Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.35 Published:26 December 2016

  Flax Seed Meal: Nutrition Determination and Utilization in Shanbei White Cashmere Goat Rumen 2016, 32 (35):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020092 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 539KB )   ( 590 ) To make full use of feed resources, we analyzed the main conventional nutrients of flax seed meal. Then we put flax seed meal into the rumen of Shanbei white cashmere goat fitted with permanent rumen fistula, and degradation rate of dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber in rumen were analyzed by using nylon bag method at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The results showed that content of crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, calcium and phosphorus in flax seed meal were 36.2%, 8.98%, 7.82%, 7.02%, 0.47% and 0.81%, respectively. Dry matter degradation rate was 55.11%, 78.75%, 78.77% and 85.75% in Shanbei white cashmere goat rumen at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Degradation rate of crude protein was 52.82% , 61.94% , 72.4% and 75.32%, respectively, and degradation rate of crude fiber was 23.9%, 25.1%, 26.2% and 28.6%, respectively. The results indicated that crude fat and crude protein content were relatively high in flax seed meal. Degradation rate of dry matter and crude protein could reach 78.77% and 72.4% within 24 hours, and Shanbei white cashmere goat had a good digestion of flax seed meal.

  Denitrification System with Zero-emission in Industrial Recirculating Aquaculture 2016, 32 (35):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080093 Abstract + ( 647 )   PDF ( 562KB )   ( 473 ) To break up constraints of bio-denitrification technology, improve the efficiency of denitrification of circulating water, and supply an oxygen- rich environment suitable for aquaculture and increase economic benefit, we developed a reasonably designed, efficient and environmental friendly denitrification system with zero-emission in industrial recirculating aquaculture based on aquaponics. The system was developed aimed to break the key bottleneck of different nutrient concentrations needed by fish and plants. The aquaculture wastewater was passed through electromigration and membrane concentration process. After that, the wastewater was changed to two kinds of water, which could respectively meet the nutritional needs of plants and fish. Thus the system could solve the contradiction of different nutrition needs between plant and fish, improve yield, and obtain economic benefit. At the same time, for the operational convenience of the system, controlling platforms with 24 h centralization and distribution control abilities were set up. Application analysis showed that the system could meet the growth needs of fish and plant, thus was successfully developed.

  Six Kinds of Isozymes in Different Tissues of Xenocypris davidi 2016, 32 (35):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080122 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 1109KB )   ( 371 ) To provide biochemical genetic indexes for germplasm standard and identification of Xenocypris davidi, so as to appropriately protect and utilize the resources, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), esterase (EST), malic enzyme (ME), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PDGH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) from seven tissues (liver, heart, brain, muscle, spleen, kidney and gill) of Xenocypris davidi were studied by using vertical gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isozyme loci and zymograms were also analyzed. The results showed that the six isozymes presented tissue specificity to various degrees. The activities of EST, ME, MDH and 6-PDGH in liver were high. The activity of LDH was high in liver, spleen and kidney. The activity of SOD was high in spleen and liver.

  Rapid Extraction of Genomic DNA from Sugar Beet Using PCR Instrument 2016, 32 (35):  15-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050004 Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 534KB )   ( 544 ) In order to find a method for rapidly extracting genomic DNA from sugar beet, a PCR instrument was used in combination with an alkaline lysis method with dried seeds, seedlings and kernels of sugar beet as well as dry powder of sugar beet leaf as raw materials, the concentration of extracted DNA was measured by a micro-spectrophotometer, and amplification of extracted DNA was conducted using the SSR primers of sugar beet. The results demonstrated that DNA was detected in all materials, the mean concentration of extracted DNA from dried seeds, seedlings, kernels and leaf dry powder was 432 ng/μL, 197 ng/μL, 158 ng/μL and 448 ng/μL, respectively, and clear bands were amplified in both DNA stock solution and diluted 20 ng/μL working solution by SSR-PCR reaction system. This method is simple and rapid in extracting genomic DNA from sugar beet, and only requires two medicines NaOH and HCl. The extracted DNA can be completely used for SSR- PCR reaction, which provides technical support for the rapid identification of the purity and authenticity of sugar beet varieties.

  Research Progress of Protoplast Culture in Cereal Crops 2016, 32 (35):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060055 Abstract + ( 880 )   PDF ( 485KB )   ( 394 ) Plant protoplast has important research value in the application research of the variety improvement, the genetic transformation and the distant hybridization, and in the basic theoretical study of the biology. In order to provide the theoretical basis for the establishment of the system of protoplast culture and promote the work of the genetic improvement of cereal crops varieties, a detailed elaboration about the study on protoplast culture of cereal crops from four aspects such as protoplast preparation, culture, regeneration and application was made in the article. The main factors affecting the protoplast separation and culture were analyzed, the three ways of protoplast regeneration were summed up, and its applications in genetic improvement and theoretical study were summarized. At the same time, the problems in three aspects of the protoplast culture, the genetic transformation and the cell fusion were put forward and future research efforts were also proposed.

  Research Progress of Plant Prohibitins Gene (PHBs) 2016, 32 (35):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060159 Abstract + ( 623 )   PDF ( 1089KB )   ( 485 ) Prohibitins (PHBs, antiproliferative protein genes) is also known as the inhibitor gene. The study aims to understand PHBs gene classification, structure and location, as well the gene function. The authors summarized research progresses on PHBs from gene classification and structure, the PHB protein structure and size, gene subcellular localization, and its functions on controlling plant growth and development and mitochondrial formation, as well as its effects on stresses. It indicated that the plant PHBs genes not only controlled the plant growth and development, but also were a cluster of important genes that involved in various stress responses. Although research has been carried out worldwide on PHB functions of improving crop resistance to stress, which provides a basis for plant resistance breeding, it still needs further study.

