Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.36 Published:26 December 2016

  Effect of Potassium on Yield, K Uptake and Utilization of Different Early Rice Varieties Yang Zengping,Nie Jun,Liao Yulin,Xie Jian,Lu Yanhong,Zhou Xing and Huang Keyan 2016, 32 (36):  1-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010095 Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 1020KB )   ( 518 ) A field experiment was conducted to study the yield, K uptake and utilization of different early rice varieties under potassium deficiency stress and high K level in double-cropping paddy area, in order to provide a scientific basis for reasonable potassium application to different early rice varieties in double-cropping paddy area. Thirteen early rice varieties were used as test subjects. The biomasses of different growth stages, the yields of rice and straw in harvest time were determined. The potassium contents of rice and straw were measured and analyzed. The amounts of K-uptake of rice plant were calculated. The results showed that the grain yields of 13 rice varieties were 5080.0-6653.3 kg/hm2 with the coefficient of variation of 6.73 %, and the average was 6214.4 kg/hm2 for the non-applying K treatments. The increasing yields were -80-1646.66 kg/hm2 with the coefficient of variation of 59.62 %, and the average was 716.41 kg/hm2 for the applying K treatments. The amounts of K-uptake were 89.8-154.2 kg/hm2 with the coefficient of variation of 15.3%, and the average was 116.4 kg/hm2 for the non-applying K treatments. The amounts of K-uptake were 124.1-193.1 kg/hm2 with the coefficient of variation of 12.6%, and the average was 157.0 kg/hm2 for the applying K treatments. The increasing rate of ‘Xiangzaoxian 32’ was significantly higher than that of other varieties; the potassium contribution rate was 24.44 %. The increasing rates of ‘Lingliangyou 211’ and ‘Zhongzao 39’ were significantly lower than that of other varieties; the potassium contribution rate was 1.47% and -1.23%, respectively. Among the 13 early rice varieties for tested, ‘Xiangzhaoxian 32’ was a potassium-sensitive variety, the application of K fertilizer could make this variety get greater yield potential; ‘Lingliangyou 211’ and ‘Zhongzao 39’ were potassium deficiency resistant varieties, the application of K fertilizer could make little yield potential; potash fertilization should be reduced during rice planting.

  ‘Yixiangyou1108’: Growth and Yield Under Temperatures of Different Sowing Dates 2016, 32 (36):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020012 Abstract + ( 1155 )   Taking ‘Yixiangyou1108’, which is one of main rice cultivars in Fenggang, as the experiment material, the authors set 4 sowing date treatments at Fenggang agricultural demonstration garden in Guizhou Province from April to October 2015, to analyze the effects of temperature of different sowing dates on growth dynamics and yield features of ‘Yixiangyou1108’. The results showed that: (1) with the delaying of the sowing date, the whole growth period was shortened and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature of rice decreased, the maximum tiller number had no obvious increase and the plant height significantly reduced; (2) except that the temperature suitability of heading to flowering stage and filling and ripening stage in Ⅲ, Ⅳ sowing dates was relatively low, the temperature suitability was better in the rest of growth period; (3) grains per spike, mature grain number, kernel weight and theoretical yield significantly decreased with the delaying of the sowing date, and the decrease of grains per spike and the mature grain number were the main reason for yield declining. The research could provide a theoretical basis for reasonably arranging the sowing date of rice and yield increase, in order to avoid the summer drought and reduce its damage to rice production.

  Effect of ABA on Seed-setting Rate and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Leaves Under Low Temperature Stress at Booting Stage Xiang Hongtao,Wang Tongtong,Zheng Dianfeng,Wang Lizhi,Luo Yu and Li Wan 2016, 32 (36):  16-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070120 Abstract + ( 1374 )   PDF ( 611KB )   ( 375 ) The aim is to clarify the regulating effects of ABA under low temperature stress on seed-setting rate and physiological characteristics of rice leaves at booting stage. This study was conducted with two rice cultivars ‘Longjing11’ (cold sensitive) and ‘Longdao5’ (cold tolerant) which were planted in pots. At booting stage, the low temperature treatments (15℃, lasting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 d) were carried out in climatic laboratory. The different concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) were sprayed. The regulating effects of ABA on the seed-setting rate of different rice cultivars were studied. The effects of ABA and low temperature on the membrane permeability of leaf and antioxidant enzyme were also discussed. The results showed that the seed-setting rate of ‘Longdao5’ had little change in low temperature condition, and the seed-setting rate of ‘Longjing11’ decreased significantly. Spraying of 20 mg/L ABA could effectively alleviate the cold damage, and the seed-setting rate was improved relatively under low temperature. The activities of SOD, POD and CAT in leaves first showed an increasing trend then a decreasing trend. The activities of antioxidase, contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein of ‘Longdao5’ were higher than those of ‘Longjing11’, but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative conductivity were lower than that of ‘Longjing11’. It indicated that ABA could increase the cold tolerance of cold sensitive rice cultivar through regulating some physiological characteristics such as the activities of antioxidant enzyme, the content of soluble sugar in leaf.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Major Japonica Cultivars of Different Ecotypes in Jiangsu Wang Jun,Gong Danni,Fan Fangjun,Zhu Jinyan,Li Wenqi,Wang Fangquan,Zhong Weigong and Yang Jie 2016, 32 (36):  24-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020013 Abstract + ( 1190 )   PDF ( 780KB )   ( 380 ) Genetic diversity of 65 japonica rice varieties which were approved by Jiangsu from 2007 to 2013 and 7 control varieties were analyzed by 48 SSR primers. The results indicated that polymorphism existed in the experimental materials, and a total of 101 alleles loci were detected. The average number of alleles per SSR locus was 2.40 with a range from 2 to 4. The average value of gene diversity index was 0.21 with a range from 0.03 to 0.64. The value of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.18 with a range from 0.03 to 0.58. The intervarietal genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.78 to 0.97, with an average value of 0.91 for 65 japonica rice varieties. The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.87 to 0.97 for 95.4% of the 65 japonica rice varieties. In three types of japonica varieties, genetic diversity of the late-maturation mid-season japonica had the highest number of allele, mean locus PIC value and genetic diversity index were higher than that of late japonica and mid-maturation mid-season japonica. Clustering analysis through UPGMA method showed that 65 japonica rice varieties could be clustered into two groups except ‘Tongjian 981’, ‘Yangnongdao1’ and ‘Yandao 10’. The japonica rice varieties in Jiangsu had close genetic relationship with each other and the genetic diversity was not enough at present. The varieties bred by the same breeding organization had a closer genetic relationship.

