Abstract: An experiment was carried out in Huili of Liangshan, Sichuan to investigate and study soil nutrient content, soil microorganism amount and soil enzyme activity of four types of soil (red soil, purple soil, white sandy soil and paddy soil). The results showed that the fertility level of red soil was the best, but affected by soil acidic pH, the amount of bacteria, the content of available phosphorus and soil catalase activity were relatively low. The activity of urease and sucrase were lower than that of purple soil. The fertility level of purple soil was lower than that of red soil, the pH value of purple soil was alkalescent, which was conducive to the growth of microorganism, and it had the highest amount of microorganism. The higher fertility level, suitable pH value and the highest amount of microorganism led to the highest activity of urease and sucrase, also the catalase activity was higher than that of red soil. The fertility level of white sandy soil was the lowest, as well as the total amount of microorganism and the activity of urease and sucrase, but the activity of catalase was higher than that of red soil. The fertility level of paddy soil was lower than that of purple soil. The pH value of paddy soil was subacidity, the quantity of bacteria and actinomyces were relatively low, but the quantity of fungi was significantly high.