  A Comparison of Biological Characteristics of Three Kinds Plantago L. Seeds 2016, 32 (35):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040073 Abstract + ( 671 )   PDF ( 1045KB )   ( 418 ) In this study, the biological characteristics of seeds of three kinds of wild Plantago L. from Heilongjiang Province were compared. The results could provide theory basis for introduction and domestication of medicinal plants in Heilongjiang Province. Seed morphology and the influence factors of seed germination were also compared using microscope and biological contrast. The results showed that there were differences in seed morphology. Additionally, the seeds of P. depressaw L. had no dormancy phenomenon. Synergistic treatment of low temperature and gibberellin was beneficial to seed germination of P. asiatica L. and P. major L.. Therefore, the seeds of P. asiatica L. and P. major L. need low temperature treatment before introduction and domestication.

  Application of molecular biology techniques in the research of edible/medicinal fungi 2016, 32 (35):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040183 Abstract + ( 608 )   PDF ( 482KB )   ( 469 ) Edible/medicinal fungi are considered an important food for their traditionally famous nutritional and medicinal values, but much information at the molecular level is unfortunately unknown. In order to promote the study of related molecular mechanisms in edible/medicinal fungi, molecular biology techniques are summarized in the research of nucleic acids, proteins and nucleic acid/protein interaction, and the applications in the edible and medicinal fungi research were analyzed. The current studies about the molecular mechanisms of edible/medicinal fungi are relatively shallow, and related investments are relatively less. Increasing investment and strengthen the applications of molecular biology techniques in the study of edible/medicinal fungi are proposed, especially genome editing kinds of new technologies.

  Effect of Different Packaging Materials on Quality of Wuyi Shuixian Tea 2016, 32 (35):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070045 Abstract + ( 588 )   PDF ( 672KB )   ( 485 ) This paper aims to provide certain theory references for an appropriate choice of packaging material for long- term storage of Wuyi Shuixian Tea. Wuyi Shuixian Tea, as the research object, was respectively packaged with porcelain pot, tin can, kraft paper bag and aluminum foil bag, and stored for one year at room temperature. Different effects of the above- mentioned packaging materials on Wuyi Shuixian Tea were analyzed through sensory evaluation and physicochemical indexes testing of samples every three month. According to sensory evaluation results and physicochemical index change, the order of influence from strong to weak on quality deterioration of Wuyi Shuixian Tea was kraft paper bag, aluminum foil bag, porcelain pot and tin can. In order to keep favorable sensory quality and minimize the change of physicochemical property, it was recommended to use tin can, porcelain pot and aluminum foil bag to pack and store Wuyi Shuixian Tea.

  Variation Characteristics of 13 Pesticides’Residue in Oolong Tea 2016, 32 (35):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090139 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 567KB )   ( 371 ) The paper aims to explore the Variation and effective Characteristics of Pesticides Residue in Oolong Tea，3 different pesticide amount residue Oolong teas which deposited 13 pesticides including organophosphorous pesticide, synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, nicotinic pesticide, acaricide and other 7 kinds of pesticides were prepared by spraying in field trial and made with traditional manufacture process. To study the effects of spraying concentration, background concentration, and pesticide property contribute to dismiss of pesticides in this work, these pesticides were determined in tea leaves and Oolong teas, respectively. The results showed that the amount of pesticides in tea leaves increased with increase of spraying concentration. While their degree of increasing decreased. The amount of pesticides deposited in made teas were lower than tea leaves (about 76%). The degree of dismiss of pesticide was little different among 3 pesticide amount residue tea leaves, but they was evidently different because of their property. Dismiss of Oxadiazine pesticides and Nicotine pesticides were high (39.11% and 47.95%, respectively). However, thiadiazine ketone pesticides and synthetic pyrethroid pesticide were low( 6.55% and 11.05%, respectively). Dismiss of buprofezin was the lowest among these pesticides, while Indoxacarb was the highest. It was conclude that spraying concentration, background concentration, and pesticide property all contribute to the variation of 13 pesticides residue in Oolong tea.

  Residue Dynamics of Chlorantraniliprole in Agricultural Products and Environmental Samples 2016, 32 (35):  51-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060036 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 551KB )   ( 370 ) Chlorantraniliprole is a new anthranilic diamide insecticide acting with high efficacy on insect ryanodine receptors. Because of its high insecticidal activity, chlorantraniliprole has been widely used for pest control in agriculture, especially lepidopteran pests of rice, vegetable, fruit and other agricultural crops. Due to its years of large-area continuous use, great concern has been raised regarding chloran- traniliprole residue problems and harmfulness to farm product and ecological environment. To understand the residue dynamics of chlorantraniliprole, based on recent literatures, the residue analytical methods of chlorantraniliprole in different samples were briefly introduced. The major pretreatment of samples were described in detail, such as the extraction, purification and detection technologies. Also, the residue dynamics of chlorantraniliprole in farm producuts and environmental samples including vegetable, fruit, grain crops and soil were reviewed in order to provide a guide and theoretical basis for scientific use and residual control of chlorantraniliprole in agriculture.