  Salt Tolerance of Different Rice Strains in Germinating Stage Zhang Yan,Xu Xing and Zhu Yongxing 2016, 32 (36):  31-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010135 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 733KB )   ( 547 ) To investigate the salt tolerance of several different rice strains and provide good germplasm resources for salt-tolerant breeding, 7 rice varieties were used in the study. With different NaCl concentrations (0, 0.125, 0.15, 0.2 mol/L), the germinating energy, germinative percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight of shoot and main root number were measured and then were analyzed with multivariate analysis method. The results showed that all the testing indexes of different rice varieties decreased with varied degrees. Under salt stress of 0.15 mol/L concentration, ‘S83’ and ‘S85’ showed certain tolerance and ‘S88’ showed a relatively strong tolerance. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that ‘S88’ had stronger salt tolerance.

  Different Irrigation Patterns: Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of ‘Yannong 5158’ Yan Meiling,Sun Ni’na,Xin Qingguo,Jiao Yanlin,Yin Yan,Wang Qianqian,Sun Xiaohui and Yu Jingchuan 2016, 32 (36):  36-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040161 Abstract + ( 880 )   PDF ( 631KB )   ( 332 ) The paper aims to find the suitable irrigation pattern of ‘Yannong 5158’ under the climate condition in Jiaodong area, the authors studied the effects of different irrigation patterns on physiological characteristics, yield and yield components of ‘Yannong 5158’. The results showed that: the relative water content of flag leaf, Fv/Fm of flag leaf and photosynthesis rate of ‘Yannong 5158’ were improved with irrigation time increase; the relative water content of leaf, actual carboxylation efficiency and photosynthesis rate of ‘Yannong 5158’ was higher than that of ‘Lumai 21’, which indicated that the drought resistance of ‘Yannong 5158’ was stronger than that of ‘Lumai 21’; drought stress decreased the yield of ‘Yannong 5158’and ‘Lumai 21’, and the yield of ‘Yannong 5158’ was higher than that of ‘Lumai 21’. Among the three irrigation treatments, the yield in the third treatment was the highest.

  Regulation Effect of Fertilization on Wheat Quality Zhou Qiufeng,Yu Mu,Zhang Guoguo and Zhao Jianguo 2016, 32 (36):  40-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040068 Abstract + ( 574 )   PDF ( 465KB )   ( 443 ) Fertilization is an important measure to improve the yield and quality of wheat. Wheat processing quality is a key index for determination of high quality wheat, and in high quality wheat cultivation, fertilization has important significance to processing quality. Researches indicated that increasing the application amount of nitrogen and the proportion of late nitrogen could improve the grain quality of strong gluten wheat; raising the level of phosphorus could significantly improve wet gluten, protein, dough stability time and sedimentation value; quality traits of wheat could be improved by appropriate potassium fertilization, on the condition of sufficient phosphorus and nitrogen; spraying trace elements in grain filling stage had certain effect on the quality of wheat under the condition of serious lack of trace elements; increasing the application of organic fertilizer could improve the quality of wheat and the effect was better when basic fertility was poor. To understand the effect of fertilizer on wheat quality could reasonably arrange variety layout and develop cultivation techniques, and could be beneficial to popularize high quality wheat variety in large area.

