Abstract: The aim was to explore the difference of fiber quality between ‘Xinluzao No.70’ F1 and F2 generation. ‘Xinluzao No.70’ was used as an experimental variety in 2014-2015. In field trials, the fiber quality indicators from generation F1and F2 of ‘Xinluzao No.70’ were detected respectively by fixed point and fixed plant sampling and taking normal opening bolls of different branch positions. The results showed that, the average of six quality indicators, including length, strength, micronaire, uniformity, elongation, spinning consistency index of generationF1 and F2 , had no significant difference, and the frequency distribution was basically the same. The fiber quality indicators were the best in the layer 4-6 in the middle of the cotton plant, followed by the 7-8 layer, layer 1-3 was the worst. The cotton with superior fiber quality in F1 generation was more than that in F2 generation, the group of F₂ generation showed a polarization trend in fiber quality, the better fiber quality individual number decreased, the inferior quality individual number increased slightly.