  Variation Characteristics of Surface Temperature in Qaidam Basin 1980-2015 沈菊,,辛萍萍 and 马艳 2016, 32 (35):  58-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080124 Abstract + ( 833 )   PDF ( 1080KB )   ( 415 ) To study the planting structure of quinoa in Qaidam Basin, the authors used climate statistical method to analyze the surface temperature (0 cm) of 11 observation stations in the Qaidam Basin from 1981 to 2015. The results showed that in the past 35 years, the annual average surface temperature of the whole basin, the west and the east was 6.9, 7.8, 5.8℃, respectively; the climate tendency rate was 0.70℃/10 a, 0.71℃/10 a, 0.69℃/10 a, respectively, which all passed the 0.001 level of the significant test; the average annual maximum temperature of the whole basin, the west and the east was 34.0, 36.3, 31.3℃, respectively, the climate tendency rate was 0.63℃/10 a, 0.85℃/10 a, 0.36℃/10 a, respectively, the climate tendency rate in the west was 2.36 times as much as that of the east; the average annual minimum temperature of the surface was basically equal. Dachaidan and Tianjun were the low- value areas in the west and the east, with - 8.4℃ and - 9.7℃ , respectively; the increased average surface temperature in the whole basin was the largest in spring, and the lowest in winter; while the increased average surface temperature in the west was the maximum in summer and the minimum in winter; and that in the east was the maximum in spring and the minimum in summer. Although the areas had different increased rate, they all passed the significance test with 0.05 level. The change of the surface temperature in the basin and subarea showed a single peak, and the highest value appeared in July and the lowest value in January. The change of surface temperature had a positive correlation with air temperature, and its correlation with other factors was small or negative. Therefore, the significant increase of surface temperature of the basin was obviously affected by air temperature.

  The Spatial-temporal Variation of Net Primary Productivity and Ecosystem Service Value of Cultivated Land: A Case Study of Baiyin District in Gansu Province 2016, 32 (35):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050163 Abstract + ( 763 )   PDF ( 995KB )   ( 403 ) Cultivated land is the basic resources for human survival,in order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of cultivated land in Baiyin district Gansu Province,in this study the spatial and temporal differences of net primary productivity (NPP) and ecological service function of cultivated land is quantitatively analyzed.The results show that:The total value of NPP and ecological service unit area of cultivated land increased slightly in Baiyin district form 2004-2014,and the spatial distribution of NPP and ecological service va1ue was very obvious and divided into the lower value in the northwest area and the higher value in the southeast area.The unit area value of ecological service was about 4.66 million yuan /(hm2·a) and NPP was about 3.27t/ (hm2·a) in the southeast area,while in the northwest area,they were 5.46 million yuan/(hm2·a) and 5.38t/(hm2·a) respectively.The ecological service value of cultivated land is mainly dominated by the value of soil conservation and atmospheric regulation,accounting for 76.87% of the total value in Baiyin district.

  Evaluation of Territorial Resources Bearing Capacity in Longnan Mountain Area： Taking Liangdang County as an Example 2016, 32 (35):  71-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090130 Abstract + ( 580 )   PDF ( 1463KB )   ( 542 ) To study the spatial variation characteristics of land resources bearing capacity in Liangdang County, broaden the development idea and accelerate the development of mountain area, the authors evaluated the bearing capacity of water resources, land resources and mineral resources in Liangdang County. The results showed that: (1) water resources and land resources were evaluated by comprehensive index method, the results of water resources evaluation showed that high bearing capacity were mainly distributed in Taishan, Yunping, Zhangjia and Xinghua, the medium bearing capacity area included Zhanerxiang, Zuojia, Xipo, Yuchi, Yangdian, Xianlong and Jindong, Chengguan was the low bearing capacity area; the results of land resource bearing capacity showed that: high bearing capacity area was mainly distributed in Yuchi, Yunping, Taishan, Jindong, Zhanerxiang, Xianlong, Yangdian, Xinghua and Zuojia; the medium bearing capacity area included Chengguan and Xipo, and Zhangjia was the low bearing area; (2) mineral resources bearing capacity was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the results showed that high bearing capacity area was mainly distributed in Yunping, Zhanerxiang, Yuchi, Xianlong, Xipo, Jindong, TaiShan and Xinghua; the medium capacity area included Zhangjia, Chengguan and Yangdian; Zuojia was the low bearing area; (3) land resources bearing capacity was conducted by comprehensive evaluation method, high bearing capacity was mainly distributed in Taishan, Yunping, Zhangjia and Xinghua; the medium capacity area included Yuchi, Zuojia, Yangdian, Xianlong, Zhanerxiang, Xipo and Jindong; Chengguan was the low bearing capacity area.

  Fractal Characteristics of Land Use Change in Shiyang River Basin 2016, 32 (35):  80-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070028 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 733KB )   ( 446 ) Using fractal theory and GIS method with remote images in 1980, 1995, 2000, 2006 and 2012, fractal characteristics of land use change were studied and the complexity, stability and dynamic change tendency of different land use types change were quantitative analyzed in Shiyang river basin. The results showed that cultivated land, urban and rural residential land and industrial and mining land, forest land and water area had taken on increase tendency, and unused land and grassland had decrease tendency in last 33 years in Shiyang river basin. The different period land use types had the spatial fractal structure, and the complexity and stability of different land use types took on fluctuant change tendency in Shiyang river basin. The order of the value of fractal dimension of different land use types were as follows: the fractal dimension value of water area ＞ that of cultivated land ＞ that of forest land ＞ that of grassland ＞that of unused land ＞ that of urban and rural residential land and industrial and mining land in 1990, 2000 and 2005, and from high to low order were water area, cultivated land, grassland, forest land, unused land, urban and rural residential land and industrial and mining land in 2006 and 2012, respectively. The average fractal dimension values of land use of Shiyang river basin were 1.5296, 1.5025, 1.5445, 1.5631 and 1.5676 in 1980, 1995, 2000, 2006 and 2012, respectively. The average fractal dimension values of different land use types arranged in number order from big to small were as follows: water area (1.8317) ＞ cultivated land (1.5678) ＞ forest land (1.5351) ＞grassland (1.5315) ＞unused land (1.4413) ＞ urban and rural residential land and industrial and mining land (1.3411) in Shiyang river basin. The average stability index of land use of Shiyang river basin were 0.1083, 0.0997, 0.1228, 0.1167 and 0.1186 in 1980, 1995, 2000, 2006 and 2012, respectively. The average stability index of different land use types arranged in number order from big to small were as follows: water area (0.3317) ＞ urban and rural residential land and industrial and mining land (0.1589) ＞cultivated land (0.0635) ＞unused land (0.0587) ＞ forest land (0.0351) ＞grassland (0.0315) in Shiyang river basin. The research of fractal complexity, stability and change tendency characteristic of land use change would provide decision-making basis and technical support for coordinating development between rational exploitation and utilization of land resources and ecological environment in region.

