Abstract: In order to evaluate rape production capacity and market competitiveness in Sichuan Province, and to find the main factors affecting rape production efficiency, super efficiency DEA model was used to analyze the rape production efficiency in Sichuan Province from 2008 to 2014. At the same time, comparative analysis of production efficiency was conducted between Sichuan and other six major rape producing provinces in China. Results showed that rape production scale did not play to the best state and the comprehensive efficiency was invalid in Sichuan Province. Thus the actual yield of rape was below the potential yield. Investment structure was imbalanced, and a large amount of redundancy existed in labor cost. Rape production efficiency was more prominent in Hubei Province. The rape production efficiency of Hubei Province was relative stable and reached the production frontier, followed by that of Qinghai and Jiangxi. Sichuan was the fourth and only had a comparative advantage in the research areas. To improve the efficiency of rapeseed production in Sichuan, some suggestions were put forward, such as improving factor input structure, adjusting production scale, strengthening technological innovation and increasing mechanization level.