  Effects of Planting Density on Yield and Its Composition Factors of Maize ‘Zhengdan 2098’ Zhang Qianjin,Lu Xiaomin,Wei Xin,Li Xinzhe,Tian Huipeng,Cao Liru,Zhang Xin and Wang Zhenhua 2016, 32 (36):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030014 Abstract + ( 582 )   PDF ( 647KB )   ( 461 ) In order to explore the effect of planting density on yield and its composition factors, and study the optimum planting density under different fertility levels of ‘Zhengdan 2098’, the experiments were conducted in Xihua and Changge of Henan Province using ‘Zhengdan 2098’ as the material. The results showed that with the density increase, the yield first increased and then decreased, the plant height, ear height, ratio of empty stalk, bald tip all increased, while the ear length, ear diameter, particle number, double spike rate, ear grain weight, 100-grain weight decreased, and the shelling percentage was relatively stable. With the density increase, the number of rows per ear and bald tip were main influence factors on yield of ‘Zhengdan 2098’ under the middle fertility level, and the ear grain weight and 100-grain weight were main influence factors on yield of ‘Zhengdan 2098’ under the high fertility level. The optimum planting density of ‘Zhengdan 2098’ was 52500 plants/hm2 under middle fertility level, and the optimum planting density of ‘Zhengdan 2098’ was 67500 plants/hm2 under high fertility level.

  The Relationship Between Anthesis Silking Interval and Maize YieldUnder Different Shading Time Lu Xiaomin,Zhang Xin,Zhang Qianjin,Wei Xin,Cao Liru,Guo Jinsheng and Wang Zhenhua 2016, 32 (36):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030223 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 573KB )   ( 402 ) Anthesis silking interval (ASI) is an important index to measure the stress tolerance of maize. In order to study the relationship between yield, ASI and other traits, twelve largely cultivated corn varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai area were shaded in seven days and fifteen days by 50% under artificial shading and control at the tasseling stage. The results suggested that under seven days shading condition, there were delayed tasseling stage of different varieties, prolonged ASI, shorter ear length, and decreased row number and row grains, and the grain yield decreased seriously, but plant height, ear height, ear diameter and 100 grain weight were not significantly affected. Under fifteen days shading condition, ASI of different varieties was significantly prolonged (except ‘Yuhe 988’), resulting in unbalanced male and female, the plant could not be normally pollinated. Correlation analysis found that under seven days shading condition, varieties’ ASI was significantly and negatively correlated with grain yield. Taking the percentage of plot yield reduction and ASI as the index, the ‘Yuhe 988’, ‘Wuke 2’, ‘Liyu 16’ could be classified as strong shade tolerant varieties.

  Comparative Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters of Domestic Arachis hypogaea Varieties Chen Zhide,Shen Yi and Liu Yonghui 2016, 32 (36):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020055 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 485KB )   ( 424 ) To identify main characters of peanut varieties in various areas, and providing basis for related variety introduction, according to the results of regional test, we analyzed the breeding methods, main agronomic characters and yield traits of 688 authorized or identified peanut varieties in China. The results showed that 85.3% of the varieties were selected from cross breeding, in which simple crossing accounted for about 75.1%, and was the main method for the variety selection. Significant differences were existed in main characters among varieties from different provinces, the range of plant height, lateral branch length, branch number per plant and fruit branch per plant was 17.2 cm, 18.1 cm, 2.7 and 2.2, respectively, the range of 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight and kernel rate was 41.46 g, 18.36 g and 8.46%, respectively, the range of fat content and protein content was 4.08% and 3.77%, respectively, and the range of yield was 1107.45 kg/hm2. Fewer branches & fruit branch per plant were observed in southern varieties, and higher 100 pod and kernel weight were observed in varieties from Yellow River basin. Varieties from Yangtze River basin had higher fat contents and southern varieties had higher protein contents.

  Application of GGE-biplot in Regional Test of Summer Sowing Peanut Variety in Henan Province Zhang Zhongxin,Dong Wenzhao,Qin Li,Gao Wei,Xu Jing,Zhang Jun,Liu Juan,Du Pei and Liu Hua 2016, 32 (36):  62-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030077 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 622KB )   ( 412 ) The authors studied the interaction between varieties and the environment in regional test of summer sowing peanut in Henan Province, and scientifically evaluated the testing varieties and pilots to provide theoretical basis for variety certification and pilot selection. The GGE-biplot software, which could visually analyze the two-dimensional data in crop, was used to evaluate the stability of high yield, the interaction relationship of varieties and environment and the representation of pilots. The results showed that the ideal summer sowing peanut variety in Henan in 2015 was ‘Yuhua 55’, and Industrial Crop Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Puyang Academy of Agricultural Science and Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry were pilots which could effectively select high and stable yield varieties.

  Research Advances in Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Millet (Setaria italica) Li Yanfang,Zhao Jinfeng,Wang Gaohong,Du Yanwei,Zhang Zheng and Yu Aili 2016, 32 (36):  66-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030213 Abstract + ( 647 )   PDF ( 596KB )   ( 452 ) The millet varieties with steady increase of yield, higher nutritional quality and more adaptability will be obtained through genetic engineering methods. To understand the current research situation of millet genetic transformation, this paper summarized the key factors which affected the tissue culture, Agrobacterium infection and transformation regeneration system. And the research progress of millet genetic transformation was reviewed. Finally, the bottleneck problem of millet genetic transformation was pointed out, and the future application of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation technology was discussed, which provides useful clues for the establishment of millet genetic transformation system with high efficiency and stability.

