Abstract: In this study, the biological characteristics of seeds of three kinds of wild Plantago L. from Heilongjiang Province were compared. The results could provide theory basis for introduction and domestication of medicinal plants in Heilongjiang Province. Seed morphology and the influence factors of seed germination were also compared using microscope and biological contrast. The results showed that there were differences in seed morphology. Additionally, the seeds of P. depressaw L. had no dormancy phenomenon. Synergistic treatment of low temperature and gibberellin was beneficial to seed germination of P. asiatica L. and P. major L.. Therefore, the seeds of P. asiatica L. and P. major L. need low temperature treatment before introduction and domestication.