Abstract: Edible/medicinal fungi are considered an important food for their traditionally famous nutritional and medicinal values, but much information at the molecular level is unfortunately unknown. In order to promote the study of related molecular mechanisms in edible/medicinal fungi, molecular biology techniques are summarized in the research of nucleic acids, proteins and nucleic acid/protein interaction, and the applications in the edible and medicinal fungi research were analyzed. The current studies about the molecular mechanisms of edible/medicinal fungi are relatively shallow, and related investments are relatively less. Increasing investment and strengthen the applications of molecular biology techniques in the study of edible/medicinal fungi are proposed, especially genome editing kinds of new technologies.