  Effect of Exogenous Selenium on Foxtail millet Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristic Mu Tingting,Du Huiling,Zhang Fuyao,Li Zhihua,Jing Xiaolan and Tian Gang 2016, 32 (36):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030189 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 705KB )   ( 636 ) In order to study the effect of exogenous selenium on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic of foxtail millet, a field experiment was conducted with ‘Changnong35’ by the method of randomized block design. Through foliar spray of different concentrations of sodium selenite in millet heading stage, the variation trend of chlorophyll content, leaf SPAD value and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were analyzed. The results showed that exogenous selenium could significantly improve leaf chlorophyll content and change chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic, the optimum amount of selenium could improve the maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm), which could also increase electron transfer (ETR and ФPSⅡ) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and reduce the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN), thereby reduced the heat dissipation of PSⅡ light energy and increased the photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ. Foliar spray of selenium on foxtail millet had obviously positive effect on leaf chlorophyll content, leaf SPAD value and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the optimum spraying concentration was 67.84 g/hm2 in heading stage, which could obtain the best effect.

  Research Progress of Cotton Leaf Mutant Di Jiachun,Zhao Liang and Chen Xusheng 2016, 32 (36):  78-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030032 Abstract + ( 653 )   PDF ( 591KB )   ( 396 ) In order to understand and utilize the present cotton leaf mutant germplasm resources, the article reviewed the origin of six types of mutants, genetic research, gene localization, influence on agronomic and economic traits, and morphological insect resistance that might be brought by the leaf mutant. These six mutants included: (1) leaf shape mutant: okra leaf, cup leaf, wrinkled leaf, undulate leaf and round leaf; (2) leaf color mutant: mottled leaf, red leaf, sub-red leaf and virescent; (3) natural deciduous mutant; (4) leaf nectary mutant: nectariless; (5) leaf gland mutant: glandless; (6) leaf hair mutant: fuzzy leaf and glabrous leaf. It showed that the mutant traits were all controlled by quality traits, they were good material for genome research, and they could be used as indicative characters; Okra leaf, leaf nectariless, fuzzy leave and glabrous leaf had morphological resistance. Because of the two sides of the mutants, it was suggested that if these traits were used in breeding, breeders should balance the advantages and disadvantages of the mutant characters.

  Effect of Different Soil Textures on Cotton Yield, Composition Factors and Boll Spatial-temporal Distribution in Western Shandong Yin Huihui,Li Qiuzhi,Li Haitao,Shang Na,Zhang Han,Li Tong,Wang Shihong and Yang Zhongxu 2016, 32 (36):  87-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030203 Abstract + ( 705 )   PDF ( 442KB )   ( 271 ) In order to study the effect of different soil textures on cotton yield, composition factors and boll spatial-temporal distribution in western Shandong, a new cotton variety ‘Liaomian6’ was used as test material, the effects of different soil textures on cotton yield composition factors, main agronomic characters and boll formation of different periods and parts were analyzed. The results showed that cotton yield reached the highest in loam, lint yield and seed yield of different soil textures were significantly different, boll number was the main influence factor on yield, seed yield showed a significantly and positively correlation with boll number, and lint yield showed a positive correlation with boll number; the ratio of summer cotton boll number to total boll number of different soil textures and periods was the highest; the boll number above six branches reached the highest in loam, boll number of 1-10 branches occupied 68.34% to 87.47% of the total boll number, the cotton boll was mainly in the middle and lower part in western Shandong.

  Fiber Quality of Difference Branch Positions: Precocious and Guo Jinghong,Li Yuguo,Zhao Hai and Yao Yandi 2016, 32 (36):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050101 Abstract + ( 617 )   PDF ( 660KB )   ( 449 ) The aim was to explore the difference of fiber quality between ‘Xinluzao No.70’ F1 and F2 generation. ‘Xinluzao No.70’ was used as an experimental variety in 2014-2015. In field trials, the fiber quality indicators from generation F1and F2 of ‘Xinluzao No.70’ were detected respectively by fixed point and fixed plant sampling and taking normal opening bolls of different branch positions. The results showed that, the average of six quality indicators, including length, strength, micronaire, uniformity, elongation, spinning consistency index of generationF1 and F2 , had no significant difference, and the frequency distribution was basically the same. The fiber quality indicators were the best in the layer 4-6 in the middle of the cotton plant, followed by the 7-8 layer, layer 1-3 was the worst. The cotton with superior fiber quality in F1 generation was more than that in F2 generation, the group of F2 generation showed a polarization trend in fiber quality, the better fiber quality individual number decreased, the inferior quality individual number increased slightly.

