Abstract: Abstract: Wheat is an important food crop in Shangnan county of Shaanxi province. Therefore wheat planting with reasonable area distribution is very meaningful to wheat growing and optimization of regional layout. In order to do the ecological suitability assessment of wheat planting in Shangnan.GIS technology, county cultivated land resources management information system and analytic hierarchy process are utilized. By using the expert experience method of screening evaluation indexes of ecological factors, Shangnan wheat ecological suitability evaluation index system are successfully established. Application of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy evaluation method to the quantitative calculation of index weight, as well as the geographic information system software ArcGIS9.3 superposition analysis function can lead to the Shangnan wheat ecological suitability assessment. Results show that the highly suitable area and appropriate area for wheat farmland is 8323.97 hm2, accounting for 33.50% .And 10557.46 hm2, accounting for 42.49% of the arable land area, respectively. These two types of cultivated land is mainly distributed in the area of shallow mountain and hilly terrain, accounting for more than 75% of the total arable land area, is the main part of cultivated land in Shangnan. At the same time, the rest of the cultivated land in this area are mainly distributed in zhongshan landscape area, including barely suitable for wheat and not suitable for farming land, that is 4423.41 hm2 and 1543.43 hm2, only accounting for 17.80% and 6.21% of the total area of arable land, respectively. The local ecological fitness distribution regularity and spatial distribution are therefore summarized and planned through the statistics and analysis on Shangnan wheat planting environment. Thus providing a scientific basis for rational layout and planning in Shangnan during wheat or similar crop planting management.