  Landscape Structure and Changes of Riparian Zone in the Lower Reaches of Shiyang River 刘淑娟,,, and 2016, 32 (35):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040118 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 472 ) Using landscape ecological investigating and spatial analyzing and comparing to determine the structure, landscape types and the changes of riparian bank in lower reaches of Shiyang River, it would provide reference for habitat selection of regional population, ecological function area planning and adjustment of the production structure. The results showed that: the occurrence and distribution of landscape elements constrained by fluvial geomorphology. The richness number of straight river channel was 2 times as that of branch and sheetflood. The farmland was a dominance plaque at sheetflood region. The landscape of riparian bank changed from strip to patch mosaic distribution, as well as patch richness decreased gradually and the uniformity increased from runoff to cutoff in lower reaches of Shiyang River. The landscape composition and structure changes caused by groundwater depth of 7-8 m, the riparian landscape change area were a distant from the riverbed about 200 m. landscape changes time of Shiyang River downstream riparian zone were consistent with the time of transformation of river diversions and water conservancy, due to human land use patterns changed the landscape elements, the regional water changes promoted the landscape evolution. The riparian landscape atructure is the foundation of regional oasis structure.

  Research Progress of Rural Non-point Source Pollution in Karst Area of Guizhou 孙荣国, and 2016, 32 (35):  94-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040148 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 504 ) The paper aims to summarize the characteristics of regional geography and current status of rural non-point source pollution and control in Karst area of Guizhou, and provide suggestions and references for the management of non-point source pollution in the future. Through the analysis of existing rural non-point source pollution control technologies, the authors studied the feasibility of the non- point source pollution control in Guizhou, and put forward kaey factors affecting the non-point source pollution control. It was found that: the rural non-point source pollution in Karst area of Guizhou was facing a serious challenge, it was closely related with agricultural production development, ecological development and construction, environmental health etc., as well as the water security of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River downstream residents. It was concluded that: Guizhou was restricted by geographical environment, natural conditions for farming and living environment was very limited; a steady pace of industrialization nowadays, the uneven distribution of resources in urban and rural environmental protection, and the increase of population had become the key factors affecting non-point source pollution in rural Guizhou.

  Effect of Big Furrow Application of Manure on Soil Fertility in Rubber Plantation 2016, 32 (35):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060136 Abstract + ( 593 )   PDF ( 676KB )   ( 289 ) To improve soil fertility in rubber plantation, by means of digging big furrow (wide×deep: 100 cm× 80 cm) between lines, soil total nutrients, available nutrients and organic material in five years were studied under the treatments of manure (Treatment Ⅰ) and manure film covering (Treatment Ⅱ), and traditional management (CK) was used as control. The results showed that soil nutrients content of Treatment Ⅰ and Treatment Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of CK, contents of soil nutrients in every year were significantly higher than that of base contents; soil nutrient in 20-40 cm soil layer were higher than that of 0-20 cm soil layer in TreatmentⅠand Treatment Ⅱ; after film covering, soil nutrient of Treatment Ⅱ were higher than that of TreatmentⅠ. The application of manure obviously increased soil fertility, the tendency of soil nutrient followed the order of manure film covering＞ manure＞ traditional management.

  Soil Nutrient Content, Soil Microorganism Amount and Soil Enzyme Activity in Different Types of Tobacco-planting Soil 2016, 32 (35):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090023 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 522KB )   ( 322 ) An experiment was carried out in Huili of Liangshan, Sichuan to investigate and study soil nutrient content, soil microorganism amount and soil enzyme activity of four types of soil (red soil, purple soil, white sandy soil and paddy soil). The results showed that the fertility level of red soil was the best, but affected by soil acidic pH, the amount of bacteria, the content of available phosphorus and soil catalase activity were relatively low. The activity of urease and sucrase were lower than that of purple soil. The fertility level of purple soil was lower than that of red soil, the pH value of purple soil was alkalescent, which was conducive to the growth of microorganism, and it had the highest amount of microorganism. The higher fertility level, suitable pH value and the highest amount of microorganism led to the highest activity of urease and sucrase, also the catalase activity was higher than that of red soil. The fertility level of white sandy soil was the lowest, as well as the total amount of microorganism and the activity of urease and sucrase, but the activity of catalase was higher than that of red soil. The fertility level of paddy soil was lower than that of purple soil. The pH value of paddy soil was subacidity, the quantity of bacteria and actinomyces were relatively low, but the quantity of fungi was significantly high.

  Degradation Characteristics and Soil Remediation of Fenpropathrin Degrading Bacteria HY1 杨丽莉,, and 2016, 32 (35):  111-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050170 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 802KB )   ( 333 ) The aim was to study the degradation characteristics and soil remediation of fenpropathrin degrading bacteria HY1, in order to lay foundation for its practical application. By gas chromatography and shaking the bottle shock culture method, the location and type of degrading enzyme of strain HY1 were determined. At the same time, the effects of concentration of substrate, the inoculum of HY1, pH, temperature and sterilized soil and unsterilized soil on degradation of fenpropathrin were studied. The results showed that degrading enzyme of strain HY1 was extracellular enzyme and inducible enzyme. Fenpropathrin inducted degradation activity of strain HY1. The optimal concentration of substrate was 10 mg/L, the optimal pH value was 7.0, the optimal inoculum of HY1 was 6% (v/v), the optimum degradation temperature was 30℃. HY1 repaired soil the maximum degradation rate of 84.53% in the experiment soil remediation. The degradation rate of fenpropathrin by HY1 was faster in unsterilized soil than in sterilized soil, which indicated that it could degrade fenpropathrin together with the indigenous microorganisms. The degrading bacteria HY1 can effectively degrade fenpropathrin, and has good remediation effect on contaminated soil by fenpropathrin.