  Cloning and Expression of BnSTO Encoding B-box-type Zinc-finger Proteins in Rapeseed Hu Maolong,Long Weihua,Gao Jianqin,Zhang Jiefu,Chen Song and Pu Huiming 2016, 32 (36):  96-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020056 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 1893KB )   ( 573 ) The B-box-type zinc finger proteins play crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development, and response to abiotic stresses in plants. In this paper, two genes BnSTO-1 and BnSTO-2, encoding B-box-type zinc finger proteins, were cloned from rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The gene BnSTO-1 contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 723 bp, encoding a peptide of 240 amino acid residues. It was mapped on chromosome A8. The ORF of BnSTO-2 was 726 bp in length, encoding a peptide of 241 amino acid residues. It was mapped on chromosome C8. Sequence analysis of the genomic fragment demonstrated that the two BnSTOs genes consisted of three exons separated by two introns. BnSTO-1 and BnSTO-2 shared 96.68% amino acid sequence homology. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that deduced BnSTO-1 and BnSTO-2 proteins were close to AtSTO protein in Arabidopsis. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that BnSTO-1 and BnSTO-2 were both expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest expression in leaves and buds; their expressions were significantly increased at different time in treatments of salt, drought, and high temperature, suggesting BnSTO genes were putatively associated with the responses of abiotic stresses.

  A Rapid Screening of EST-SSR Primers in Beet Wu Zedong,Zou Lanlan,Liu Naixin,Ma Longbiao and Ni Hongtao 2016, 32 (36):  104-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050162 Abstract + ( 570 )   PDF ( 564KB )   ( 459 ) To rapidly screen out the primers suitable for the molecular biology of sugar beet from EST-SSR primers of sugar beet, 12 varieties of sugar beet were used to amplify with 80 pairs of EST-SSR primers of sugar beet. At the same time, 12 kinds of annealing temperatures were set and 8% non-denaturing PAGE was used to separate the PCR products. The results showed that although all 80 pairs of EST-SSR primers could amplify products, most of them were useless because they were not polymorphic or difficult to distinguish. There were only 13 pairs of primers amplifying bands which were clear and easy to distinguish. Among them, 4 pairs had high polymorphism and the other 9 pairs had low polymorphism. While the gradient annealing temperature indicated that the annealing temperature had no obvious influence on EST-SSR primers and only several primers produced unspecific bands under low annealing temperature. So the annealing temperature of all primers was set to be 60 ℃. Quick screening of EST-SSR primers could be achieved using different varieties and gradient annealing temperature. But more EST-SSR primers should be screened to get primers with high polymorphism.

  Genetic Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Leaf Phenotypic Traits of Liannan Cultivated Ancient Tea Li Huafeng,Teng Jie,Yang Jiagan,Yang Yajie,Yan Changyu and Huang Yahui 2016, 32 (36):  109-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060018 Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 547KB )   ( 555 ) Genetic diversity of 66 cultivated ancient tea plants from Woshui, Huanglian and Dalong of Liannan was studied based on 24 leaf phenotypic characters such as leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf shape, leaf lamina, leaf margin and so on, the method of variable coefficient, Shannon-Weaver and cluster analysis were used. The results showed that the average variable coefficient of the 66 cultivated ancient tea plants was 31.86%, and the variable coefficient of phyllopodium was the maximum (92.90%), while that of the angle between lateral vein and main vein was the minimum (12.02%). The average Shannon-Weaver index was 1.10, and the diversity coefficient was great. The diversity coefficient of phyllopodium was the maximum (2.08), and that of leaf area was the minimum (0.59). Furthermore, the 66 cultivated ancient tea plants were clustered into 5 groups at the euclidean of 20 based on 24 leaf phenotypic characters, which showed rich variation degree and genetic diversity.

  Coordinated Development Evaluation of Land Use and Ecological Environment in Nilka County in Xinjiang Ma Wenjuan,Pu Chunling,Jiang Ling,Su Lili and Wang Yijie 2016, 32 (36):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050014 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 564KB )   ( 369 ) In order to provide reference for sustainable development of land use and ecological environment in Nilka county in Xinjiang, the coordinated development level from 2009 to 2014 was analyzed from the establishment of land use system and ecological environment system, and the weight was determined by principal component method, and the coordinated development evaluation model was adopted. The results showed that: (1) the land use and ecological environment in Nilka was in a barely coordination level from 2009 to 2011, and a primary coordination level from 2012 to 2014; (2) the coordinated development situation of land use and ecological environment was gradually toward a good direction in Nilka from 2011 to 2014, the coordination level between each subsystem was improved, the land use comprehensive benefit was increased, ecological environment quality was promoted, the level of economic development was enhanced. The results indicated that land use, economic, social and ecological environment began to enter a healthy and orderly development stage in Nilka county. In future development, on the one hand, Nilka needs to promote the sustainable use of land resources, and conducts intensive and conservative land use validly and reasonably, on the other hand, it should highlight the coordinated development of land use and ecological environment in this region.

