) (314.05mm2), the stomata density was maximμm in Maoxian(Ⅰ) (397.67.mm-2), followed by Nyingchi (Ⅲ) (389.mm-2), The minimμm was in Yanyuan(Ⅱ)( 332.67.mm-2 ); The epidermal hairs in Maoxian(Ⅰ) was more intensive at a average epidermal hairs of 20.67 per cubic millimeter, The epidermal hairs in Nyingchi (Ⅲ) and Yanyuan(Ⅱ) were relatively sparse, the stomatas were in a relatively open system.

  The Relationship Between Orchard Nutrient Status and Quality of Bingtang Sweet Orange in Mayang County 2017, 33 (6):  97-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040086 Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 545KB )   ( 413 ) To investigate the effect of soil nutrients on tree nutrients and fruit quality in Bingtang sweet orange orchard, the soil, leaf, fruit mineral nutrients and the quality of fruits in 9 representative orchards of Mayang County, Hunan Province, had been analyzed during 2011-2015. The results showed that the soil pH of Mayang County was close to the optimum values. The contents of soil organic matter, most macronutrients and micronutrients were optimum or excessive, while the soil available Zn content was significantly low. In the leaves of Bingtang sweet orange tree, N, Mn, Cu, B and Mo contents were optimum, P and Fe contents were excessive, but K, Zn, Ca and Mg contents were lacked. There were great differences of nutrients among the trees in different orchards. Fruits exhibited relatively high N and K contents which were consistent with N and K contents in soil and leaves. Among the representative orchards in Mayang County, Bingtang sweet oranges showed significant difference in fruit-size. The diameter of fruit was positively correlated with the thickness of fruit-peel but negatively with fruit TSS and VC content. Soil Mn and Ca contents showed significantly positive correlation with that in leaves, but soil P was negatively correlated with P content in leaves. The contents of K exhibited significantly positive correlation between leaf and fruit.

  Effect of Fusarium oxysporum Infection on Leaf Structure of Banana Seedlings 2017, 33 (6):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110014 Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 997KB )   ( 518 ) By studying the effect of pathogen infection on leaf structure, the authors aim to provide a theoretical basis for preventing banana wilt disease. The changes of the structure and composition of banana leaves after infection were determined by means of greenhouse solution culturing plant pathogenic bacteria. The results showed as follows: (1) the cellulose content was decreased by 16.5% and 37.4% in lightly and heavily disease plants, respectively, and electrical conductivity of apoplastic sap was increased by 4 times and 19 times, respectively; (2) leaf nitrogen content was decreased by 5% and 12% in lightly and heavily disease plants, respectively, and the carboxylation efficiency was also decreased obviously; (3) uneven leaf color and hygrophanous hollow symptoms were observed in the micrographs; (4) through the observation of transmission electron micrographs, cell membrane and chloraplast were both seriously injured. It was concluded that leaf cell wall, cell membrane and chloroplast were damaged, and then decreased the CO2 assimilation rate.

  Effect of Compound Bio-fertilizer on Plant Community Characteristics in Leymus chinensis Steppe 2017, 33 (6):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050174 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 684KB )   ( 423 ) In order to explore the effect of compound bio-fertilizer on grassland improvement, an experiment of five compound bio- fertilizers, which were control (CK), humic acid fertilizer (F), molasses fermentation fertilizer (T), alginic acid fertilizer (H) and both three compound bio-fertilizer fertilizers (A), was conducted on Lymus chinensis degenerated grassland to analyze the change of community species and diversity. The results showed that the Lymus chinensis aboveground biomass increased under the treatment of compound biofertilizer, and treatment H had the best increasing effect compared with CK (P ＜0.05), while treatment H also significantly increased underground biomass; treatment A and H significantly decreased community dominance, while increased the importance value of main species, but it was not significant. Shannon Wiener diversity index had a significantly positive correlation with Simpson dominance index and E. Pielou evenness index. In the short term, the application of compound bio-fertilizer did not change the status of constructive species and dominant species, and alginic acid compound bio-fertilizer was the optimum fertilizer to increase Lymus chinensis above-ground biomass yield and promote underground biomass.