  Nitrogen Release Characteristic of Controlled-release Urea and Its Application Effect on Tomato 衣文平 2016, 32 (35):  117-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080002 Abstract + ( 628 )   PDF ( 627KB )   ( 401 ) The nitrogen release characteristics of controlled release urea (L120d and S80d) whose shape of release curve was parabolic (L) and sigmoid (S) and release period was 120 d and 80 d respectively were studied by constant temperature incubation experiment, the release rates (k) were obtained according to SUGIHARA and LOGISTIC models. On the basis of facility tomato experiment, a field experiment was carried out to study the characteristic of nitrogen release and its effect on tomato. The results showed that the k values of L120d and S80d were significantly affected by temperature under indoor culture conditions, k values were 0.0022~0.0212/d and 0.043~0.279/d respectively under 4 kinds of temperature conditions, the release curve showed the characteristics of L and S types respectively. The characteristics of L120d in field experiment was consistent with indoor culture conditions, but the release period of S80d in field condition had the difference of more than 30 d, the nitrogen release characteristic of L120d and S80d was different. Compared with urea basal application and 3 topdressings, tomato yield of L120d and S80d increased by 7.8%, 7.2% and 5.4%, 4.8% in comparing with that of common urea (N 200 kg/hm2) and conventional N rate (N 400 kg/hm2); nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased by 5.5-10.1 percentage point, and the economic benefits increased by 22817 and 13375 yuan/hm2. This study provided a scientific basis for the popularization and application of controlledrelease fertilizer in facility agriculture.

  Effects of Stabilized Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Application Methods on Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency of Rape 2016, 32 (35):  122-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030217 Abstract + ( 618 )   PDF ( 511KB )   ( 486 ) In order to verify the scientific application of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer in rape, a field experiment was carried out in Anhui Province during 2014 and 2015 to investigate the effects of stabilized N fertilizer (SN) rates and its application methods on rice yield, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rape, economic efficiency and soil nutrients. Compared to non-stabilized nitrogen fertilizer, the yield of SN treatments (as 100% N one application, 100% N split application, 85% N one application and 70% N one application) increased 225.6%, 232.5%, 206.8% and 181.2% respectively. Total N accumulated by above ground parts increased 309.2%, 327.6%, 254.0% and 202.1%, and economic benefits increased 287.9%, 273.9%, 266.1% and 234.0% respectively. Compared to local farmer fertilizer practice, the yield of SN treatments (as 100% one application and 100% split application) increased 8.2% and 10.5% respectively. Total N absorbed by above ground parts increased 15.2% and 20.4%, and economic benefits increased 16.8% and 12.6% respectively. At the same N rate, SN with 100% promoted significantly N accumulation than farmer fertilizer practice. The nitrogen apparent efficiency of SN was significantly higher than farmer fertilizer practice, 100% SN had even more significant difference than 85% and 70% SN, and 100% SN with the split application was the highest. The agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of SN was higher than farmer fertilizer practice. Based on rape yield and NUE, the optimum SN application rate was 180 N kg/hm2 with the ratio of basal fertilization to spring fertilization of 6:4.

  Effect of Foliar Fertilizers (Insecticides) on Yield and Quality of Alfalfa 2016, 32 (35):  127-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070111 Abstract + ( 623 )   PDF ( 470KB )   ( 446 ) To adapt to the rapid development of grass industry, improve the yield and quality of alfalfa and increase the benefits of alfalfaplanting, the experiments onfoliar fertilizers and plant growth regulatorswere conducted, 2 suitable foliar fertilizers were screened out from 5. The results showed that the yield of alfalfa increased more than 20% under the treatments of KH2PO4 and Ausnutria, and the crude protein content increased significantly by 9.37%-10.62%, and crude fiber content was reduced by 5.91%-4.36%. As a result, KH2PO4 and Ausnutria were recommended as foliar fertilizers during the growth period of alfalfa with the concentration of 1000 times and 500 times.

  Effect of Mulching Measures on Soil Moisture and Water Consumption in Spring Wheat Field 马莉 2016, 32 (35):  130-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050034 Abstract + ( 570 )   PDF ( 520KB )   ( 315 ) High efficient water-saving measure is beneficial to improve crop water use efficiency and alleviate water resource shortage in irrigation agricultural production in desert oasis area in China. The effect of different mulching treatments on soil moisture and water consumption of spring wheat was studied by field fixed point observation. The authors set four mulching modes including stone mulch (S), film mulch (B), straw mulch (M) and CK. The results showed that soil surface evaporation reduced by 25.6%-37.9% after mulching, and soil moisture increased effectively. The water consumption of treatment B reduced by 13%, and that of treatment M reduced by 14%, and that of treatment S reduced by 8%. Water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi) of treatment B were the highest. So, film mulching treatment was the best way of watersaving cultivation in this region.

  Abnormal Low Temperature in July in Quzhou: the Effect to Rice Yield and Atmospheric Circulation Characteristics 2016, 32 (35):  134-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030192 Abstract + ( 658 )   PDF ( 1456KB )   ( 487 ) The paper aims to find out the regularity of abnormal low temperature in July which may effect on the rice yield in Quzhou and the correlation between abnormal temperature and the sea surface temperature(SST) by statistical method based on station-observed data, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and SST data during 1972-2015. The atmospheric circulation characteristics were analyzed by synoptic analysis method. The result shows that the abnormal low temperature only appeared in less rainfall years which always lead the rice yield loss and has a negative correlation with the SST in the Western Pacific Sea during April to July, which can be used to forecast the July abnormal low temperature about 1 to 3 months earlier. The atmospheric circulation character presents strong Asia polar vortex, weak South Asia High, southward Western Pacific subtropical High and weak East Asian summer monsoon, and the distribution of abnormal height field from Novaya Zemlya to the Yangtze River valley is like "- -" pattern.