  Soil Moisture for Years in Xinjiang National Agricultural Test StationHan Chunguang1, Zhang Ling2, Ren Gang1, Pu Yunjin1 任岗 and 蒲云锦 2016, 32 (36):  120-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050166 Abstract + ( 1144 )   PDF ( 665KB )   ( 828 ) To provide climatic information for agricultural sustainable development, and reasonable utilization of agricultural and climate resources in Shihezi, Xinajing, the authors statistically analyzed 0-50 cm monthly average soil moisture, annual average soil moisture and its correlation with other meteorological factors in Xinjiang national agriculture test station from 1996 to 2015. The results showed that: 0-50 cm monthly average soil moisture overall showed a trend of wet; 0-10 cm monthly average soil moisture in March and April were the largest, the smallest humidity was found in June, July and August, with the increase of soil depth, soil moisture had little difference between each month; the change of 0-10 cm annual average soil moisture had a decadal cycle of 13 years and an annual cycle of 5 years, the change of 40-50 cm annual average soil moisture had a decadal cycle of 10 years and an annual cycle of 5 years; the characteristic of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm annual average soil moisture had mutations; 0-50 cm annual average soil moisture was most sensitive to the meteorological factors of annual precipitation, annual evaporation and annual 0 cm ground temperature.

  Farmland Nutrients Spatial Distribution in Donge County Li Fang,Wei Jianlin,Xu Hongming,Song Dongtao and Cui Rongzong 2016, 32 (36):  125-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050181 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 1607KB )   ( 571 ) To explore the spatial variability characteristics of soil nutrients in Donge County, the authors descriptively and statistically analyzed 1799 reasonable soil samples by SPSS 23. The ordinary Kriging method in ArcGIS 10.2 was used to form the soil nutrients interpolation map. The results showed that the average contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was 15.60 g/kg, 91.4 mg/kg, 24.12 mg/kg and 190 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of each soil nutrient were higher in the central region, then were the northeast and the lowest were in the southwest. Soil texture was the main factor of nutrient spatial distribution, the sedimentary sorting effect in soil-forming process made the range shortest perpendicular to the bank of Yellow River.

  Precipitation in Heze: Variation Trend and Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics Chen Nan and Cheng Meng 2016, 32 (36):  136-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070048 Abstract + ( 1247 )   PDF ( 946KB )   ( 575 ) This research aims to predict short-term precipitation and cope with climate change in Heze, and provide both technical and theoretical support for rational utilization of climate resources, industrial layout optimization and government guidance on agricultural production. According to the surface meteorological observation data of 8 counties and 1 district of Heze in 1971-2010, the authors studied spatial distribution, change trend, precipitation mutation, and precipitation assurance of different counties by using unary linear regression analysis, M-K test and precipitation assurance method. The results showed that: the mean annual precipitation presented a stepped declining trend in Heze from southeast counties to northwest counties, and an obvious rising trend with the time and the rise rate was 16.5 mm/10 a; UB curve was above 0 from 1971 to 2001 and the precipitation showed a rising trend significantly; meanwhile, UB curve was below 0 after 2002 and the precipitation showed a declining trend; there was an intersection point in 2003 of UF curve and UB curve between two reliability lines, indicating that 2003 was the mutation time point. When precipitation assurance was the same, the mean annual precipitation of Heze showed an increasing trend from north to south.

  Winter Climate’s Impact on Agricultural Production of Shouguang in 2016 Xu Fengxia,Wang Xiaoli,Zhang Qin and Wang Chen 2016, 32 (36):  142-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060053 Abstract + ( 857 )   PDF ( 522KB )   ( 372 ) According to statistical analysis of winter temperature, precipitation, sunshine and other elements, combined with winter climate data in 2016 and agricultural disaster survey data of Shouguang, the authors scientifically assess the impact of winter climate resources in 2016 on agricultural production in Shouguang to provide reference for disaster prevention and reduction in agricultural production in winter and spring. The results showed that winter climate characteristics had advantages and disadvantages to agricultural production, on the one hand, the temperature of early winter was a little high, thus winter wheat did not get cold resistance training, which was not good for wheat to live through winter, therefore, strong cold weather led to freeze injury in some areas lately; at the same time, the increase of thick haze, cloudy and rainy weather, and strong cold wave in late January all resulted in the decline of the production and quality of greenhouse vegetables, as well as high vegetable prices; on the other hand, the cold wave and low temperature was good for killing worm eggs, reducing the number of pests living through winter and relieving insects damage; a rare rain and snow in the mid-February of 2016 increased soil water content and alleviated the drought, laying a preferable foundation for agricultural production in spring. Overall, the effects of extreme weather events such as the cold wave, haze, low temperature and sunlight shortage on agricultural production in winter had more harm than good.