  Four Typical Desert Community Structures and Species Diversity in Minqin from 2006 to 2014 2017, 33 (6):  116-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070071 Abstract + ( 894 )   PDF ( 569KB )   ( 451 ) According to quadrat survey data belonging to 4 sample plots of 36 sample areas in the Minqin during the Period of 2006-2014,we analyzed the community structure and species diversity of Artemisia desertorum, Chenopodiaceae, Ephedra przewalskii Stapf and Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. The results showed: The structure of community was simple. The species was homogeneous and small number, the plants were low bud nodes to adapt to the habitat conditions. Little changed of Shrub layer species,and herb layer species had increased.The diversity index of Artemisia desertorum community, Chenopodiaceae community and Nitraria tangutorum Bobr community increased slightly, and the community of Ephedra przewalskii Stapf decreased slightly. The changes of community structure and species diversity in this area were mainly due to the changes of species in the herb layer. Understanding and mastering changes of structure and species diversity of desert plant communities in Minqin,for the promotion of arid desert vegetation restoration and conservation of species diversity to provide evidence.

  Colonizing Dynamics of Endophytic Diazoteophic Bacteria DENB20 in Different Desert Plant Species 2017, 33 (6):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040072 Abstract + ( 878 )   PDF ( 693KB )   ( 269 ) Endophytic diazoteophic bacteria DENB20 belonged to Klebsiella Trevisan. In order to investigate the colonizing dynamics of DENB20 in different desert plant species, this strain was marked by Rif and Str and was studied its colonizing dynamics in different desert plant species. The results showed that the population of DENB20 grew continuously in the roots of Tamarix ramosissima after inoculation, but in the stems and leaves of Tamarix ramosissima, the population of DENB20 decreased gradually and could not be isolated after 50 d inoculation. Although the population decreased gradually in the roots, stems and leaves of Lycium ruthenicum, there was still a certain amount of strain after 80 d inoculation. The development trend of DENB20 in the root of Poacynum hendersonii was first decreasing then increasing, but the population of DENB20 decreased gradually in the stems and leaves and could not be isolated after 50 d inoculation. In conclution, endophytic diazoteophic bacteria DENB20 could colonize stably in the roots of Tamarix ramosissima, Lycium ruthenicum and Poacynum hendersonii, and the colonization ability of DENB 20 in roots was as follows: Poacynum hendersonii＞Tamarix ramosissima＞Lycium ruthenicum.

  Review on Ecological Benefits Evaluation of Urban Green Space Based on Three-dimensional Green Quantity 2017, 33 (6):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050119 Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 562KB )   ( 346 ) Green quantity is an important index in quantitative study of the ecological benefits of urban green space, it reflects the canopy structure of plant more accurately and enhances the scientific nature and reliability of urban green space construction, and can provide reference for reasonable collocation of garden plants, improvement of the green structure and the planning of green space. So, the study of three-dimensional green quantity has certain significances. The authors elaborated the progress of green quantity and urban ecological benefits, and discussed the problem of ecological benefits quantization and research trends in the future. Finally, the authors pointed out that the keys of ecological benefits quantization were improving the calculation method of three-dimensional green quantity and constructing the evaluation model of urban green space ecological benefits.

  Soil Nutrient Content of Apple Planting Area in Baishui 张彩帆,胡明,许少萍,王海龙,张彪 and 王宇宁 2017, 33 (6):  134-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040099 Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 463KB )   ( 455 ) The paper aims to stabilize and improve apple yield. The authors analyzed 500 agricultural soil zones in Baishui, Weinan, Shaanxi in 2013, and made a comparative study on pH value, total nitrogen, organic matter, alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapidly available potassium, available phosphorus, available iron, available manganese, available copper and available zinc. On the basis of the statistical data from Microsoft Excel 2010, the paper drew a conclusion that: the soil zones of Baishui where apple trees were planted had neutral to alkali pH, abundant total nitrogen and organic matter, rich rapidly available potassium, normal available phosphorus and zinc, profuse available copper, and a little available iron, alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen and available manganese.