  Response of Plant Phenophase to Climate Change in Fujian 2016, 32 (35):  139-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080152 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 1156KB )   ( 427 ) The paper aims to reveal the sensitivity of plant phenophase to climate change in Fujian. Based on the meteorological data of 18 agricultural meteorological stations from 1961 to 2015 and the phenophase for woody plants. The response of plant phenophase to climate change was investigated by using the methods of linear regression, multiple stepwise regression and M-K mutation testing. The results showed that: (1) the annual average temperature increased at the rate of 0.18℃/10 a, the annual precipitation trends was not obvious, and the annual sunshine hours decreased significantly at the rate of 65.49 h/10 a; (2) the changing trend of plant phenophase varied in Fujian, the phenophase of Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum) in spring advanced at the rate of (3.57-29.27) d/10 a, while the phenophase of Neem (Melia azedarach), Sweet Osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) and Kapok (Gossampinus malasarica) in spring were delayed slightly, all of the phenophase in autumn were not consistent; and the phenophase during plant growing season prolonged; (3) the key meteorological factors influencing the initial stage of development of Chinese tallow were average temperature in Feburary (T2), average temperature in March (T3), sunshine duration in Feburary (S2), sunshine hours in March (S3) and the extreme temperature in late autumn and early winter; the key meteorological fators affecting the deciduous leaves were the average temperature and precipitation in the beginning of winter (precipitation, sunshine hours, extreme high temperature) or the period from Feburary to March; and the key factors affecting the growth of the leaves of Neem were Tmax2, T3, S2 and R4; the key meteorological factors influencing the deciduous leaves of Neem were precipitation in April, May and October; the key mtetorological factors affecting Kapok at flower beginning period and Sweet Osmanthus at leaves beginning were was extreme temperature in November of last year, and the average temperature in February, respectively. In general, the response of plant phenophase to climate change was more sensitive, and the mutation points of plant phenophase were usually early or synchronized with the mutation points of various meteorological factors, which can be used as indicator of climate change.

  Variation Characteristics of the Longest Continuous Dry Days: Tibet, 1961-2010 多吉次仁 2016, 32 (35):  151-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050120 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 960KB )   ( 364 ) Based on daily precipitation data at 18 meteorological stations in Tibet during 1961-2010, the authors established annual and seasonal longest continuous dry days time series, and analyzed the distribution characteristics and trends of the longest continuous dry days, and the impact on drought in Tibet, and the preliminary analysis of the possible effect of El Nino on the longest continuous dry days was conducted. The results showed that: the high value region of Tibet’s longest continuous dry days was mainly located in the arid and semi arid climate region, the drier regions were more prone to prolonged weather without precipitation; annual and seasonal longest continuous dry days had a decreasing trend in Tibet, the annual and winter half year exhibited a significant decreasing tendency with the decrease rate of 3.1 d/10 a and 2.8 d/10 a respectively, passed 0.01 reliability test, and the descending mutation occurred in 1977; long time without precipitation was an important cause of drought in Tibet; El Nino played a regulatory role in the longest continuous dry days, the longest continuous dry days had a general increase in El Nino years and a general decrease in the second year of El Nino occurrence.

  Reasons of One Consecutive Autumn Rain Event in Central Mountainous Area of Shandong 2016, 32 (35):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050141 Abstract + ( 644 )   PDF ( 1120KB )   ( 373 ) The paper aims to improve the forecast capability of consecutive autumn rain in central mountainous area of Shandong. Based on conventional data and daily average NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data, the circulate situation and the distribution characteristics of physical quantity during the autumn rain in mountainous area of the middle Shandong from September 27th to October 7th, 2007 were analyzed. The results showed that: during the consecutive rain, the large-scale circulate system was relatively stable, the high ridge in the Ural Mountains to the European area was stronger; east Asia westerly jet on 200 hPa maintained northerly, south Asia high was eastwards obviously, the subtropical high tended to westerly and northerly, the low trough in the Caspian and Balkis Lake area was strong; the 500 hPa low trough and the shear line in low level were the main influence weather systems in this rainy event; the high level divergence on 200 hPa in the south of east Asia westerly jet and in the northeast of south Asia high was the dynamic mechanism of a long time consecutive rainy days; the frequently tropical cyclone activity was conducive to sustained warm moist air flows in the outside of the north subtropical high to form the rainy days in the mountainous region of the middle Shandong; strong cold air moved southward and subtropical high quickly withdrew southward and eastward to the sea was the obvious sign that the rain was coming to an end.

  Refined Risk Zoning of Rainstorm and Flood Disasters in Chuzhou 2016, 32 (35):  160-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050082 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 1409KB )   ( 415 ) Natural disaster risk analysis theory, statistical regression method, GIS technology were used to draw risk zoning map of rainstorm and flood disaster in Chuzhou. Precipitation from 60 automatic stations was as to disaster causing factor, terrain height in Chuzhou was as to disaster environment, town’s population, GDP and farming area were as to hazard-affected body, economy and water conservancy measures in farmland were as to prevention capability, comprehensive risk index of the rainstorm and flood could be presented with the method of expert evaluation. The result showed that: high risk areas were located at all streets in Chuzhou; Shahe and Yaopu; Xin’an, Shiguanand the northwest part of Sancheng in Laian; Tianchang street and Yongfeng in Tianchang; Shizi, Xianghe, the southeast part of Liuzhen, the south part of Wugang and Erlangkou in Quanjiao; the center of Dingcheng in Dingyuan; Fucheng, Linhuaiguan and Zaoxiang in Fengyang; center street, Suxiang, Nvshanhu in Mingguang. With the large population density, the high vulnerability and the weak ability of disaster prevention, the above areas had high risk rate of rainstorm and flood. They had become the most important areas of disaster prevention and mitigation.