  Estimate of Drought Effect on Summer Maize Yield Based on WOFOST Model in Henan Province in 2014 侯英雨 and 2016, 32 (36):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010069 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 687KB )   ( 422 ) The paper aims to quantitatively estimate the effect of drought which continued for a period on meteorological yield of summer maize. The WOFOST model was used to carry out the estimate by adopting the measured meteorological data before the estimating day and the average meteorological data of the recent 5 years after the estimating day forming a new sequence of data, and designing 3 kinds of scenarios and 4 kinds of treatments. The results showed that: on the estimating day, the yield reduction rate of summer maize changed greatly between 14%-64% in different drought areas only under rainfall. It was between 47%-64% in heavy drought area and 28%-50% in middle drought area, while 14%-47% in light drought area. The yield reduction rate of summer maize dropped sharply with irrigation, under which the drought stress influence was little. With adequate irrigation, there was nearly no yield reduction in the light drought area and the yield reduction in heavy drought area was between 10%-38%. Verified by actual meteorological data, the model was more accurate for the light drought area and middle drought area than for the heavy drought area. Therefore, the crop model can be used to quantitatively estimate the effect of continuing drought for a period on the meteorological yield of summer maize.

  Judgment of Maize Cold Damage in Different Development Periods Based on Active Accumulated Temperature Anomaly ≥10℃ and Its Relationship with Yield Jiang Lixia,Wang Ming,Zhu Haixia,Gong Lijuan and Qu Huihui 2016, 32 (36):  152-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050075 Abstract + ( 1310 )   PDF ( 1270KB )   ( 575 ) The paper aims to reveal the characteristics of maize cold damage and its relationship with yield, and provide meteorological references for maize production and planting structure adjustment. Based on the observation data from 15 agro-meteorological stations from 1980 to 2014, by using the active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10℃ index, the authors estimated the occurrence of maize cold damage during seedling emergence to seven leaves period, seedling emergence to tasseling period, and seedling emergence to milky maturity period, and analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of cold damage, and built the relationship between active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10℃ and maize yield. The results showed that: (1) the sum of maize cold damage year was from 7 to 17 in the 3 critical development periods during 1980-2014, the frequency of cold damage year decreased and the occurrence of cold damage was consistent with climate warming trend; the frequency of cold damage year in north was higher than that in south, and the occurrence of cold damage showed the clustering, regional and local characteristics; (2) in the study period, the cycle of active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10℃ was about 16 years in a large scale, and the temperature was low before 1995 and it was warming after 1995; (3) in the 3 development periods, correlation between active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10℃ and maize yield was significant or extremely significant in 13%, 60% and 67% agricultural meteorological stations respectively, active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10℃ was 100-200℃·d, which was favorable to maize yield; the seedling emergence to milky maturity period was the most suitable stage for analyzing the relationship between active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10℃ and maize yield; (4) active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10℃ indicated the biological and agricultural meaning of maize cold damage index and improved the objectivity of maize cold damage assessing.

  Climate Factors of Flue-cured Tobacco: Adaptability Evaluation and Correlation with Chemical Components in Zunyi Yang Tianxu,Zuo Anjian,Wei Qiulan,Deng Shiyuan,Liu Gao and Wang Wei 2016, 32 (36):  163-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070101 Abstract + ( 849 )   PDF ( 617KB )   ( 383 ) The paper aims to find out the primary and secondary relationship of climate factors’ influence on chemical components during flue-cured tobacco growth in Zunyi, and provide a theoretical basis for production layout of flue-cured tobacco with high quality. Based on major chemical components of tobacco and the climate data in tobacco-growing area of Zunyi during 2009-2013, the authors used the fuzzy mathematics membership function model to assess the climate adaptability of this area, in addition, the authors also used the grey correlation analysis to analyze the correlation degree between major climate factors and chemical components of tobacco leaves. The results showed that: the average climate feasibility index (CFI) in tobacco-growing area of Zunyi was 0.853, which accorded with growth condition of tobacco leaves with high quality, however, climate change was great in tobacco-growing area of Zunyi between the years, the variation coefficient of sunshine duration and rainfall during various growth periods among different years was especially large, resulted in poor stability of chemical components of tobacco leaves in different years. The results of grey correlation analysis showed that the climate factor, which was significantly correlated with total sugar and reducing sugar contents of tobacco in Zunyi, was sunshine duration at each growth period, and the major climate factor which influenced the nicotine and total nitrogen content in tobacco was the rainfall at the vigorous growth period.

  Microbial Inoculum of Bt.DBW902 with High Toxic to Plutella xylostella Fu Haiyan,Zhu Xun,Liu Chunguang,Hou Yueying,Yang Jing, and Yang Fengshan 2016, 32 (36):  170-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050169 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 808KB )   ( 354 ) To provide references for development and production of microbial inoculum, the Bt.DBW902 strain with high toxic to Plutella xylostella (L.) was used to establish the optimal fermentation condition and explore the preparation technics of Bt powder. Survival strains, viable spores and protein content were used as indexes, the fermentation condition was optimized by adopting a single-factor assay. The original types of Bt powder were prepared by adding different mineral with different concentrations, then the powder characteristics were detected. Results showed that the optimal fermentation condition was as follows: inoculum quantity 2%, seed age 10 h, agitation speed 200 r/min, initial pH 7.0-7.5, temperature 30℃ and culture time 48 h. Under this fermentation condition, the viable cells could reach 2.99×109 CFU/mL, viable spores could reach 8.88×108 CFU/mL and crystal proteins could reach 20.0 mg/mL. In the original types of Bt powder, the artificial zeolite could best protect the Bt powder, and the 1.0%-3.0% dose of artificial zeolite had the strongest effect on P.xylostella. This study optimized the fermentation condition of Bt.DBW902 and obtained the original types of Bt powder which laid the foundation for development and research of Bt powder.

