Abstract: To study the planting structure of quinoa in Qaidam Basin, the authors used climate statistical method to analyze the surface temperature (0 cm) of 11 observation stations in the Qaidam Basin from 1981 to 2015. The results showed that in the past 35 years, the annual average surface temperature of the whole basin, the west and the east was 6.9, 7.8, 5.8℃, respectively; the climate tendency rate was 0.70℃/10 a, 0.71℃/10 a, 0.69℃/10 a, respectively, which all passed the 0.001 level of the significant test; the average annual maximum temperature of the whole basin, the west and the east was 34.0, 36.3, 31.3℃, respectively, the climate tendency rate was 0.63℃/10 a, 0.85℃/10 a, 0.36℃/10 a, respectively, the climate tendency rate in the west was 2.36 times as much as that of the east; the average annual minimum temperature of the surface was basically equal. Dachaidan and Tianjun were the low- value areas in the west and the east, with - 8.4℃ and - 9.7℃ , respectively; the increased average surface temperature in the whole basin was the largest in spring, and the lowest in winter; while the increased average surface temperature in the west was the maximum in summer and the minimum in winter; and that in the east was the maximum in spring and the minimum in summer. Although the areas had different increased rate, they all passed the significance test with 0.05 level. The change of the surface temperature in the basin and subarea showed a single peak, and the highest value appeared in July and the lowest value in January. The change of surface temperature had a positive correlation with air temperature, and its correlation with other factors was small or negative. Therefore, the significant increase of surface temperature of the basin was obviously affected by air temperature.