  Climate Characteristics of Frost-Free Period: In Recent 50 Years in Western Guanzhong Wang Chunjuan 2016, 32 (35):  166-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040063 Abstract + ( 780 )   PDF ( 698KB )   ( 708 ) The paper aims to study the change laws of frost-free period and its influence in western Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, under the background of climate change. The author chose the temperature and the first (last) frost day data of 11 meteorological stations in Baoji from 1961 to 2010, and used climate change theory to conduct statistical analysis. The results showed that: in recent 50 years, the first frost day was delayed with a tendency rate of 1.77 d/10 a on average in Baoji, and the last frost day advanced with a tendency rate of 1.72 d/10 a, which made the frost-free period significantly extend with a tendency rate of 3.11 d/10 a. The first frost day, the last frost day, and frost-free period had a turning point in 1974, 1982, 1982, respectively. The extension of frost-free period had positive effects on agricultural production.Key words: change characteristics; first (last) frost day; frost-free period; western Guanzhong

  Climatic Characteristic Analysis and Forecasting Method of Fog in Ma ’anshan 吴韶华 2016, 32 (35):  171-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060027 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 1385KB )   ( 361 ) In order to improve the fog forecast accuracy in Ma’anshan, the authors analyzed the climatic characteristics of heavy fog in Ma’anshan from 1961 to 2010 and established a fog prediction method based on the method of ingredients. The results showed that: the fog days of Ma’anshan focused on November to January of the following year, the fog days in winter were more than that in summer; the humid air (relative humidity was 90% to 100%), the weak wind (wind speed was equal or less than 3 m/s) and suitable temperature (equal or less than 20℃) were all beneficial to the formation of fog; whether there was an inversion layer in 925 hPa and 1000 hPa was beneficial to the thermosphere and was extremely important for the formation and maintenance of fog; the ground situation of heavy fog in Ma’anshan was divided into four categories: weak high pressure type, the back type of the high-pressure sea-going, cold front warm area type, ground reverse grooved type. The authors chose the water vapor condition, cooling condition, stratification condition and wind conditions as the basic ingredients of fog forecast and established the prediction method of Ma’anshan. Using the data of EC fine grid (September 2011-December 2013) to analyze the failure report and empty report for this validation method: TS score was 42.86%, non report rate was 6.9% and the empty report rate was 55.74%.

  Drought Monitoring Model Based on Satellite Remote Sense: Research and Application in High Temperature and Drought in Summer of Hunan 2016, 32 (35):  178-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060135 Abstract + ( 584 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 388 ) Monthly Enhanced Vegetation Condition Index (EVCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) data in Hunan were retrieved from MODIS, and the correlation analysis was conducted by comparing with the meteorological drought composite index (CI) from 97 meteorological stations in Hunan. Remote- sensing drought monitoring model based on drought composite index (CI) was established by selecting appropriate weights and different remote-sensing drought levels were classified. The authors applied the remote-sensing drought monitoring model to drought monitoring from June to September of 2013 in Hunan, the model could reflect the spatio-temporal evolution of the drought well. This model weakens the effects of cloud to a certain extent and could be applied to crop growth monitoring, crop production estimation and natural disaster loss assessment in the humid south.

  High Temperature Disaster: Risk Assessment and Zoning Based on GIS in Heze 2016, 32 (35):  184-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060125 Abstract + ( 628 )   PDF ( 916KB )   ( 368 ) The paper aims to study the distribution of high temperature disaster in different counties of Heze. According to temperature data from meteorological stations of 8 counties and 1 district in Heze during 1970- 2014, the authors selected days whose temperature was greater than 35℃ and the annual extreme highest temperature to analyze the basic characteristics of high temperature weather. Risk index method, expert scoring method, analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive weighted score method were used. Based on full consideration of the risk of hazards, disaster environmental sensitivity, vulnerability and disaster prevention and mitigation, the disaster risk distribution maps of Heze were obtained combined with GIS system. The results showed that: Dongming County, Cao County and Chengwu County were high risk area of high temperature; Juye County and Shan County were low risk area, and other counties were medium risk area. This research can provide theoretical support for prevention and mitigation of high temperature disaster in Heze.

  Spatial and Temporal Distribution Rule of Temperature and Humidity in Apple Tree Canopy on Sunny Days 2016, 32 (35):  188-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080111 Abstract + ( 625 )   PDF ( 585KB )   ( 302 ) Canopy micro-climate monitoring is an inevitable demand of precision agricultural development. Temperatures in an apple tree canopy are key factors that impact the tree growth and fruit quality and quantity, and temperature monitoring strategy is determined by its distribution characteristics in the canopy. Field test was performed to monitor temperatures at a few positions in an apple tree canopy continuously, and the test was conducted repeatedly in a different canopy on a different date for verification. The results showed that around noon when the sun was the most active in time, and at the top and on the edge of a canopy in space the temperature changed the most with time; The temperature extreme values appeared the most in the line along the trunk. It could be concluded that the monitoring frequency around noon and at the top and on the edge of the canopy should be set higher than the other places, and that 2-3 positions in the line along the trunk should be monitored prior to the other positions.

  Quality and Standard System of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences: A Review on the Twelfth Five-year 2016, 32 (35):  193-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080022 Abstract + ( 541 )   PDF ( 721KB )   ( 557 ) The study aims to perfect the construction of aquatic products quality and standard system, and provide basic data for supervision of aquatic products quality and safety in China. We overviewed the work of quality and standard system of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences during the twelfth five-year, illustrated the achievements on the approved scientific research project, accumulation of scientific research and building of communication platform, and pointed out the problems of project application, capacity building, achievement accumulation, communication and cooperation. Finally, the corresponding suggestions were put forward.