  EAG and Olfactory Behavioral Responses of Asias halodendri to Six Volatiles from Chinese Jujube Tree Yan Xiongfei,Liu Yonghua,Li Gang,He Ying,Liu Xiaoying and Liu Lie 2016, 32 (36):  177-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090142 Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 510KB )   ( 399 ) The aim is to verify the reasons of Zizyphus jujube (Chinese jujube tree) volatiles attracting Asias halodendri. The electroantennogram and olfactory behavioral responses of A. halodendri to six volatiles from Chinese jujube tree were tested with the electroantennogram (EAG) and Y-tube olfactometer, respectively. The results showed that the six compound chemicals emanating from Z. jujube could induce obvious EAG responses of male and female beetles. A. halodendri had the highest EAG relative value to the six compound chemicals when the concentration of stimulation got to 100 μg/μL. The EAG responses value of male and female A. halodendri to n-hendecane was the highest, being 2.34 and 2.29, respectively. As for olfactory behavioral response tests, the male and female beetles were attracted by n-hendecane and cis-3-hexenyl acetate. The research could provide a theoretical basis for developing botanical attractants to A. halodendri.

  Winter Oilseed Rape: Effect of Chemical Herbicidal at Seedling Stage and Economic Benefits 2016, 32 (36):  182-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080147 Abstract + ( 737 )   PDF ( 594KB )   ( 323 ) To screen out economic, efficient and safe chemical weed control method to control oilseed rape field weeds effectively, and improve yield and benefit of oilseed rape, the authors studied the safety and effects of 2 chemical herbicides at oilseed rape seedling stage with different concentrations. At the same time, the input and output of different weed control methods were analyzed with the CK of artificial weeding and non-weeding. The results showed that the yield of oilseed rape was significantly different between different weed control methods; the chemical weed control method had good control effect on oilseed rape field weeds, it could significantly reduce the input of labor and production cost, and improve the economic benefit. Different chemical weed control methods all showed good weed control effect after 35 days of application; the weed control effect was the best with timely spraying 900 mL 21.2% sinensis·amine·benazolin suspending agent added 900 kg water per hectare at 4—5 leaf stage of oilseed rape and 3—4 leaf stage of weeds, it was safe to oilseed rape growth and could be used as a chemical weed control method in winter oilseed rape field at seedling stage in the production.

  Relationship Between the Division of Regional Urbanization Stage and the Driving Forces of Grain Sowing Area Xu Jingxue and Cao Yingui 2016, 32 (36):  188-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090019 Abstract + ( 1106 )   PDF ( 771KB )   ( 498 ) To define the urbanization stage of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing section) and the driving forces of grain sowing area, and analyze the relationship between these two, the authors used the statistical analysis method, AHP, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to conduct the study. The results showed that (1) the rate of urbanization in the study area increased fast, and the levels of urbanization of different districts (counties) were recognized by urbanization rate; (2) the grain sowing area showed a downward trend and a “moderate increase- sharp decrease- slight increase- slight decrease” trend, and the difference among districts (counties) was obvious; (3) the change of the driving forces of grain sowing area could be divided into three kinds of spatial regions: the most superior economical welfare-ecological safety driving area, the most superior economical welfare-grain safety driving area and the survival economical welfare-grain safety driving area; (4) the relationship between the urbanization stage and the driving forces of grain sowing area was determined. This study could ease the contradiction between food security and economic development, and provide reference for the study area to make different food security measures.

  Research Progress of Nutrient Management in Three Paddy-upland Rotating Systems Liu Chuang,Chen Fang,Liu Yi,Li Zhiguo,Zhang Guoshi and Xie Juan 2016, 32 (36):  198-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010134 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 609KB )   ( 646 ) Based on the investigation results of three major paddy-upland rotations (rice-wheat, rice-rapeseed and rice-maize rotation) in Yangtze River valley of China, the authors discussed the nutrient input and management characteristics, nutrient input variety, nutrient input amount and proportion of base fertilizer and additional fertilizer in these three rotations. The results showed that the fertilizer input rates and proportions for rice growing season of the three rotations were different. In rice-maize rotation, rice obtained the lowest proportion (47.8%) of the total fertilizer input, while rice obtained 51.4% and 54.7% of the total fertilizer input in rice-rapeseed rotation and rice-wheat rotation, respectively. Compared with the other two rotations, rice-maize rotation showed significant advantages on grain yield, economic benefit and fertilizer use efficiency, and this rotation system had great potential in this region in the future.