  Fuzzy Mathematics Model of Soil Nutrient Losses Under Semi-trapezoid Subordinate Function: A Case Study of Southern Mountainous Area in Anhui 汪忠国,孙怡川,陈蕾 and 2017, 33 (6):  139-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040116 Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 692KB )   ( 489 ) The study aims to analyze soil nutrient losses level according to the data and information from soil testing in southern mountainous area in Anhui, and provide reference for soil nutrient management. Samples were selected under directed sampling and fuzzy mathematics model was built by semi-trapezoid subordinate function, and combined with variation coefficient method, soil nutrient losses level was calculated in different land features. The results showed that a fuzzy mathematics model was built on the soil nutrients distribution situation generated by simulation software MATLAB, and the model indicated that soil nutrient losses situation was most serious in hilly land with sloping fields. The results were closed to soil nutrient condition. The study verified the practicability of fuzzy mathematics model in the study of soil nutrient losses of farmland in mountainous area, which could assess soil nutrient losses level and provide theoretical foundation for scientific fertilization and soil protection.

  A Case Analysis of Hail Suppression in Agricultural Areas of Eastern Qinghai 2017, 33 (6):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040081 Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 2326KB )   ( 344 ) A local hail process on July 13, 2015 in Menyuan of Qinghai was diagnosed according to the atmospheric circulation situation, surface chart and physical elements data etc. The effect of artificial hail suppression was quantitatively analyzed based on the characteristics of hail cloud before and after shelling by a radar. The results showed that: the hail weather happened under high temperature, high humidity and strong vertical wind shearing situation in Menyuan; the highest rate of lightning appeared during hailing, where a strong echo was in a strong developing level, negative lightning was obviously more than positive lightning; radar echo top height declined after shelling hail clouds, echo strength reduced, and liquid water content (VIL) 45 kg/m2 range became smaller.

  Review and Reflection on Rice Variety Certification for Identifying Rice Blast Resistance in Sichuan for 30 Years 2017, 33 (6):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040123 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 520KB )   ( 346 ) Rice blast is an important fungal disease, which can induce total crop failure when it is serious. So, identifying cultivars’resistance to rice blast is an essential work. In order to strengthen general understanding of identifying rice cultivars’resistance to rice blast, the authors summarized the key status of rice and the prevalent endangerment of rice blast, and the role of identifying rice cultivars’resistance to rice blast. The authors also reviewed the development of the regional test of rice resistance to rice blast in Sichuan, and presented the development and deployment of blast resistance identification of the national southern region test in the upstream of the Yangtze River. The study could provide some reference for the development of identifying rice cultivars’resistance to rice blast.

  Occurrence Regulation of Janus piri in Jingtai, Gansu Province 2017, 33 (6):  155-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040107 Abstract + ( 809 )   PDF ( 546KB )   ( 330 ) In order to determine occurrence regulation and of Janus piri in Jingtai, Gansu Province, the damage and life history of J. Piri were investigated by the five point sampling from 2011 to 2012 with yellow trap board. The results of periodical sampling and trapped adults monitoring showed that J. piri occurred one generation every year and mainly damaged fresh treetop. Pupa overwintered in the damaged branches. Different varieties and trees at different ages had different damage degrees. The adults began to damage the pear shoots when it was sunshiny and the temperature was above 21℃ at 9:00 am from the end of April to the beginning of May, and the damage period was 4~6 days. The results indicated that it was the key period for controlling the adults of J. piri when adults occurred at the peak and got out of the shoots.

  Construction and Spatial Layout of Commercial Grain Bases in Northeast China 2017, 33 (6):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100020 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 602KB )   ( 517 ) Northeast China is the important major grain production area, supplying area of commercial grain, and potential area of grain growth. The volume of grain production of northeast China occupy steadily the 20 percent of that of the whole China. The per capita minimal area of cultivated land is 40 percent of per capita actual area of cultivated land, and the pressure index of cultivated land decreased to 0.38. The above mentioned opinions and data represent the important strategical meaning of the commercial grain bases construction in northeast China for the national grain security and enhancing grain self-sufficiency ratio. According to the criteria of ability, potential of grain production and supplying capacity of commercial grain, this paper establishes 65 counties as important construction area and dominant crop breeding bases. Based on the per capita grain grown area and regional grain production ability, the paper also chooses 24 counties as scale operating experiment bases. Most of the newly added commercial grain bases locate at Heilongjiang province, one of three provinces of northeast China. The optimized 89 commercial grain base counties can supply 7911.13 ×104 tons,which is 90.7 percent of the volume of whole commercial grain supplied by the northeast China. The optimization of commercial grain bases strengthens the ability of grain self-sufficiency and the capacity of commercial grain supplies. Finally, the paper provides some countermeasures for the construction of commercial grain bases in northeast China.