Abstract: Northeast China is the important major grain production area, supplying area of commercial grain, and potential area of grain growth. The volume of grain production of northeast China occupy steadily the 20 percent of that of the whole China. The per capita minimal area of cultivated land is 40 percent of per capita actual area of cultivated land, and the pressure index of cultivated land decreased to 0.38. The above mentioned opinions and data represent the important strategical meaning of the commercial grain bases construction in northeast China for the national grain security and enhancing grain self-sufficiency ratio. According to the criteria of ability, potential of grain production and supplying capacity of commercial grain, this paper establishes 65 counties as important construction area and dominant crop breeding bases. Based on the per capita grain grown area and regional grain production ability, the paper also chooses 24 counties as scale operating experiment bases. Most of the newly added commercial grain bases locate at Heilongjiang province, one of three provinces of northeast China. The optimized 89 commercial grain base counties can supply 7911.13 ×104 tons,which is 90.7 percent of the volume of whole commercial grain supplied by the northeast China. The optimization of commercial grain bases strengthens the ability of grain self-sufficiency and the capacity of commercial grain supplies. Finally, the paper provides some countermeasures for the construction of commercial grain bases in northeast China.