  Practice and Thought on Postgraduates Education with Full-time Agricultural Professional Degree: A Case Study of Distant-water Fisheries Speciality 2016, 32 (35):  202-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060065 Abstract + ( 611 )   PDF ( 445KB )   ( 387 ) In order to further improve the quality of full-time agriculture professional degree programmes and expand its education scale, a case study was conducted to the distant-water fisheries programme in the fisheries field of Shanghai Ocean University. The results showed that the main problems were: the students were in shortage and the academic level of them was low; curriculum was emphasized to application; the supervisor’s professional level was insufficient; the practice ability of part students was not enough; the dissertation was lack of practicability etc.. The recommended measures were: to conduct propaganda widely, to give the students right guidance, to provide professional scholarship, to establish a curriculum system both of basic theory and application of knowledge, to promote the supervisor’s professional level, to coordinate and innovate between university and enterprise, to improve the practicability and the quality of the thesis.

  “New Four Modernizations”Development Level Evaluation Based on Gray Relational Model ——Taking 14 Cities in Hunan as an Example 2016, 32 (35):  206-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070117 Abstract + ( 577 )   PDF ( 579KB )   ( 422 ) Industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization (referred to as“New Four Modernizations”) development are significant index to measure regional economic development. According to the mechanism of interaction among industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization, the author designed an index system of the development level of“New Four Modernizations”evaluation. By introducing relevant data of“New Four Modernizations”of 14 cities in Hunan Province, the author comprehensively evaluated the development of“New Four Modernizations”level in the 14 cities based on the entropy and the grey relational analysis. The study found that the development level of “New Four Modernizations”in the 14 cities was significantly uneven, there was "Matthew Effect", in which the strong one was getting to be stronger, and the weak one was going to be weaker. Therefore, we should further straighten out the four modernizations synchronous development, implement reformation and innovation in four aspects, including mechanism construction, urban- rural integration, interactive fusion and regional coordination, to promote the synchronous development of“New Four Modernizations”.

  Rape Production Efficiency in Sichuan Province Based on Super Efficiency DEA Model 2016, 32 (35):  214-221.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050168 Abstract + ( 556 )   PDF ( 648KB )   ( 330 ) In order to evaluate rape production capacity and market competitiveness in Sichuan Province, and to find the main factors affecting rape production efficiency, super efficiency DEA model was used to analyze the rape production efficiency in Sichuan Province from 2008 to 2014. At the same time, comparative analysis of production efficiency was conducted between Sichuan and other six major rape producing provinces in China. Results showed that rape production scale did not play to the best state and the comprehensive efficiency was invalid in Sichuan Province. Thus the actual yield of rape was below the potential yield. Investment structure was imbalanced, and a large amount of redundancy existed in labor cost. Rape production efficiency was more prominent in Hubei Province. The rape production efficiency of Hubei Province was relative stable and reached the production frontier, followed by that of Qinghai and Jiangxi. Sichuan was the fourth and only had a comparative advantage in the research areas. To improve the efficiency of rapeseed production in Sichuan, some suggestions were put forward, such as improving factor input structure, adjusting production scale, strengthening technological innovation and increasing mechanization level.

  Discussion on Rural Biogas Supply Side Reform in China 2016, 32 (35):  222-226.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050182 Abstract + ( 776 )   PDF ( 501KB )   ( 444 ) To give insight to the existing problems of biogas supply side reform and provide ideas for its reform, based on the spirit of “cutting storage, lowering cost and compensating shortages”, and taking market mechanism as starting point, characteristics of rural biogas stakeholders were analyzed from the perspective of government, subsequent public service system and market. Then reform focuses were proposed from the perspective of perfecting related policies, optimizing resources allocation, cutting ineffective supply and increasing effective supply. And the focus were as follows: insisting market guiding rural biogas construction, perfecting structure from supply side, and putting force from both supply and demand side. Though the above suggestions, rural biogas transformation and upgrading in the new era will be promoted.

  Potato: Global Spread and Enlightenment to the Development of China’s Staple Food Industry 王秀丽,马云倩,孙君茂 and 郭燕枝 2016, 32 (35):  227-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110134 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 590KB )   ( 746 ) Potato is ranked as the world’s fourth major food crop after wheat, rice and maize, which is planted all over the world. Western society has rich experience of potato’s promotion. Clarifying the spread paths of potato in the world and analyzing the promotion measures of major countries could provide useful enlightenment and experience to the staple food development of potato in China. The authors looked up and sort data from literature about the spread and cultivation promotion of potato in major western countries, extracted the structural factors resulting in potato’s spreading all over the world and measured experiences promoted by countries. The results showed that: potato’s widespread depended upon three important aspects: firstly, potato had a biological characteristic of wide adaptability and high yield; secondly, some countries particularly in Europe took measures to expand potato planting for food security; thirdly, the popularization of science enhanced people’s nutrition awareness of potato and improved potato processing technology level. The analysis of beneficial experience from other countries will enlighten China to promote potato staple food industry, it should be based on potato’s biological characteristics of high economic efficiency, combing with measures such as political power at the national level and knowledge power in people.

  Research Advance on Origin and Evolution of Watermelon 齐秀玲,申晓萍 and 巫桂芬 2016, 32 (35):  232-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050056 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 644KB )   ( 819 ) The paper summarized research progress of the origin and evolution of watermelon, and used the theory of plate, and the methods of cytological markers and morphological markers, biochemical markers and molecular markers to speculate and argue the center of the origins and evolution of watermelon. It was concluded that Africa was the origin center while Asia was the evolution center. The analysis showed that molecular marker was an important approach to study the origin and evolution of watermelon, and could directly reflect the genetic relationship of different varieties of watermelon. The paper pointed out that analysis based on multidisciplinary knowledge could result in more accurate conclusions. Expounding on the origins and evolution of watermelon was of certain significances to watermelon germplasm resources collection and utilization, and to the breeding of high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant varieties.